US3903870A - Method and apparatus for ocular self-examination - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for ocular self-examination Download PDF

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US3903870A
US3903870A US439067A US43906774A US3903870A US 3903870 A US3903870 A US 3903870A US 439067 A US439067 A US 439067A US 43906774 A US43906774 A US 43906774A US 3903870 A US3903870 A US 3903870A
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eye
light
fiber
user
cup
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US439067A
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Wolf-Dieter Berndt
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Vision Care Research Labs Inc
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APPLIED OPTICS CORP
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Assigned to VISION CARE RESEARCH LABS., INC., A CORP. OF NEW JERSEY reassignment VISION CARE RESEARCH LABS., INC., A CORP. OF NEW JERSEY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BERNDT, WOLF-DIETER
Assigned to BERNDT, WOLF-DIETER reassignment BERNDT, WOLF-DIETER ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: APPLIED OPTICS CORPORATION
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/0008—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes provided with illuminating means

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  • the device comprises what is almost a perfect point source of light, to wit. a bulb. and a short length of fiber optic. Means are provided to position the fiber end precisely at the anterior focus of the eye.
  • this invention relates to methods and apparatus for detecting disease in the human body. More particularly, in a preferred embodiment, this invention relates to methods and apparatus for performing a self-examination of the eye, the pattern thereby detected serving to warn the user to consult qualified professional advice if abnormalities are noted.
  • FIG. I is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an isometric view of another embodiment of the invention.
  • a human eye has an anterior focus such that ifa point source of light is placed at the anterior focus the eye lens will form a parallel beam of light within the eye.
  • the light rays correspond to a uniform diffuse radiator of energy which is refracted and collimated in parallel rays by the eyes optics.
  • the observer when the device to be described below is switched on, the observers accommodation will change and he can observe the motion of his iris and the pupil opening.
  • the spot size covers the macular region of the human retina, the centroid of human vision. It is, thus, possible for the observer to detect physiological changes such as cataracts, tumors, burns, etc., anywhere in the eye from the cornea to the retina. Also, if any paralysis of accommodation is present, e.g., from syphilis, food poisoning, diabetes, gloucoma, etc., this will also be detected.
  • FIG. I depicts an illustrative apparatus for practicing the methods of this invention.
  • this embodiment comprises a hand-held instrument 10 comprising an outer casing 11 which is not unlike a conventional flashlight in construction.
  • the casing includes a plurality of batteries [2 which are forced into engagement with a bulb 13 by a spring 14.
  • a simple slide switch 16 completes the electrical circuit to lamp l3.
  • An optical fiber 17 is passed through an aperture in an opaque end piece 18 so that one end thereof is proximate the bulb 13.
  • a flexible rubber cup 19 is fastened to the end of the casing II to limit how closely the other end of fiber 17 may be brought to the eye and to exclude extraneous light.
  • Fiber 17 may be clad or unclad and will typically be in the order of I0 mils diameter, or less.
  • the anterior focus is about 16 mm from the cornea, so fiber 17 extends from opaque end piece 18 such that when the flexible rubber cup is pressed into engagement with a human eye 20, the distance d will be about 16 mm.
  • the flexibility of the cup will enable the user to adjust the fiber-to-cornea spacing at to the exact anterior focus, which is easily found.
  • the flexibility of cup 19 should not be so great, however, as to permit the end of fiber 17 to touch the cornea of eye 20.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment of the invention for use where portability or expense are not so important. This latter embodiment may be used, for example, in the examining room of a doctors office, etc.
  • a flexible optical fiber 26 is connected at one end to a flexible cup 19' and at the other end to a box 27 including a bulb I3, an ac. transformer 27 and a line cord 28.
  • the batteries 12 are eliminated and a more powerful bulb may be employed, if desired.
  • the flexible cup is brought into engagement with the users eye and positioned until the end of the illuminated fiber is precisely at the anterior focus.
  • the retinal pattern is then observed and compared with typical patterns furnished on cards to the user.
  • the light is switched on and off and the action of the retina noted.
  • the size of the observed image is compared to typical images furnished to the user, as a check on accommodation.
  • the other eye is then checked in the same manner.
  • a method of detecting disease in the human eye comprising positioning an illuminated optical fiber of mm diameter, or less, at the anterior focus of the eye, thereby to cause the eye to focus a parallel beam of light on the retina of the eye, the uniform retinal illumination caused by said point source permitting the user to see an image on his own retina.
  • Apparatus for detecting the presence of disease in the human eye comprising means for supplying a source of light;
  • a flexible cup having a concave surface such that the users eye-ball is adapted to be received therein;
  • an optical fiber of 10 mils diameter, or less said fiber having one end positioned proximate said light supplying means and the other end positioned in said cup such that the light from said light supplying means is transmitted along said fiber to a point within said cup where the anterior focus of the user's eye is located.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

