US3906273A - Two electrode spark gap apparatus - Google Patents

Two electrode spark gap apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3906273A
US3906273A US433943A US43394374A US3906273A US 3906273 A US3906273 A US 3906273A US 433943 A US433943 A US 433943A US 43394374 A US43394374 A US 43394374A US 3906273 A US3906273 A US 3906273A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
spark gap
enclosure
tube
base
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US433943A
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English (en)
Inventor
Joseph M Kozlowski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Allied Corp
Unison Industries LLC
Original Assignee
Bendix Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bendix Corp filed Critical Bendix Corp
Priority to US433943A priority Critical patent/US3906273A/en
Priority to IT30942/74A priority patent/IT1027983B/it
Priority to DE19742461186 priority patent/DE2461186A1/de
Priority to IT30941/74A priority patent/IT1027982B/it
Priority to GB81/75A priority patent/GB1484531A/en
Priority to JP50005030A priority patent/JPS50101738A/ja
Priority to FR7501072A priority patent/FR2258021B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3906273A publication Critical patent/US3906273A/en
Assigned to HOUSEHOLD COMMERCIAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC. reassignment HOUSEHOLD COMMERCIAL FINANCIAL SERVICES, INC. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: UNISON INDUSTRIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
Assigned to IGNITION PRODUCTS CORPORATION reassignment IGNITION PRODUCTS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ALLIED-SIGNAL INC.
Assigned to UNISON INDUSTRIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, 530 BLACKHAWK PARK AVE., ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS 61108, A DE. LIMITED PARTNERSHIP reassignment UNISON INDUSTRIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, 530 BLACKHAWK PARK AVE., ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS 61108, A DE. LIMITED PARTNERSHIP ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: IGNITION PRODUCTS CORPORATION
Assigned to ALLIED-SIGNAL INC., A DE CORP. reassignment ALLIED-SIGNAL INC., A DE CORP. MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALLIED CORPORATION, A DE CORP.
Assigned to ALLIED CORPORATION, A CORP. OF NY reassignment ALLIED CORPORATION, A CORP. OF NY MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE DATE: 4-01-85, DELAWARE Assignors: BENDIX CORPORATION, THE, A DE CORP.
Assigned to UNISON INDUSTRIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, A DE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP reassignment UNISON INDUSTRIES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, A DE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ALLIED-SIGNAL INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B3/00—Blasting cartridges, i.e. case and explosive
    • F42B3/10—Initiators therefor
    • F42B3/14—Spark initiators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed

