US3904786A - Process for fixing images by contact heating in a duplicator - Google Patents

Process for fixing images by contact heating in a duplicator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3904786A
US3904786A US413320A US41332073A US3904786A US 3904786 A US3904786 A US 3904786A US 413320 A US413320 A US 413320A US 41332073 A US41332073 A US 41332073A US 3904786 A US3904786 A US 3904786A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
roller
image side
image
support
heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US413320A
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English (en)
Inventor
Koichi Takiguchi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujifilm Business Innovation Corp
Original Assignee
Fuji Xerox Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuji Xerox Co Ltd filed Critical Fuji Xerox Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3904786A publication Critical patent/US3904786A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
    • G03G15/2014—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat
    • G03G15/2064—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat combined with pressure
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G13/00—Electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G13/20—Fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A process for fixing images by contact heating in a duplicator comprising passing a thermoplastic resin powder image formed on a support between at least two heating rollers disposed in proximity to each other; heating the roller as disposed on the image side of the support to a temperature less than the temperature of the roller disposed on the side opposite the image side so that a temperature gradient is produced in the thermoplastic resin powder image to prevent said thermoplastic resin powder image from adhering to the roller disposed on the image side.
  • the present invention relates to an image fixing pro cess in a duplicator for permanently fixing a conventionally well known thermoplastic resin powder image (hereinafter referred to as a toner image) formed on the surface of a support material and, more particularly, to a process for fixing a toner image loosely formed on a support such as an electrostatic recording paper or transfer paper (hereinafter referred to as a support”) by using heating rollers.
  • a toner image a conventionally well known thermoplastic resin powder image
  • a support such as an electrostatic recording paper or transfer paper
  • a primary purpose of this invention is to eliminate the above-described problem of the prior art and to provide a process for image fixing by contact heating in a duplicator, where the probability of the toner image being offset to the heating roller is small and thus any reduction in image quality is small, and where the process is not influenced by environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of an illustrative embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrammatic illustrations of other illustrative embodiments of the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 a pair of heating rollers 1 as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is used.
  • Image side roller 10 in FIG. 1 is heated from inside by heating element 2
  • image side roller la in FIG. 2 is heated by a heating roller disposed outside the roller la
  • image side roller in FIG. 3 is heated by heat conducted from rear roller 1b.
  • a support A and a toner image a are also illustrated.
  • the adhesion force between the image side roller la and the toner a becomes less than that between toner particles or between toner and the support where the property of the material-constituting the surface of the image side roller may also desirably affect the relative adhesion forces.
  • This invention utilizes the above-described phenomenon and, as a result of experiments, it has been found that an optimum temperature gradient can be produced in a toner layer by heating the rear roller 1b to a high enough temperature to melt the toner a through the support A and heating the image side roller la to a temperature less than that of the roller 1b but high enough to soften the toner a when in contact therewith.
  • the application of material having a good release property to the surface of the image side roller further increases the desirable effects. Furthermore, in order to prevent to some extent the toner image from being crushed by the rollers, it is desirable to use a material softer than metal on or near the surface of the roller on. the image side.
  • means for cleaning the image side roller and the rear roller such as silicone oil-impregnated felt processed with tetrafluoroethylene may be used. Such means (not shown)v would be positioned in contact with the rollers.
  • the combined-use of such cleaning means and the fixing process of the invention can further increase the desirable results of the invention.
  • the offset phenomenon of a toner image to a heating roller can be prevented by a simple device with no reduction in image quality of the resulting copy, by producing a difference in temperature between at least two adjacent rollers so that the temperature of the roller on the image side is lower than that of the rear roller, so that a temperature gradient is produced in the toner image adhered to the support.
  • the process of this invention is not influenced by outside temperature or humidity, and hence stable duplication can be maintained over a long period of time without having to vary the duplicating conditions depending upon environmental conditions.
  • EXAMPLE 1 In heating rollers l of FIG. 1, a roller la 30mm in diameter having a 5 mm coating 5 of rubber (JIS hardness: 60) and an aluminum roller 16 30 mm in diameter having a 100 p. coating 6 of tetrafluoroethylene resin were used.
  • toner A As the toner, three toners, i.e., 914/420 toner (hereinafter referred to as toner A), 720 toner (hereinafter referred to as toner B) and 660 toner (hereinafter referred to as toner C) (all being made by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.) were used.
  • M2 paper made by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. for use in the Xerox Corporation Copier
  • All of these toners are powders of styrene copolymer in which carbon black is dispersed and they are differentiated by melt temperature and melt viscosity. Duplication was conducted at a line speed for both rollers 1a and lb of 90 mm/second and a copying rate of 900 sheets/hour.
  • the temperature of the rear roller lb was adjusted to 190 270C and the temperature of the image side roller 1a to 160 200C, with the difference in temperature between rear roller lb and image side roller la being greater than l0C to thereby effect good fixing. At temperatures outside the above-specified ranges, the offset phenomenon occurred.
  • the temperature of the rear roller 1b was asjusted to 15 5 220C and the temperature of the image side roller In to C, with the difference in temperature between rear roller 1b and image side roller la being greater than 10C. Good fixing was thus achieved. At temperatures outside the above-specified ranges, the offset phenomenon occurred.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Referring to FIG. 2, a copper roller 3 25 mm in diameter containing at the center thereof a heater was used to heat image side roller 1a. At the same temperature ranges as in Example 1, similar good fixing was achieved.
  • EXAMPLE 3 Referring to FIG. 3, when fixing was conducted at a line speed of rollers 1a and lb of 90 mm/second and at a copying velocity of 900 sheets/hour using toner A while keeping the temperature of the rear roller lb to to 200C, the image side roller la was maintained at about 160C and good fixing was achieved.
  • EXAMPLE 4 Using the same heating rollers 1 as in Example 1, good fixing was achieved at a line speed of each of rollers 1a and lb of 150 mm/second and at a copying rate of 1200 sheets/hour using toner A while maintaining rear roller 1b at 250C and image side roller la at 200C.
  • Example 2 the same rear roller lb as in Example 1 was used and, as the image side roller 1a, that used in Example 1 was used omitting heater 2 therefrom Numerous modifications of the invention will become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing disclosure. During such a reading, it will be evident that this invention provides a unique fixing process using contact heating for accomplishing the objects and advantages hereinstated.
  • a process for fixing images by contact heating in a duplicator comprising passing a thermoplastic resin powder image formed on a support between at least two heating rollers disposed in proximity to each other heating the roller disposed on the image side of said support to a high enough temperature to soften said thermoplastic resin powder image when in contact therewith and heating the roller disposed on the side opposite the image side to a temperature high enough to melt said thermoplastic resin powder image through the support so that a temperature gradient is produced in said thermoplastic resin powder image to prevent said thermoplastic resin powder image from adhering to the roller disposed on the image side.
  • roller disposed on the image side of said support is coated at or near the surface thereof with a material softer than metal.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
US413320A 1972-11-30 1973-11-06 Process for fixing images by contact heating in a duplicator Expired - Lifetime US3904786A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP47119380A JPS4978560A (en, 2012) 1972-11-30 1972-11-30

