US3905745A - Method of preventing formation of harmful combustion gases in combustion furnace - Google Patents

Method of preventing formation of harmful combustion gases in combustion furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
US3905745A
US3905745A US425621A US42562173A US3905745A US 3905745 A US3905745 A US 3905745A US 425621 A US425621 A US 425621A US 42562173 A US42562173 A US 42562173A US 3905745 A US3905745 A US 3905745A
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United States
Prior art keywords
combustion
fuel
oxygen
furnace
atmosphere
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Expired - Lifetime
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US425621A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kichiro Konda
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Denyo Kagaku Kogyo KK
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Denyo Kagaku Kogyo KK
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B47/00—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps
    • F04B47/06—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps having motor-pump units situated at great depth
    • F04B47/08—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps having motor-pump units situated at great depth the motors being actuated by fluid
    • F04B47/10—Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps having motor-pump units situated at great depth the motors being actuated by fluid the units or parts thereof being liftable to ground level by fluid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
    • F02B47/04—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being other than water or steam only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B47/00—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines
    • F02B47/04—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being other than water or steam only
    • F02B47/08—Methods of operating engines involving adding non-fuel substances or anti-knock agents to combustion air, fuel, or fuel-air mixtures of engines the substances being other than water or steam only the substances including exhaust gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2700/00—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel
    • F23B2700/023—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel with various arrangements not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07001—Injecting synthetic air, i.e. a combustion supporting mixture made of pure oxygen and an inert gas, e.g. nitrogen or recycled fumes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for considerably reducing the amounts of the noxious combustion constituents of the exhaust gases ejected into the atmosphere from combustion chambers of various kinds.
  • combustion fumaces in which coal, coke, petroleum, gas, etc. is burned, are' widely used in the smelting and processing of iron and steel and various other metals, the manufacturing of gases, cokes, cement, glass, etc. and many other industrial fields.
  • the exhaust gases emitted to the atmosphere from these combustion furnaces include harmful substances such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (I-ICs) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and increasingly strict control of the emission of these harmful gases has been demanded as the problem of socalled environmental sanitation.
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • I-ICs hydrocarbons
  • NOx oxides of nitrogen
  • no industrially suitable effective measure for controlling these harmful gases, particularly nitrogen oxides has been developed and in the present circumstances, therefore, the operation of such combustion furnaces must be cut in case of emergency.
  • harmful combustion products e.g., carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides
  • a mixture of oxygen and either an inert gas, except nitrogen, or the exhaust gas emitted from a combustion chamber is supplied into the combustion chamber in place of practically the whole quantity of the air to be supplied to the combustion chamber, thereby preventing the production of nitrogen oxides (NOx) during the combustion of the fuel in the combustion chamber.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing one form of the apparatus for performing the method of this invention, wherein a mixture of oxygen and either an inert gas or the exhaust from a combustion chamber is supplied into the combustion chamber.
  • a combustion furnace 201 is of the ordinary type and it has a substantially closed combustion chamber 202.
  • a heating unit 203 is placed within the combustion chamber 202.
  • the combustion furnace 201 is provided with a fuel supply port 204, a mixture supply port 205 and an exhaust port 206 which are arranged at suitable positions.
  • a fuel such as petroleum, gas or pulverized coal is 'supplied from a fuel source (not shown) to the fuelsupply port 204 by way of a pipe line 221 provided with a valve 21 1. If coal or coke in pulverized or massive form is employed as fuel, a suitable fuel supply system may be provided.
  • the mixture supply port 205 is connected to an oxygen source 230 through a pipe line 222 having a valve 212 and it is also connected to an inert gas source 231 through a pipe line 223 having a valve 213.
  • the oxygen source 230 includes an oxygen storage means such as a high pressure oxygen bomb or low pressure oxygen container, or it may comprise an oxygen generator having a storage means and pressure means so that a predetermined amount of oxygen is supplied.
  • the inert gas source 231 includes an inert gas storage means such as a high pressure inert gas bomb or low pressure inert gas container or it may comprise an inert gas producer hav ing a storage means and pressure means so that a predetermined amount of inert gas is supplied.