Definitions

  • the spark gap apparatus can be 511 Int. Cl. H01 j 17/16 eempleteiy assembled except for the hermetically Seal- [58] Field of Search 313/146, 217, 220 g of the Spark p apparatus and the Setting of the spacing between the two electrodes that establishes 5 References Cited the arc discharge when a predetermined breakdown UNITED STATES PATENTS voltage is established across the electrodes.
  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling the discharge of electrical energy.
  • the invention is more particularly related to a spark gap discharge device.
  • Gaseous conductors such as spark gap discharge devices have numerous applications.
  • a spark gap discharge apparatus is used as a trigger to isolate energy stored in a capacitor from a load.
  • One example of such a use is in blasting operations in tunnels and shaft mining where it is desirable to detonate explosives with electric blasting caps.
  • the electric blasting caps are detonated by electric energy which is received from the discharge of a storage capacitor.
  • the most important aspects of blasting is the safety of the people involved in the operations. Therefore, a most important feature of any blasting circuit is the device that isolates the explosives from the electrical energy that detonates the explosives.
  • a description of one such device may be found in US. Pat. No. 3,715,614 entitled Three Electrode Spark Gap Apparatus issued Feb. 6, 1973 to Irving E. Linkroum.
  • spark gap discharge devices are used in the ignition circuitry for industrial and aircraft gas turbine engines wherein the spark gap device is used to isolate and trigger the discharge of the energy stored in a capacitor into an igniter plug that ignites fuel in the engine.
  • the spark gap apparatus it is generally necessary that the spark gap apparatus have a specific breakdown voltage at which the spark gap apparatus will allow the discharge of energy into the load, e.g. igniter plug or blasting caps. Further, it is necessary that there be a wide variety of spark gap devices, each having a predetermined breakdown voltage that corresponds to the circuitry for which it is to be used. This requirement has in the past necessitated the need for stocking a large number of spark gap devices with different electrode spacings.
  • This invention eliminates the need to stock spark gaps with different electrode spacings by providing a completely assembled spark gap electrode assembly that includes an electrode that is adjustable to establish the desired breakdown before the apparatus is hermetically sealed.
  • the invention is a spark gap apparatus (See FIG. for a capacitor discharge circuit that is characterized by the additional element of a flanged sleeve 3 that allows one of the electrodes 20 to be adjusted before the apparatus is hermetically sealed.
  • the spark gap apparatus comprises: a tube 5 having a central axis; a first base I mounted at one end of the tube; a second base 2 mounted at the other end of the tube and forming with the first base 1 and the tube 5 an enclosure; a first electrode mounted to the first base 1 and extending into the enclosure along the central axis thereof, the first electrode I0 having a free end portion that includes an arc discharge surface area 11; a flanged sleeve 3 mounted to and extending through the second base 2 in the manner shown in FIGS.
  • the second electrode 20 mounted through the sleeve 3 and extending into the enclosure along the central axis, the second electrode 20 having a free end portion that includes an arc discharge surface 21 which is spaced from and faces the arc discharge surface 11 of the first electrode 10, the second electrode 20 electrically isolated from the first electrode; and means for hermetically sealing the enclosure formed by the first and second bases 10,20 and the tube 5.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an improved device for discharging capacitors.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a spark gap discharge apparatus that incorporates the principles of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 taken along lines IIII.
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of the spark gap discharge apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is an end view of the spark gap discharge apparatus shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of one end portion of a spark gap discharge apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a spark gap discharge device that is useful for triggering the energy stored in a capacitor discharge circuit.
  • the spark gap device shown may be used in blasting machine circuits as serve as a switch for discharging the energy stored in the capacitor through blasting caps to detonate dynamite.