An inexpensive, hand-held device to permit a patient to perform a self-examination of the eye and thereby determine if he should seek professional help. The device comprises what is almost a perfect point source of light, to wit, a bulb, and a short length of fiber optic. Means are provided to position the fiber end precisely at the anterior focus of the eye.

Description

United States Patent 1191 Berndt 1 Sept. 9, 1975 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OCULAR SELF-EXAMINATION [75] Inventor: Wolf-Dieter Berndt, Neptune, NJ.
[73] ASS1gnC".I Applied Optics Corporation,
Neptune, NJ.
221 Filed: Feb. 4, 1974 2| Appl.No.:439,067
[52] US. Cl. 128/2 T; 351/18 [51] int. C1. A6"! 3/00 [58] Field of Search 128/2 T, 2 V. 2 A; 351/17, 351/18, 39
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,642 771 6/1953 Guist 128/2 T X 3.3110269 1/1967 Schultz 128/2 T X 3.371.660 3/1968 Carlin U 128/2 T 3,417 754 12/1968 Smart .1 351/16 X 3,664,631 5/1972 Guyton H 351/17 X 3.780379 12/1973 de Guillebon i, 351/16 3 787 1 12 1/1974 Lyons 351/18 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS [535,696 7/1968 France 128/2 T 170,870 10/1934 Switzerland .v 351/18 Primary Examiner-Kyle L. Howell [57] ABSTRACT An inexpensive, hand-held device to permit a patient to perform a self-examination of the eye and thereby determine if he should seek professional help.
The device comprises what is almost a perfect point source of light, to wit. a bulb. and a short length of fiber optic. Means are provided to position the fiber end precisely at the anterior focus of the eye.
2 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures PATENTED SEP 975 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR OCULAR SELF-EXAMINATION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention Broadly speaking, this invention relates to methods and apparatus for detecting disease in the human body. More particularly, in a preferred embodiment, this invention relates to methods and apparatus for performing a self-examination of the eye, the pattern thereby detected serving to warn the user to consult qualified professional advice if abnormalities are noted.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art As is well known, in any general physical examination, the examining physician always examines the interior of the patients eye with an ophthalmoseope. This is done because the condition of the eye, and its ability to respond to rapid light changes, is a barometer of the general health of the patient. Among the diseases that can be detected in this manner are cerebral syphilis, tabes, diabetes, prodromal chronic gloucoma, encephalitis lethargica, hypertension, cateracts, burns and lesions, ptomaine poisoning, botulism, etc., etc.
Unfortunately, millions of Americans never have a routine medical examination because they are either "too busy or because they cannot afford it. Thus, in many cases, these serious diseases are not detected until it is too late to take effective corrective action, whereas had they been detected earlier, they could have been arrested or completely cured.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION What I propose, therefore, is a simple, inexpensive technique for self-examination of the interior of the eye and an apparatus for performing the same. It is specifically not intended that the user diagnose the conditions that he observes in his eye. Rather, he is given with the self-examining instrument charts which give him just enough information to realize that a potentially serious condition may exist. He is then urged to seek professional diagnosis and in this regard the invention is not unlike a thermometer which will indicate to the user that he has an abnormal condition (i.e., a high or low temperature) without attempting to indicate any of the hundreds of medical factors or diseases that might be responsible for that condition.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. I is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the invention; and
FIG. 2 is an isometric view of another embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Of interest to an examining physician is the condition of the patient's retina, the spherical rear surface of the eye containing the optic nerve and the light receptors, the iris, and the lens. Disease may affect any or all of these elements. The retina may be observed directly, but the iris and lens are checked by observing the degree of accommodation that the patient has. Accommodation, of course, is the power of the eye to change focus as an object of interest is brought closer to or further from the eye lens.
It is well known that a human eye has an anterior focus such that ifa point source of light is placed at the anterior focus the eye lens will form a parallel beam of light within the eye. Put another way, if a point source of light is placed at the anterior focus of the human eye, the light rays correspond to a uniform diffuse radiator of energy which is refracted and collimated in parallel rays by the eyes optics.
