US3905362A - Volume-rate respirator system and method - Google Patents

Volume-rate respirator system and method Download PDF

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Publication number
US3905362A
US3905362A US402677A US40267773A US3905362A US 3905362 A US3905362 A US 3905362A US 402677 A US402677 A US 402677A US 40267773 A US40267773 A US 40267773A US 3905362 A US3905362 A US 3905362A
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Prior art keywords
patient
control
valve
breathing
further including
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Expired - Lifetime
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US402677A
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Theodore B Eyrick
Allen C Brown
Neil R Hattes
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Allied Healthcare Products Inc
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Chemetron Corp
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Priority to US402677A priority Critical patent/US3905362A/en
Priority to CA209,894A priority patent/CA1007950A/en
Priority to DE2446281A priority patent/DE2446281C3/de
Priority to GB42473/74A priority patent/GB1489562A/en
Priority to JP49114275A priority patent/JPS5230793B2/ja
Priority to BR8167/74A priority patent/BR7408167A/pt
Priority to US05/545,287 priority patent/US4182599A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3905362A publication Critical patent/US3905362A/en
Assigned to ALLIED HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS, INC. reassignment ALLIED HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS, INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE 12-19-79 Assignors: CHEMETRON-MEDICAL PRODUCTS, INC.
Assigned to BANCBOSTON FINANCIAL COMPANY (THE LENDER) reassignment BANCBOSTON FINANCIAL COMPANY (THE LENDER) SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ALLIED HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS, INC. A CORP. OF DE.
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Assigned to ALLIED HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS, INC. reassignment ALLIED HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS, INC. RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BANE BOSTON FINANCIAL COMPANY
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M16/0009—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with sub-atmospheric pressure, e.g. during expiration
    • A61M16/0012—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure with sub-atmospheric pressure, e.g. during expiration by Venturi means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0051—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes with alarm devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/021—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes operated by electrical means
    • A61M16/022—Control means therefor
    • A61M16/024—Control means therefor including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/08—Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
    • A61M16/0816—Joints or connectors
    • A61M16/0841—Joints or connectors for sampling
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0057—Pumps therefor
    • A61M16/0072—Tidal volume piston pumps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/105—Filters
    • A61M16/1055—Filters bacterial
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/105—Filters
    • A61M16/106—Filters in a path
    • A61M16/107—Filters in a path in the inspiratory path
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0003—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure
    • A61M2016/0027—Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure pressure meter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/1005—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours with O2 features or with parameter measurement
    • A61M2016/102—Measuring a parameter of the content of the delivered gas
    • A61M2016/1025—Measuring a parameter of the content of the delivered gas the O2 concentration