  • the device illustrated has been found to be greatly superior to mechanical switches in this application because the contacts of mechanical switches burn away after relatively few operations because of the energy passing through them. Ordinary gaseous conductors are inappropriate for use in discharging the energy from a storage capacitor when the energy stored in the capacitor is greater than joules.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a spark gap discharge apparatus which comprises: an enclosure formed by base plates 1 and 2 which are mounted to the ends of a tube 5; and electrodes 10 and 20 mounted to the base plates 1 and 2 respectively along the central or longitudinal axis of the tube 5.
  • the base plates 1 and 2, tubing 5 and tubing 10 and 3 are selected from materials having approximately the same thermal coefficient of expansion 5 X l() 1C in the expected operating temperature range (65F to 5()()F).
  • the base plates 1 and 2 are comprised of a borosilicate glass (Corning 7052); the tubing 5 is comprised of a ceramic such as alumina (96% A1 and the metal parts such as tubes 3 and 10, and washer 31 are comprised of an ASTM F15 alloy (c.g.
  • the enclosure may be evacuated through the passage 15 and hole 16 in the electrode tubing 10.
  • the enclosure may be evacuated to a pressure below 1 X 10 torr and then backfilled with an ionizable atmosphere to a pressure at, above or below atmospheric. Repeated evacuationand backfilling will flush out undesirable gases.
  • Preferred ionizable atmospheres that may be used to backfill the enclosure are dry air or a mixture of dry air or a mixture of argon and hydrogen. Other gas mixtures such as: air and carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen and argon may also be used.
  • tubing 5 may be comprised of a suitable glass and the enclosure may be evacuated through a tubulation in the glass.
  • the arc discharge surfaces 11, 21 of the electrodes and 20 are comprised of materials chosen for their electrical and physical characteristics at high currents, voltages and temperatures.
  • acceptable electrode materials are molybbenum, tungsten, thoriated tungsten, and tungsten mixed with metals such as thorium,' aluminum, and barium to provide a lower work function than tungsten.
  • tungsten is an electrode material that is suitable for the anode and cathode because of its high temperature characteristics (high melting temperature).
  • Barium aluminate may be added to the tungsten to improve the electrical characteristics of those of the electrodes as barium aluminate increases the emissivity of electrodes.
  • the first electrode 10 includes an axial passage that includes an. opening 16.
  • the first electrode 10 serves as the conduit for evacuating the enclosure and filling it with an ionizable atmosphere.
  • the second electrode is mounted through the second base 2, ex tends into the enclosure and terminates in an are discharge surface 21.
  • the second base 2 extends along the central axis of the enclosure through sleeve 3 that receives the electrode 20.
  • the sleeve 3 maintains the electrode 20 substantially along the central axis of the enclosure and in alignment with the axis of the other electrode 10, while permitting axial movement of the electrode 20 with respect to the electrode 10.
  • the sleeve 3 is positioned by inner plate 31 which prevents the sleeve 3 and base 2 from falling into the enclosure during the assembly procedure.
  • the movable electrode 20 permits the spacing, between the arc discharge surfaces ll, 21 between the electrodes 10 and 20, to be accomplished after the enclosure is fabricated but before the enclosure is filled with an ionizable atmosphere and the enclosure hermetically sealed.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional viewof the spark gap discharge device shown in FIG. 1 taken along lines 11-".
  • This figure illustrates the generally cylindrical shape of the tubing 5 and how the electrode 10 is mounted along the central axis of the tubing 5.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a spark gap discharge device that is completely assembled and ready for operation.
  • the device shown in FIG. 3 has been hermetically sealed and the spacing between the discharge surfaces 11, 21 of the electrodes 10 and 20 has been fixed.
  • the spacing between the electrodes 10 and 20 has been fixed by crimping tube 3 at point 32 to the electrode 20 to prevent movement of electrode 20.
  • the tube 3 and electrode 20 are then hermetically-sealed by soldering or silveralloy brazing 33.
  • electrode 10 is then crimped at 12 and soldered or silver-alloy brazed at the end 13 to produce a hermetically sealed joint.
  • FIG. 4 is an end view of the spark gap discharge apparatus shown in FIG. 3 which illustrates that electrode 10 is arranged along the central axis of the tube 5.
  • FIG. 5 is an alternate embodiment of one end portion of a spark gap discharge device shown in FIG. 1.
  • the sleeve 3 is made integral with plate 31 and extends from one end of the device from below the base 2.
  • a glass washer 2 preferably comprised of a borosilicate, is placed over the metal tubing 3 and plate 31 and sealed to the conduit 3 and tubing 5 by raising the temperature of the glass until it melts and forms a hermetic seal.