  • the inert gas should preferably be carbon dioxide gas, any other rare gas such as xenon, argon, neon or helium or a mixture of more than two of these inert gases may also be used. However, such an inert gas as nitrogen gas that will produce harmful gases when subjected to elevated temperatures along with the fuel and oxygen should not be used. Further, while the oxygen and inert gas may be stored in liquid form, they should be vaporized and, if necessary, they should be preheated before they are supplied into the combustion chamber.
  • the exhaust port 206 is connected to the mixture supply port 205 through a pipe line 224 provided with a valve 214 and it also communicates with the atmosphere through a pipe line 225 provided with a valve 215.
  • the mixture supply port 205 communicates with the atmosphere through a pipe line 226 provided with a valve 216.
  • a flow regulating valve provided in the pipe line 221 to control the quantity of fuel supply
  • a flow regulating valve provided in the pipe line 222 to control the quantity of oxygen supply in accordance with the quantity of fuel supplied
  • a flow regulating valve provided in the pipe line 223 to control the quantity of inert gas supply in accordance with the quantity of oxygen supplied
  • a temperature detecting means and a pressure detecting means provided in each of the pipe lines 222, 223 and 221 for detecting the temperature and pressure of the gas flowing therethrough
  • a control circuit comprising operators, etc., for supplying control signals to each of the flow regulating valves in accordance withthe detected temperature and pressure, an air blower.
  • the combustion furnace 201 may consist of an indirect heating furnace or any oneof many different types of combustion furnaces.
  • the valve 216 is normally kept in the closed condition and it is opened temporarily only when it is impossible to supply a sufficient quantity of the oxygen from the oxygen source 230, but the continued combustion is required.
  • valves 211 and 214 are-closed and then the valves 212, 213 and 215 are opened to substitute the mixture for the air in the combustion furnace 201. Thereafter, the valves 211 and 212 are opened to supply the fuel and the inert gas con- ,taining the proper quantity of the oxygen corresponding to the fuel quantity supplied, i.e., the mixture into the combustion chamber 202.
  • the fuel is almost completely burned in the combustion chamber 202, and since no nitrogen .is supplied, the amounts of harmful substances contained in the exhaust gases emitted through the pipe line 225 are reduced considerably as compared with the conventional apparatus where the air is used.
  • valve 214 is opened and the valve 213 is closed while suitably decreasing the opening of the valve 215 to recirculate the exhaust to be supplied into the combustion chamber 202 in place of the inert gas, substantially complete combustion takes place as previously described and thus the exhaust gases emitted through the pipe line 225 contain very small quantities of the harmful substances.
  • the air in the combustion chamber 202 is replaced with the inert gas or the inert gas containing the proper quantity of the 'oxygen during the starting period, thereafter the whole or part of the inert gas may be replaced with the recirculating exhaust with the result that the heat loss decreases as the proportion of the exhaust gas increases and moreover a saving in the inert gas consumption may be ensured.
  • the fuel used was a commercially available petroleum and the percentage (weight percentage) of the O in the mixture was gradually changed from 5 to 30 percent with the remainder being CO or the exhaust. After the combustion conditions and the furnace temperatures became practically stable, the relative percentages of the contents of the harmful constituents, i.e., nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide .(CO and hydrocarbons (HCs) in the exhaust gases and the furnace temperatures were measured. As shown in case B in the table, when the air was used, the percentages of the NOx, CO and HC. contents were 25,000, 8,500 and 1,500 ppm, respectively.
  • NOx nitrogen oxides
  • CO carbon monoxide .(CO)
  • HCs hydrocarbons
  • the required furnace .temperature may be ensured and in this case the percentages of the NOx, CO and HC contents may be considerably reduced to about l/2 50, 1/6.4 and 1/5, respectively, as compared to those obtained when the air was used.
  • Table 2 shows by way-of example the results of the similar tests conducted using a boiler having a fire bed area of about 10 m as a combustion furnace and a commercially available petroleum as fuel. It was confirmed that the results of the tests showed practically the same tendency withthe results of the tests of Table 1, although some slight differences were noted in the relative percentages of the harmful emissions due to the relatively lower furnace temperatures. It is selfevident that the particularly noticeable reductions in the percentages of the NOx contents are attributable to the elimination of the use'of air in both cases.
  • the present invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments described hereinafter, but is applicable within the principles enunciated herein to various kinds of combustion furnaces.
  • said inert gas comprises at least one of the gases selected from the group consisting of helium, argon, neon, xenon and carbon dioxide.
  • the im provement which comprises combusting said fuel in an atmosphere which is substantially free of chemically uncombined nitrogen so as to reduce the quantities of harmful combustion constituents in the exhaust gases generated during combustion of said fuel, said atmosphere comprising a maximum of approximately 20 percent by weight of oxygen.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
US425621A 1973-07-31 1973-12-17 Method of preventing formation of harmful combustion gases in combustion furnace Expired - Lifetime US3905745A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP48086145A JPS5033525A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-07-31 1973-07-31