Definitions

  • VALVE PUMP volume of breathing gas to a patient at limited positive pressures, and at a preselected limited flow rate is disclosed.
  • the system includes an air delivery cylinder having a drive weight which is free to move up and down.
  • a diaphragm connected to the weight divides the cylinder, into an upper control chamber and a lower delivery chamber.
  • a vacuum source is connected to the control chamber through a first solenoid-controlled valve to regulate the lifting of the weight, and a second solenoid-controlled valve regulates the bleeding of air into the control chamber to release and regulate the rate of fall of the weight, thereby driving breathing gas under pressure out of the lower chamber.
  • a control system regulates the lift and lower cycles of the drive weight to provide the required operation of the system, with various sensors being provided to allow patient control of the system under selected conditions, and to assure patient safety.
  • the control system incorporates, among other things, means for providing a variable inspiratory-expiratory ratio, for permitting patient assisted breathing, for mixing oxygen with air or anesthetic gases, for periodically altering the breathing pattern, for permitting selection of positive or negative end expiratory pressure, for allowing selection of the breathing waveform, and for providing accurate displays of essential parameters.
  • PATENTEB SEP I 6 I975 SHEET mww wow @2 h 6528 J8 m3 gm E5 m M305 mmmomm oww omm
  • the present invention relates, in general, to respiration systems, and more particularly to such a system which inherently provides a safe, reliable operation and which is easily controlled, highly flexible, and capable of a great variety of operational modes which permit a wide choice of functions for maximum effectiveness in use.
  • respirators The basic types of respirators are well known, having been in clinical use for many years and often discussed, both as to advantages and shortcomings, in the technical literature. Some of the respirators now in use are described by W. W. Mushin, L. Rendell-Baker, P. W. Thompson and W. W. Mapleson in their book Automatic Ventilation f the Lungs, 2nd Ed., F. A. Davis Co., Philadelphia, Pa. (1969), and by W. T. Heironimus in Mechanical Artificial Ventilation, C. C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois 1967), as well as in other publications.
  • respirator devices can be classified by the parameter which controls the cycling of the machine: pressure, time, or volume of gas, and many currently available machines can be so classified.
  • a pressure-cycling machine allows air to be delivered to a patient until a preset pressure is reached, at which time the control system closes the valve controlling air flow.
  • a disadvantage of the pressure-cycled machine is that it will deliver varying quantities (tidal volumes) of air when the pulmonary back pressure or the compliance of the system changes. This requires that the ventilation be very closely monitored to insure that the gas level of the blood does not fall outside desired limits.
  • such systems have relatively low pressure ca pabilities and present problems in controlling the amount of oxygen delivered to the patient.
  • a time-cycled machine sets the time for inspiration and expiration, so that the volume of air actually delivered becomes a function of flow rate. Since the flow is limited by pulmonary resistance, changes in this factor leads to variations in the volume delivered. Most such systems also have relatively low peak pressures.
  • Volume-controlled machines provide a relatively constant tidal volume delivery, except, under very high pulmonary resistance conditions, where losses due to the compressibility of the gas becomes a factor. These devices generally have high pressure and flow capability, but may be limited in the particular features made available in a given machine. Although volumecontrolled machines provide the advantage of delivering a desired quantity of air on each cycle, the utilization of this concept has not been without problems in prior art machines. For example, in a volumecontrolled machine it is essential that the measurement of volume be very accurate to insure that the machine functions properly.
  • volumecontrolled systems Another difficulty encountered with volumecontrolled systems is the likelihood of encountering excessive pressures, and such systems thus can produce a considerable safety problem.
  • a gas delivery machine is arranged to sense and be controlled by the volume of gas being delivered, high pressures can appear, and it then becomes necessary to provide often complex sensing and control systems to guard against injuring the patient.
  • dangerous pressures can be produced is a safety hazard in itself, for failure of the control system can result in damage.
  • pressure relief valves are commonly used in such systems to regulate the maximum pressure that can exist; but the operational characteristics of such valves can change over a period of time, and if one should fail at the wrong time, a patient could be injured.
  • a be]- lows or other air container which will receive the gas to be delivered to the patient.
  • the container is then compressed mechanically or pneumatically to discharge the air to the patient when the inhalation portion of a breathing cycle is reached.
  • it is customary to fill the container to its maximum volume prior to inhalation, and to then terminate the discharge when the desired volume has been delivered.
  • a real danger exists with this arrangement, however, for if the control system should fail during the discharge stroke, the full volume of air the machine is capable of delivering can be discharged into the patients lungs, and can do irreparable harm.
  • a volume controlled system which relies on sensing the delivered volume and controlling the end point of the delivery stroke may also be inaccurate because of the overshoot that will occur after the stop signal has been given. Inertia within the mechanical delivery apparatus and lost motion in the controls may result in the mechanism moving past the desired stop point, and this can produce an inaccuracy in the delivery of the breathing gas.
  • respirator or ventilator devices have been satisfactory, nevertheless, they have been too inflexible and have not been capable of safely meeting the needs of various patients in various circumstances.
  • a patient whose breathing has been machine controlled for an extended period becomes dependent upon the machine, and cannot breathe without it.
  • Such a patient must be gradually withdrawn from the machine, and thus flexibility in operation to allow shifting from machine to patient controlled breathing is high desirable.
  • a respirator system which is mechanically arranged and electrically controlled to produce an accurate and repeatable delivery of a preselected limited volume of breathing gas to a patient at limited positive pressures and at preselected limited flow rates.
  • the system responds to a variety of sensed parameters to regulate the respirator apparatus and provide total and adjustable control of the breathing gas supplied to a patient, in accordance with the desires of the operator.
  • This is accomplished through an air delivery unit which comprises a vertically positioned cylindrical housing containing an axially extending hollow shaft which forms a guide for a movable weight that is mounted, by means of suitable bearings, on the shaft.
  • a follower chain extends through the hollow central shaft and is attached to the weight and to an external potentiometer, whereby motion of the weight within the housing causes a corresponding variation in the output of the potentiometer to provide an indication of the exact position of the weight within the cylinder.
  • a rolling diaphram seals the circumference of the sliding weight to the inner surface of the cylindrical housing into an upper and lower chamber. The chambers are sealed from the central shaft by means of upper and lower bellows which surround the shaft and are secured between the sliding weight and the upper and lower ends of the housing.
  • a vacuum pump is connected to the upper chamber through a solenoid-operated control valve, while the lower chamber is opened through an inlet check valve to a supply of breathing gas and through an outlet check valve to the patients lungs, the valves serving to insure the proper direction of flow.
  • Application of a vacuum to the upper chamber allows the breathing gas, which is at approximately atmospheric pressure, to enter the lower chamber and lift the sliding weight upwardly to a preselected position, the breathing gas filling the expanding lower chamber.