  • a preferred method of fabrication would be accomplished as follows: All of the components of a spark gap discharge apparatus are fabricated into the assembly shown in FIG. 1. The glass bases 1 and 2, are heated to a high temperature to melt the glass and establish a seal between the tube 5 and the bases 1 and 2 and electrode 10 and sleeve 3. The assembly is then stored until a requirement comes for a spark gap discharge device having a particular breakdown voltage. Upon receipt of a request for spark gap discharge devices each having various breakdown voltages, the devices are assembled into operational device as follows: First, the enclosure is purged of any undesirable gases and moisture by a flushing with either dry air or argon.
  • the gap spacing is then adjusted by axially moving electrode 20 into contact with electrode 10 and then axially backing off electrode 20 to the desired spacing between the discharge surfaces 11 and 21.
  • the desired spacing may be checked by attaching an electrical instrument to the electrodes that establishes a voltage below the breakdown potential required. The voltage is then increased until there is a breakdown of the potential between the two electrodes. This breakdown should correspond to the breakdown voltage desired by setting the gap. If it does not, the electrode 20 may be moved closer or further away from electrode 10 depending on the voltage at which the breakdown occurs. Once the proper voltage breakdown is obtained by properly spacing the electrodes, electrode 20 is made immovable by crimping the sleeve 3 to the electrode 20.
  • the sleeve 3 is soldered or silver-alloy brazed to the electrode 20 to seal this end of the enclosure.
  • the only remaining opening to the inside of the enclosure is through the passage 15 in electrode 10 that terminates in opening 16 within the enclosure.
  • the final step in making the tubeopera'tional is to fill the enclosure with a; predetermined gas and to a predetermined pressure or vacuum level.
  • the final step is sealing off the passage by crimping one end of the electrode 10 and soldering or silver-alloy brazing the walls of the electrode 10 together to produce a sealed joint.
  • the final result is a hermetically sealed spark electrode discharge apparatus.
  • the spark gap discharge device will operate as follows: When the voltage across the spark gap discharge device reaches the breakdown potential, an electric arc is initiated between electrodes 10 and 20.
  • the value of the voltage breakdown necessary to initiate the discharge is a function of the voltage between the electrodes, the electrode materials, the spacing between the electrodes, the gas in the enclosure, and the pressure of the gas within the enclosure.
  • a spark gap apparatus comprising:
  • a second base comprised of glass mounted at the other end of said tube and forming with said first base and said tube an enclosure;
  • first electrode mounted to said first base and extending into said enclosure along said central axis, said first electrode having a free end portion that includes an arc discharge surface
  • a metal plate disposed inside of and transverse to the central axis of said tube, said metal plate being in contact with an annular portion of said second base and an annular portion of said tube;
  • a second electrode mounted through said sleeve and said metal plate and extending into said enclosure along said central axis, said second electrode having a free end portion that includes an arc discharge surface which is spaced from and faces the arc discharge surface of said first electrode, said second electrode electrically isolated from said first electrode.
  • the spark gap apparatus recited in claim 1 including:
  • said first electrode has a passage therein along said central axis, one end of said first electrode passage terminating outside of said enclosure and an opening in another portion of said electrode that communicates with said first electrode passage and the inside of said enclosure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
US433943A 1974-01-16 1974-01-16 Two electrode spark gap apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3906273A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US433943A US3906273A (en) 1974-01-16 1974-01-16 Two electrode spark gap apparatus
IT30942/74A IT1027983B (it) 1974-01-16 1974-12-23 Dispositivo spinterometro e metodo di costruzione dello stesso
DE19742461186 DE2461186A1 (de) 1974-01-16 1974-12-23 Funkenentladungsgeraet mit zwei elektroden
IT30941/74A IT1027982B (it) 1974-01-16 1974-12-23 Lega metallica ferrosa perticalrmente lega refrattaria avedispositivo spinterometro e metodo di costruzione dello stnte elevate caratteristiche di resistenza alla corrosione esso e peccanica
GB81/75A GB1484531A (en) 1974-01-16 1975-01-02 Spark gap
JP50005030A JPS50101738A (no) 1974-01-16 1975-01-10
FR7501072A FR2258021B1 (no) 1974-01-16 1975-01-15