I have discovered that this phenomenon enables the viewer to see" his own visual system. That is, he can see" the condition of his retina and readily observe scar tissue, shadows suggestive of tumors, etc. Further, because a point source of light is employed, the size of the image seen is controlled by the pupil opening and the particular state of the observed occular accommodation.
Hence, when the device to be described below is switched on, the observers accommodation will change and he can observe the motion of his iris and the pupil opening. The spot size covers the macular region of the human retina, the centroid of human vision. It is, thus, possible for the observer to detect physiological changes such as cataracts, tumors, burns, etc., anywhere in the eye from the cornea to the retina. Also, if any paralysis of accommodation is present, e.g., from syphilis, food poisoning, diabetes, gloucoma, etc., this will also be detected.
As previously discussed, it is not necessary, and indeed not desirable, that the user be able to associate any particular image or pattern with a particular defect or disease. It is sufficient if he is merely alerted to the fact that professional help should be sought.
FIG. I depicts an illustrative apparatus for practicing the methods of this invention. As shown, this embodiment comprises a hand-held instrument 10 comprising an outer casing 11 which is not unlike a conventional flashlight in construction. The casing includes a plurality of batteries [2 which are forced into engagement with a bulb 13 by a spring 14. A simple slide switch 16 completes the electrical circuit to lamp l3. An optical fiber 17 is passed through an aperture in an opaque end piece 18 so that one end thereof is proximate the bulb 13. A flexible rubber cup 19 is fastened to the end of the casing II to limit how closely the other end of fiber 17 may be brought to the eye and to exclude extraneous light.
Fiber 17 may be clad or unclad and will typically be in the order of I0 mils diameter, or less. For most individuals, the anterior focus is about 16 mm from the cornea, so fiber 17 extends from opaque end piece 18 such that when the flexible rubber cup is pressed into engagement with a human eye 20, the distance d will be about 16 mm. Of course, if the anterior focus of the user is less or greater than 16 mm, the flexibility of the cup will enable the user to adjust the fiber-to-cornea spacing at to the exact anterior focus, which is easily found. The flexibility of cup 19 should not be so great, however, as to permit the end of fiber 17 to touch the cornea of eye 20.
FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment of the invention for use where portability or expense are not so important. This latter embodiment may be used, for example, in the examining room of a doctors office, etc.
As shown, in this embodiment a flexible optical fiber 26 is connected at one end to a flexible cup 19' and at the other end to a box 27 including a bulb I3, an ac. transformer 27 and a line cord 28. In this embodiment, the batteries 12 are eliminated and a more powerful bulb may be employed, if desired.
In use, with either embodiment, the flexible cup is brought into engagement with the users eye and positioned until the end of the illuminated fiber is precisely at the anterior focus. The retinal pattern is then observed and compared with typical patterns furnished on cards to the user. Next, the light is switched on and off and the action of the retina noted. Finally, the size of the observed image is compared to typical images furnished to the user, as a check on accommodation. The other eye is then checked in the same manner.
One skilled in the art may make various changes and substitutions to the arrangement of parts shown without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, although more expensive and less convenient, other point sources of light could be used, for example, a low-power laser or a high-intensity source and a pin-hole, etc,
What is claimed is:
1. A method of detecting disease in the human eye comprising positioning an illuminated optical fiber of mm diameter, or less, at the anterior focus of the eye, thereby to cause the eye to focus a parallel beam of light on the retina of the eye, the uniform retinal illumination caused by said point source permitting the user to see an image on his own retina.
2. Apparatus for detecting the presence of disease in the human eye, comprising means for supplying a source of light;
means for supplying electrical power to said light supplying means to energize the same;
a flexible cup having a concave surface such that the users eye-ball is adapted to be received therein; and
an optical fiber of 10 mils diameter, or less, said fiber having one end positioned proximate said light supplying means and the other end positioned in said cup such that the light from said light supplying means is transmitted along said fiber to a point within said cup where the anterior focus of the user's eye is located.