  • the location of the weight is monitored by the potentiometer so that when it approaches the desired level, corresponding to a desired volume of gas in the lower chamber, the vacuum control valve can be closed.
  • the breathing gas may be atmospheric air, oxygen, an anesthetic breathing gas mixture, or a combination of those in accordance with the needs of the patient.
  • a bleeder valve which is variable to allow the vacuum in the upper chamber to be relieved at a predetermined maximum rate. This allows the weight to move downwardly under the force of gravity to compress the lower chamber and force breathing gas out of its outlet at a rate limited by the setting of the bleeder valve, and by the back pressure produced in the lower chamber.
  • a conventional breathing manifold which may be connected to a mask or inserted tube, for supplying breathing gas to a patient in accordance with a preselected, adjustable breathing cycle.
  • the weight is lifted to the preselected volume location in readiness for the next breathing cycle, and is held in that location until the control system calls for the delivery of air.
  • a breathing cycle includes an inspiration mode, or phase, when the patient inhales or is caused to inhale by the respirator, an expiration mode, when the patient exhales, and an inflation hold mode, which occurs between inspiration and expiration, when the patient is in effect holding his breath.
  • the time relationship of these three modes may be referred to as the breath waveform, and in the present system this waveform may be adjusted to provide the required breathing pattern for the patient.
  • the inspiration mode which is at the start of a breathing cycle
  • the cylinder is operated to deliver breathing gas at a rate, volume, and pressure that is determined by the breath waveform and the setting of the machine controls.
  • the cylinder drive weight returns to its upper position and a check valve is closed to prevent exhaled gas from returning to the cylinder.
  • the exhalation mode occurs when an expiration path is opened through the conventional breathing manifold to atmosphere.
  • a flow of air is generated through a venturi arrangement which then serves to draw air out of the patients lungs.
  • peep positive end expiratory pressure
  • the expiration balloon valve within the conventional breathing manifold is cycled to maintain the preselected level of positive end expiratory pressure.
  • the system is controlled by a circuit which effects the energization of the various solenoid-operated valves in accordance with the condition of the patient, of the respirator itself, or in accordance with the values of adjustable controls and sensors.
  • adjustable controls and sensors are photosensors which respond to the system pressure at predetermined locations to operate the solenoids in accordance with a preset pattern or in response to emergency conditions.
  • the system is operable on a fully controlled basis, wherein the patient plays a passive role and the machine produces the necessary inspiratory and expiratory breathing patterns, it is also operable on a patient demand basis, wherein activity by the patient in attempting to breath on his own overrides the preset rate control.
  • the activity of the patient in trying to inhale during an expiratory mode may be sensed as a change in pressure within the breathing manifold; and this change may be used to override the preset rate pattern and allowthe patient to inhale before completion of the programmed exhalation.
  • the degree of patient activity required to override the system operation may be preset'by a sensitivity control which may be adjusted to provide the override at a se lected pressure level.
  • Other sensors detect low and high pressures within the system to insure proper cycling, and established limits to provide an extra measure of patient safety.
  • the operation of the system is carriedout by means of a logic which responds to the various sensors and control switches to provided output signals which serve to activate or deactivate corresponding solenoid valves, indicator lights, alarms, and the like.
  • the logic control circuitry of the system may be roughly divided into three general functions; basic control, power, and alarm and volume control.
  • the basic control circuit regulates the normal cycling rate of the machine and the aborting of a cycle in response to an alarm or an override caused by patient demand.
  • the control also responds to an exhale assist signal and permits manual as well as automatic regulaction of normal and sigh cycles.
  • the normal cycling of the machine is under the control of an astable multivibrator within a normal rate control circuit which initiates the inspiratory mode of the machine at preset intervals to start the successive machine cycles.
  • the output pulses from the normal rate control energize a pulse generator to create an execute cycle pulse which is used in conjunction with the rate control signal to operate the system in accordance with the predetermined parameters.
  • the operation of the breathing cycle which includes the inhale, hold, and exhale modes, is automatic, unless overridden in response to monitored conditions, whereby a positive control of the breathing cycle and of the inspirationexpiration ratio is provided.
  • the power control circuitry responds to the control signals to drive the solenoid-controlled valves, provides a clearing signal for clearing the logic circuitry immediately following the start up of the system upon initial application of power, provides machine synchronization, monitors power failures and powers the audible and visual alarms for the system.
  • the alarm and volume control circuitry in the preferred embodimemt of this system monitors such machine conditions as' proper cycling of the gas delivery cylinder to insure that the full volume is being delivered, oxygen ratio in the breathing gas, pressure limits within the system, and compares the volume control setting of the machine with the rest position of the gas delivery drive weight at the end of its upstroke.
  • This circuit portion also provides condition indicators, and incorporates a ratemeter for responding to successive inhalations to provide a continuous breathing rate indication.
  • a respirator system thus constructed overcomes many difficulties encountered with prior art systems and provides a highly accurate, repeatable delivery of preselected volumes of breathing gases at preselected rates, with a high degree of safety. Because of the use of a delivery cylinder having a rolling diaphragm arrangementseparating an upper control chamber from a lower delivery chamber, a delivery chamber having a very low compliance is provided, thereby permitting accurate control of the volume of the gas being delivered to the patient, and permitting limitation of the pressure within close tolerances.
  • the cylinder is limited as to the maximum rate of flow that can be produced, thereby further improving patient safety with fewer components than are required in prior art systems.
  • the moving weight arrangement of this invention provides a simple, highly accurate, repeatable method of selecting and delivering a desired volume of breathing gas.
  • the volume of breathing gas drawn into the delivery chamber is accurately known, because of the low compliance of the chamber.
  • the location of the weight, and thus the volume of the delivery chamber is monitored prior to the delivery stroke so that if an error has occurred in the control system it can be recognized before the delivery portion of the cycle begins. Because the delivery stroke always ends adjacent to the bottom of the cylinder, discharging virtually all the air stored in the delivery chamber, only the preselected volume can be delivered.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 provide a diagramatic illustration of the respirator system of the present invention, includ ing the air delivery cylinderand accompanying pneumatic controls;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the relationship of FIGS. 1 and 2
  • FIGS. 4 through 7 provide a functional block diagram of a preferred control arrangement for the respirator system of FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the relationship of FIGS. 4-7
  • FIGS. 9 through 17 provide block diagram of the logic circuitry used in the respirator system of the present invention, corresponding to the functional diagram of FIGS. 4-7;