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US433943A US3906273A (en) 1974-01-16 1974-01-16 Two electrode spark gap apparatus

Publications (1)

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US3906273A true US3906273A (en) 1975-09-16

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US433943A Expired - Lifetime US3906273A (en) 1974-01-16 1974-01-16 Two electrode spark gap apparatus

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3906273A (no)
JP (1) JPS50101738A (no)
DE (1) DE2461186A1 (no)
FR (1) FR2258021B1 (no)
GB (1) GB1484531A (no)
IT (2) IT1027983B (no)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4065691A (en) * 1976-12-06 1977-12-27 General Electric Company Ceramic lamp having electrodes supported by crimped tubular inlead
US4967303A (en) * 1989-05-15 1990-10-30 Mcneil (Ohio) Corporation Surge suppression system for submersible electrical motors
US4987341A (en) * 1987-01-23 1991-01-22 Heimann Gmbh Flash lamp with metal coating on an outer end of an electrode thereof
US5072153A (en) * 1989-04-14 1991-12-10 West Electric Company, Ltd Discharge tube for ignition apparatus
US6661168B1 (en) 2000-05-05 2003-12-09 Illumination Technology, Inc. Low voltage incandescent lamp with dual envelope
US20060098359A1 (en) * 2004-11-09 2006-05-11 Jack Bevington Surge-suppression system for submersible electric motors
WO2012011995A3 (en) * 2010-04-26 2012-04-12 Schlumberger Canada Limited Spark gap isolated, rf safe, primary explosive detonator for downhole applications
CN109686202A (zh) * 2019-01-17 2019-04-26 楼志刚 一种安全性高的电火花实验仪

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2445450A1 (fr) * 1978-12-26 1980-07-25 Bordelles Christian Convertisseur d'allumage par eclateurs en cascades
DE3401367A1 (de) * 1984-01-17 1985-07-25 Elektrowerk Mündersbach GmbH, 5419 Mündersbach Verfahren zum herstellen einer in einem gehaeuse gasdicht gekapselten funkenstrecke
JP5316020B2 (ja) 2009-01-24 2013-10-16 三菱マテリアル株式会社 サージアブソーバ
DK3229253T3 (da) * 2014-12-01 2019-10-28 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Kredsløbsafslutningsindretning og kredsløbsafslutningssystem

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3363134A (en) * 1965-12-08 1968-01-09 Gen Electric Arc discharge lamp having polycrystalline ceramic arc tube
US3513516A (en) * 1965-03-16 1970-05-26 Signalite Inc Adjustable electrode spark gap assembly
US3562574A (en) * 1968-07-25 1971-02-09 Henry J Wesoloski Articles plated with or comprised of silver-palladium alloys

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3513516A (en) * 1965-03-16 1970-05-26 Signalite Inc Adjustable electrode spark gap assembly
US3363134A (en) * 1965-12-08 1968-01-09 Gen Electric Arc discharge lamp having polycrystalline ceramic arc tube
US3562574A (en) * 1968-07-25 1971-02-09 Henry J Wesoloski Articles plated with or comprised of silver-palladium alloys

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4065691A (en) * 1976-12-06 1977-12-27 General Electric Company Ceramic lamp having electrodes supported by crimped tubular inlead
US4987341A (en) * 1987-01-23 1991-01-22 Heimann Gmbh Flash lamp with metal coating on an outer end of an electrode thereof
US5072153A (en) * 1989-04-14 1991-12-10 West Electric Company, Ltd Discharge tube for ignition apparatus
US4967303A (en) * 1989-05-15 1990-10-30 Mcneil (Ohio) Corporation Surge suppression system for submersible electrical motors
US6661168B1 (en) 2000-05-05 2003-12-09 Illumination Technology, Inc. Low voltage incandescent lamp with dual envelope
US20060098359A1 (en) * 2004-11-09 2006-05-11 Jack Bevington Surge-suppression system for submersible electric motors
WO2012011995A3 (en) * 2010-04-26 2012-04-12 Schlumberger Canada Limited Spark gap isolated, rf safe, primary explosive detonator for downhole applications
US8601948B2 (en) 2010-04-26 2013-12-10 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Spark gap isolated, RF safe, primary explosive detonator for downhole applications
CN109686202A (zh) * 2019-01-17 2019-04-26 楼志刚 一种安全性高的电火花实验仪

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1484531A (en) 1977-09-01
DE2461186A1 (de) 1975-07-17
FR2258021B1 (no) 1977-07-01
IT1027983B (it) 1978-12-20
JPS50101738A (no) 1975-08-12
IT1027982B (it) 1978-12-20
FR2258021A1 (no) 1975-08-08

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