Claims (2)

1. A method of detecting disease in the human eye comprising positioning an illuminated optical fiber of 10 mm diameter, or less, at the anterior focus of the eye, thereby to cause the eye to focus a parallel beam of light on the retina of the eye, the uniform retinal illumination caused by said point source permitting the user to see an image on his own retina.
2. Apparatus for detecting the presence of disease in the human eye, comprising means for supplying a source of light; means for supplying electrical power to said light supplying means to energize the same; a flexible cup having a concave surface such that the user''s eye-ball is adapted to be received therein; and an optical fiber of 10 mils diameter, or less, said fiber having one end positioned proximate said light supplying means and the other end positioned in said cup such that the light from said light supplying means is transmitted along said fiber to a point within said cup where the anterior focus of the user''s eye is located.
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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2387020A1 (en) * 1977-04-15 1978-11-10 Zeiss Carl Fa OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR THE EXAMINATION OF THE RETINA
US4288161A (en) * 1979-06-04 1981-09-08 Lockheed Corporation Optical probe for detecting transitory and repetitive light signals
EP0042240A1 (en) * 1980-06-16 1981-12-23 Janette Atkinson Simplified refractometer
DE3301829A1 (en) * 1982-08-27 1984-03-01 Miguel Mexico City México Salia-Muñoz METHOD FOR SELF EXAMINATION OF THE EYE INSIDE
US4682867A (en) * 1985-04-02 1987-07-28 Gould Herbert L Apparatus for the self-examination of the human eye
GB2187568A (en) * 1986-01-31 1987-09-09 Smc Metal Tech Co Ltd Device for inspecting the eye
US4774643A (en) * 1986-11-17 1988-09-27 Diagin, Inc. Illuminator for radiation dosimeter and method of manufacture
US4838271A (en) * 1986-12-10 1989-06-13 Kei Mori Visible light ray radiation device for use in medical treatment
EP0338139A1 (en) * 1988-04-18 1989-10-25 L. Eduardo Vega Apparatus and method for self-examination of the eye and surrounding facial areas
US4902124A (en) * 1988-09-06 1990-02-20 Roy Sr Frederick H Cataract monitoring method and means
WO1990011716A1 (en) * 1989-03-30 1990-10-18 Greater Glasgow Health Board Optical spacing device
WO2000057771A1 (en) * 1999-03-29 2000-10-05 Talia Technology Ltd. A device for self examination of the transparent optical system of the eye and a method for use thereof
US6144508A (en) * 1999-05-19 2000-11-07 Bransome; Robert Self-viewing device for eyes
WO2001049166A1 (en) * 1999-12-30 2001-07-12 Wayne Birchall Anterior segment viewing device
US20040027822A1 (en) * 2002-06-25 2004-02-12 Rainer Biro Brightness-adjustable illumination device
DE102006039753A1 (en) * 2006-08-24 2008-02-28 Eduard Galinker Method for visual evaluation of condition of optical media of own eye of observer, involves projecting real representation of source of light spot in eye such that focus of projection is within eyeball in its optical media
US20110170068A1 (en) * 2010-12-03 2011-07-14 Opticom Data Research Method and apparatus for self-examination of the eye
IT201700074170A1 (en) * 2017-07-03 2019-01-03 Burlamacchi Leo Equipment and method for examining the state of a human eye

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2642771A (en) * 1949-06-13 1953-06-23 Guist Gustav Device for detecting and determining refraction anomalies of the human eyes
US3300269A (en) * 1961-10-13 1967-01-24 Laubman & Pank Proprietary Ltd Fibre-optics time resolved perimeter for testing peripheral vision
US3371660A (en) * 1966-09-01 1968-03-05 Air Shields Equipment for use in ultrasonic eye examination
US3417754A (en) * 1964-07-16 1968-12-24 Int Research & Dev Co Ltd Ophthalmoscopes
US3664631A (en) * 1970-02-25 1972-05-23 David Guyton Cylindrical lens systems for simultaneous bimeridional measurement in a lens measuring instrument
US3780979A (en) * 1972-05-12 1973-12-25 Clinitex Inc Adjustable fundus illumination
US3787112A (en) * 1972-08-03 1974-01-22 J Lyons Apparatus and method for the self-examination of certain conditions of the eye