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
US402677A 1973-10-02 1973-10-02 Volume-rate respirator system and method Expired - Lifetime US3905362A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US402677A US3905362A (en) 1973-10-02 1973-10-02 Volume-rate respirator system and method
CA209,894A CA1007950A (en) 1973-10-02 1974-09-24 Volume rate respirator system and method
DE2446281A DE2446281C3 (de) 1973-10-02 1974-09-27 Atemgerät
JP49114275A JPS5230793B2 (enExample) 1973-10-02 1974-10-01
GB42473/74A GB1489562A (en) 1973-10-02 1974-10-01 Respirator systems
BR8167/74A BR7408167A (pt) 1973-10-02 1974-10-02 Sistema e metodo respirador
US05/545,287 US4182599A (en) 1973-10-02 1975-01-29 Volume-rate respirator system and method

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US402677A US3905362A (en) 1973-10-02 1973-10-02 Volume-rate respirator system and method

Related Child Applications (1)

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US05/545,287 Division US4182599A (en) 1973-10-02 1975-01-29 Volume-rate respirator system and method

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US3905362A true US3905362A (en) 1975-09-16

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US402677A Expired - Lifetime US3905362A (en) 1973-10-02 1973-10-02 Volume-rate respirator system and method

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US (1) US3905362A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS5230793B2 (enExample)
BR (1) BR7408167A (enExample)
CA (1) CA1007950A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2446281C3 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1489562A (enExample)

Cited By (83)