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4097217A (en) * 1976-12-09 1978-06-27 The Keller Corporation Method for converting combustor from hydrocarbonaceous fuel to carbonaceous fuel
EP0072630A1 (en) * 1981-07-21 1983-02-23 Osaka Gas Co., Ltd Combustion apparatus
EP0054941A3 (en) * 1980-12-19 1983-10-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Oxygen enriched gas supply arrangement for combustion
EP0059412A3 (de) * 1981-02-24 1983-11-16 Johannes Albertz Verfahren zur Verbrennung gasförmiger Brennstoffe
US4493635A (en) * 1982-02-27 1985-01-15 Osaka Gas Company Limited Oxygen-enriched air ratio control device for combustion apparatus
US4546878A (en) * 1982-02-27 1985-10-15 Schmale Gmbh & Co., Kg Band of latch assemblies
US5674064A (en) * 1993-08-31 1997-10-07 Praxair Technology, Inc. Combustion using argon with oxygen
US5906806A (en) * 1996-10-16 1999-05-25 Clark; Steve L. Reduced emission combustion process with resource conservation and recovery options "ZEROS" zero-emission energy recycling oxidation system
EP0892214A3 (de) * 1997-07-18 1999-09-22 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben von Gasbrennern
US6126440A (en) * 1996-05-09 2000-10-03 Frazier-Simplex, Inc. Synthetic air assembly for oxy-fuel fired furnaces
US6137026A (en) * 1997-05-28 2000-10-24 Clark; Steve L. Zeros bio-dynamics a zero-emission non-thermal process for cleaning hydrocarbon from soils zeros bio-dynamics
US6688318B1 (en) 1996-10-16 2004-02-10 Steve L. Clark Process for cleaning hydrocarbons from soils
US20040134517A1 (en) * 1996-10-16 2004-07-15 Clark Steve L. Process for cleaning hydrocarbons from soils
WO2004081446A3 (en) * 2003-03-06 2004-12-09 Bp Corp North America Inc A method for combusting fuel in a fired heater
US20080078122A1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2008-04-03 Clark Steve L Reduced-emission gasification and oxidation of hydrocarbon materials for hydrogen and oxygen extraction
US20080184621A1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2008-08-07 Clark Steve L Reduced-emission gasification and oxidation of hydrocarbon materials for power generation
US20080275278A1 (en) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-06 Clark Steve L Reduced-Emission Gasification and Oxidation of Hydrocarbon Materials for Liquid Fuel Production

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS52131226A (en) * 1976-04-27 1977-11-04 Nippon Steel Corp Combustion method at nox generation control fuel furnace

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2417835A (en) * 1936-09-25 1947-03-25 Harry H Moore Combustion device
US3146821A (en) * 1960-08-29 1964-09-01 Fred H Wuetig Method of and apparatus for governing the operation of furnaces
US3730668A (en) * 1971-03-03 1973-05-01 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Combustion method of gas burners for suppressing the formation of nitrogen oxides and burner apparatus for practicing said method
US3746498A (en) * 1972-01-24 1973-07-17 Combustion Eng Reducing no{11 {11 emissions by additive injection