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2642771A (en) * 1949-06-13 1953-06-23 Guist Gustav Device for detecting and determining refraction anomalies of the human eyes
US3300269A (en) * 1961-10-13 1967-01-24 Laubman & Pank Proprietary Ltd Fibre-optics time resolved perimeter for testing peripheral vision
US3417754A (en) * 1964-07-16 1968-12-24 Int Research & Dev Co Ltd Ophthalmoscopes
US3371660A (en) * 1966-09-01 1968-03-05 Air Shields Equipment for use in ultrasonic eye examination
US3664631A (en) * 1970-02-25 1972-05-23 David Guyton Cylindrical lens systems for simultaneous bimeridional measurement in a lens measuring instrument
US3780979A (en) * 1972-05-12 1973-12-25 Clinitex Inc Adjustable fundus illumination
US3787112A (en) * 1972-08-03 1974-01-22 J Lyons Apparatus and method for the self-examination of certain conditions of the eye

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2387020A1 (en) * 1977-04-15 1978-11-10 Zeiss Carl Fa OPTICAL SYSTEM FOR THE EXAMINATION OF THE RETINA
US4288161A (en) * 1979-06-04 1981-09-08 Lockheed Corporation Optical probe for detecting transitory and repetitive light signals
EP0042240A1 (en) * 1980-06-16 1981-12-23 Janette Atkinson Simplified refractometer
DE3301829A1 (en) * 1982-08-27 1984-03-01 Miguel Mexico City México Salia-Muñoz METHOD FOR SELF EXAMINATION OF THE EYE INSIDE
US4577943A (en) * 1982-08-27 1986-03-25 Salia Munoz Miguel Method and apparatus for self-examination of the ocular globe
US4682867A (en) * 1985-04-02 1987-07-28 Gould Herbert L Apparatus for the self-examination of the human eye
GB2187568A (en) * 1986-01-31 1987-09-09 Smc Metal Tech Co Ltd Device for inspecting the eye
US4774643A (en) * 1986-11-17 1988-09-27 Diagin, Inc. Illuminator for radiation dosimeter and method of manufacture
US4838271A (en) * 1986-12-10 1989-06-13 Kei Mori Visible light ray radiation device for use in medical treatment
EP0338139A1 (en) * 1988-04-18 1989-10-25 L. Eduardo Vega Apparatus and method for self-examination of the eye and surrounding facial areas
US4902124A (en) * 1988-09-06 1990-02-20 Roy Sr Frederick H Cataract monitoring method and means
WO1990011716A1 (en) * 1989-03-30 1990-10-18 Greater Glasgow Health Board Optical spacing device
WO2000057771A1 (en) * 1999-03-29 2000-10-05 Talia Technology Ltd. A device for self examination of the transparent optical system of the eye and a method for use thereof
US6144508A (en) * 1999-05-19 2000-11-07 Bransome; Robert Self-viewing device for eyes
WO2001049166A1 (en) * 1999-12-30 2001-07-12 Wayne Birchall Anterior segment viewing device
US20040027822A1 (en) * 2002-06-25 2004-02-12 Rainer Biro Brightness-adjustable illumination device
DE102006039753A1 (en) * 2006-08-24 2008-02-28 Eduard Galinker Method for visual evaluation of condition of optical media of own eye of observer, involves projecting real representation of source of light spot in eye such that focus of projection is within eyeball in its optical media
DE102006039753B4 (en) * 2006-08-24 2009-02-19 Eduard Galinker Method for visual assessment of the state of the optical media of the observer's own eye and device for illuminating the eye
US20110170068A1 (en) * 2010-12-03 2011-07-14 Opticom Data Research Method and apparatus for self-examination of the eye
IT201700074170A1 (en) * 2017-07-03 2019-01-03 Burlamacchi Leo Equipment and method for examining the state of a human eye

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