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US3961626A (en) * 1975-04-18 1976-06-08 Houchen John R Hyperbaric and underwater extrathorasic assisted breathing method and apparatus
US4020834A (en) * 1975-05-16 1977-05-03 Bird F M Respirator and method
US4036221A (en) * 1972-05-01 1977-07-19 Sutter Hospitals Medical Research Foundation Respirator
US4057059A (en) * 1975-07-29 1977-11-08 Oklahoma State University Intermittent positive pressure breathing device
US4060078A (en) * 1975-08-18 1977-11-29 Bird F M Ventilator and method
US4098272A (en) * 1975-09-25 1978-07-04 Bio-Med Devices Inc. Respirator
US4141354A (en) * 1977-03-04 1979-02-27 Aaron Ismach Ventilator system for controlling, assisting and monitoring a patient's breathing
FR2409762A1 (enExample) * 1977-11-10 1979-06-22 Airco Inc
US4206754A (en) * 1976-06-02 1980-06-10 Boc Limited Lung ventilators
US4323064A (en) * 1976-10-26 1982-04-06 Puritan-Bennett Corporation Volume ventilator
US4384576A (en) * 1981-02-13 1983-05-24 Thompson Respiration Products, Inc. Ventilator apparatus
US4459982A (en) * 1982-09-13 1984-07-17 Bear Medical Systems, Inc. Servo-controlled demand regulator for respiratory ventilator
US4747403A (en) * 1986-01-27 1988-05-31 Advanced Pulmonary Technologies, Inc. Multi-frequency jet ventilation technique and apparatus
US4813409A (en) * 1985-09-27 1989-03-21 Aaron Ismach Ventilator system having improved means for assisting and controlling a patient's breathing
US4838259A (en) * 1986-01-27 1989-06-13 Advanced Pulmonary Technologies, Inc. Multi-frequency jet ventilation technique and apparatus
US5063925A (en) * 1988-07-07 1991-11-12 Dragerwerk Aktiengesellschaft Controllable expiration valve arrangement for a ventilating apparatus
US5065746A (en) * 1988-07-07 1991-11-19 Dragerwerk Expiration valve control arrangement for a ventilating apparatus
US5070871A (en) * 1988-12-28 1991-12-10 Manicom Anthony W Anaesthetic valve for converting between Mapleson `A` and `D` systems
US5107831A (en) * 1989-06-19 1992-04-28 Bear Medical Systems, Inc. Ventilator control system using sensed inspiratory flow rate
US5161525A (en) * 1990-05-11 1992-11-10 Puritan-Bennett Corporation System and method for flow triggering of pressure supported ventilation
US5245996A (en) * 1988-12-28 1993-09-21 Manicom Anthony W Anaesthetic system valve for converting between Mapleson `A`, `D`, and `E`c
US5390666A (en) * 1990-05-11 1995-02-21 Puritan-Bennett Corporation System and method for flow triggering of breath supported ventilation
US5507282A (en) * 1993-02-05 1996-04-16 University Of Manitoba Control of airway pressure during mechanical ventilation
US5520619A (en) * 1993-05-20 1996-05-28 Ambu International A/S Adjustable cervical collar
US5588957A (en) * 1993-05-20 1996-12-31 Ambu International A/S Cervical collar
US5628305A (en) * 1995-09-27 1997-05-13 Richard J. Melker Universal ventilation device
US5797863A (en) * 1995-11-30 1998-08-25 Ambu International A/S Collapsible cervical collar
US5865173A (en) * 1995-11-06 1999-02-02 Sunrise Medical Hhg Inc. Bilevel CPAP system with waveform control for both IPAP and EPAP
US5884625A (en) * 1996-07-09 1999-03-23 Hart; William T. Oral appliance for delivering gas to the retroglossal area
US5957130A (en) * 1996-09-06 1999-09-28 Siemens Elema Ab Device for compensating for flow resistance in a ventilator/respirator
US5957133A (en) * 1997-07-21 1999-09-28 Hart; William T. Oral appliance with negative air supply for reducing sleep apnea and snoring
US5993403A (en) * 1993-05-20 1999-11-30 Ambu International A/S Adjustable cervical collar
US6036664A (en) * 1994-02-22 2000-03-14 Ambu International A/S Automatic adjustable cervical collar
USRE36745E (en) * 1994-09-29 2000-06-20 Ambu Inc. Extrication cervical collar with adjustable supports
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DE2446281C3 (de) 1978-09-07
CA1007950A (en) 1977-04-05
JPS5078192A (enExample) 1975-06-25
DE2446281A1 (de) 1975-04-30
JPS5230793B2 (enExample) 1977-08-10
GB1489562A (en) 1977-10-19
DE2446281B2 (de) 1978-01-05
BR7408167A (pt) 1975-10-07

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