Publications (1)

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US3904786A true US3904786A (en) 1975-09-09

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US413320A Expired - Lifetime US3904786A (en) 1972-11-30 1973-11-06 Process for fixing images by contact heating in a duplicator

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US (1) US3904786A (en, 2012)
JP (1) JPS4978560A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB1442197A (en, 2012)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4148937A (en) * 1974-02-15 1979-04-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process for fixing a toner image
US5112717A (en) * 1989-09-19 1992-05-12 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for treating toner image bearing receiving sheets
US5300382A (en) * 1991-04-05 1994-04-05 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Full-color image forming apparatus with two side capability and two-side full-color image forming method

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH023858U (en, 2012) * 1989-02-14 1990-01-11
JPH0524349A (ja) * 1991-12-19 1993-02-02 Ricoh Co Ltd 感熱性画像記録および消去方法

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3060051A (en) * 1958-11-25 1962-10-23 Rca Corp Method of fusing powder images
US3268351A (en) * 1961-06-29 1966-08-23 Xerox Corp Xerographing fixing method and apparatus
US3332347A (en) * 1962-04-04 1967-07-25 Xerox Corp Duplicating
US3669707A (en) * 1969-10-17 1972-06-13 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Fixing process
US3682738A (en) * 1969-09-03 1972-08-08 Johnson & Johnson Methods and apparatus for depositing powdered materials in patterned areas
US3770346A (en) * 1972-03-16 1973-11-06 Xerox Corp Method and apparatus for fuser assembly cooling in an electrostatographic machine

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5214627B2 (en, 2012) * 1971-09-17 1977-04-22

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3060051A (en) * 1958-11-25 1962-10-23 Rca Corp Method of fusing powder images
US3268351A (en) * 1961-06-29 1966-08-23 Xerox Corp Xerographing fixing method and apparatus
US3332347A (en) * 1962-04-04 1967-07-25 Xerox Corp Duplicating
US3682738A (en) * 1969-09-03 1972-08-08 Johnson & Johnson Methods and apparatus for depositing powdered materials in patterned areas
US3669707A (en) * 1969-10-17 1972-06-13 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Fixing process
US3770346A (en) * 1972-03-16 1973-11-06 Xerox Corp Method and apparatus for fuser assembly cooling in an electrostatographic machine

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4148937A (en) * 1974-02-15 1979-04-10 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process for fixing a toner image
US5112717A (en) * 1989-09-19 1992-05-12 Eastman Kodak Company Method and apparatus for treating toner image bearing receiving sheets
US5300382A (en) * 1991-04-05 1994-04-05 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Full-color image forming apparatus with two side capability and two-side full-color image forming method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1442197A (en) 1976-07-07
DE2357012A1 (de) 1974-06-06
JPS4978560A (en, 2012) 1974-07-29
DE2357012B2 (de) 1976-12-09

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