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2417835A (en) * 1936-09-25 1947-03-25 Harry H Moore Combustion device
US3146821A (en) * 1960-08-29 1964-09-01 Fred H Wuetig Method of and apparatus for governing the operation of furnaces
US3730668A (en) * 1971-03-03 1973-05-01 Tokyo Gas Co Ltd Combustion method of gas burners for suppressing the formation of nitrogen oxides and burner apparatus for practicing said method
US3746498A (en) * 1972-01-24 1973-07-17 Combustion Eng Reducing no{11 {11 emissions by additive injection

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4097217A (en) * 1976-12-09 1978-06-27 The Keller Corporation Method for converting combustor from hydrocarbonaceous fuel to carbonaceous fuel
EP0054941A3 (en) * 1980-12-19 1983-10-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Oxygen enriched gas supply arrangement for combustion
EP0059412A3 (de) * 1981-02-24 1983-11-16 Johannes Albertz Verfahren zur Verbrennung gasförmiger Brennstoffe
EP0072630A1 (en) * 1981-07-21 1983-02-23 Osaka Gas Co., Ltd Combustion apparatus
US4493635A (en) * 1982-02-27 1985-01-15 Osaka Gas Company Limited Oxygen-enriched air ratio control device for combustion apparatus
US4546878A (en) * 1982-02-27 1985-10-15 Schmale Gmbh & Co., Kg Band of latch assemblies
US5674064A (en) * 1993-08-31 1997-10-07 Praxair Technology, Inc. Combustion using argon with oxygen
US6126440A (en) * 1996-05-09 2000-10-03 Frazier-Simplex, Inc. Synthetic air assembly for oxy-fuel fired furnaces
US6119606A (en) * 1996-10-16 2000-09-19 M. Ltd. Reduced emission combustion process
US7338563B2 (en) 1996-10-16 2008-03-04 Clark Steve L Process for cleaning hydrocarbons from soils
US5906806A (en) * 1996-10-16 1999-05-25 Clark; Steve L. Reduced emission combustion process with resource conservation and recovery options "ZEROS" zero-emission energy recycling oxidation system
US6688318B1 (en) 1996-10-16 2004-02-10 Steve L. Clark Process for cleaning hydrocarbons from soils
US20040134517A1 (en) * 1996-10-16 2004-07-15 Clark Steve L. Process for cleaning hydrocarbons from soils
US6024029A (en) * 1996-10-16 2000-02-15 Clark Steve L Reduced emission combustion system
US6137026A (en) * 1997-05-28 2000-10-24 Clark; Steve L. Zeros bio-dynamics a zero-emission non-thermal process for cleaning hydrocarbon from soils zeros bio-dynamics
EP0892214A3 (de) * 1997-07-18 1999-09-22 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben von Gasbrennern
WO2004081446A3 (en) * 2003-03-06 2004-12-09 Bp Corp North America Inc A method for combusting fuel in a fired heater
US20080078122A1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2008-04-03 Clark Steve L Reduced-emission gasification and oxidation of hydrocarbon materials for hydrogen and oxygen extraction
US20080184621A1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2008-08-07 Clark Steve L Reduced-emission gasification and oxidation of hydrocarbon materials for power generation
US7833296B2 (en) 2006-10-02 2010-11-16 Clark Steve L Reduced-emission gasification and oxidation of hydrocarbon materials for power generation
US8038744B2 (en) 2006-10-02 2011-10-18 Clark Steve L Reduced-emission gasification and oxidation of hydrocarbon materials for hydrogen and oxygen extraction
US20080275278A1 (en) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-06 Clark Steve L Reduced-Emission Gasification and Oxidation of Hydrocarbon Materials for Liquid Fuel Production
US8038746B2 (en) 2007-05-04 2011-10-18 Clark Steve L Reduced-emission gasification and oxidation of hydrocarbon materials for liquid fuel production

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Publication number Publication date
JPS5033525A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-03-31

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