US3902732A - Advanced composition ski - Google Patents
Advanced composition ski Download PDFInfo
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- US3902732A US3902732A US332362A US33236273A US3902732A US 3902732 A US3902732 A US 3902732A US 332362 A US332362 A US 332362A US 33236273 A US33236273 A US 33236273A US 3902732 A US3902732 A US 3902732A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
- A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
- A63C5/12—Making thereof; Selection of particular materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
- A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
- A63C5/12—Making thereof; Selection of particular materials
- A63C5/126—Structure of the core
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S273/00—Amusement devices: games
- Y10S273/23—High modulus filaments
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/902—High modulus filament or fiber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/30—Self-sustaining carbon mass or layer with impregnant or other layer
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A lightweight ski and method of making same wherein the structural reinforcement for the ski has unidirectional graphite fibers in a resin matrix. Fibers extend longitudinally and at 45 from longitudinal.
- a ski may be obtained which weighs less than six pounds per pair and may have tailor-made flexural and torsional characteristics with a barely noticeable variation in thickness and/or weight.
- Unidirectional graphite fibers in a resix matrix are applied in a layer above and a layer below a core of a ski.
- the fibers are oriented such that they extend longitudinally along the core. It has been found that this combination of unidirectional graphite fibers in resin when incorporated into a ski with covering top, bottom and sides will provide proper reinforcement.
- the layer above and below the core will each have a thickness of from about 0.008 inch to 0.040 inch with a graphite volume percent of about 50 to 70 and a modulus of elasticity of about l0,000,000 p.s.i. to about 4 l ,000,000 p.s.i. In yet other embodiments the thickness varies from about 0.0l6 inch to 0.032 inch and the modulus to from about [0,000,000 p.s.i. to 25,000,0000 p.s.i.
- the greatest load bearing requirements on the ski, under the foot of the skier, is at approximately the lengthwise midpoint of the skis.
- the flexural characteristics may be varied from midpoint to the tip and from midpoint to the tail with stepwise layers of reinforcement with at least one layer extending the length of the ski, a second and shorter layer extending fore and aft from the lengthwise center of the ski and other yet shorter layers extending from the midpoint.
- the flexural characteristics may also be varied stepwise by the use of graphite fibers with different modulus of elasticity.
- each layer varies in thickness from about 0.004 inch to about 0.008 inch with a graphite volume percent of about 10 to 70 and the modulus of elasticity of from about l0,000,000 p.s.i. to 41,000,000 p.s.i.
- the torsional characteristics may be varied by stepwise layers or by varying the elastic modulus.
- FIG. I is a perspective view of a ski.
- FIG. 2 is a fragmented perspective view of the ski of FIG. 1, partially cut away to show the details of fiber
- FIG. 7 shows a sectional end view of a core with reinforcement layers in a mold.
- This ski has as its reinforcement members unidirectional graphite fibers embedded in a resin.
- the graphite fibers or filaments are typically produced by using a rayon or pitch fiber, cross linking the polymer and finally converting to a graphite filament form of carbon at a temperature of about l,000C.
- High modulus and high strength characteristics of the filaments are developed in the filaments by stretching at temperatures of about 2,000C.
- the tensile modulus of elasticity of the graphite fibers may be varied from about 27,000,000 p.s.i. to about 58,000,000 p.s.i.
- Bundles or tows of several thousand graphite filaments are encased in a resin matrix and flattened into tapes or broadgoods.
- the uncured thickness of these tapes may be from about 0.004 inch to 0.008 inch and the volume percent of graphite may be varied from about l0 to percent.
- Several plies of these tapes may be placed one upon another without materially effecting the overall thickness of a ski.
- the fibers may be embedded in a matrix of epoxy, phenolic, and polyester resins to name a few of the resins that may be used with epoxy preferred. However, other resins may be used,
- FIGS. 2 and 3 The arrangements of reinforcing unidirectional graphite fibers in a resin matrix is best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- An integrated ski 10 has core 12. This core may be of honeycomb, wood, or foamed plastic, such as but not limited to foamed polyurethane.
- a layer 14 of longitudinally extending graphite fibers in resin is placed above the core and a second layer 16 is placed below the core.
- a pair 18 of reinforcing layers shown in FIG. 3 are positioned at to each oher and are made up of a layer 20 and layer 22 best shown in FIG. 2.
- Layer 20 has unidirectional graphite fibers encircling the core 12 with the fibers extending at 45 degrees from longitudinal in one direction and fibers of layer 22 extending at 45 degrees in the other direction.
- the core 12 with reinforcing layers I4, 16, 20 and 22 are alll encased or boxed in top section 24, side section 26 and 26a and bottom or runner section 28.
- These encasing sections may preferably be made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (A.B.S.) or high density polyethylene known as P-Tex.
- the P-Tex is preferred as the bottom section to act as the running surface.
- These materials are in semi-rigid slabs and are formed to shape.
- the ski has L-shaped metal edge reinforcement runforcement 32 may be used in the top center of the ski to accept fasteners from the binding.
- An optional decorative top sheet 34 may be used.
- a phenol formaldehyde or melamine formaldehyde resin is preferred for the decorative sheet as they are both abrasion resistant and color fast.
- the longitudinally extending reinforcing tape is arranged with additional layers 36 and 38 above the core and additional layers 40 and 42 below the core. These additional layers are centered on the lengthwise midpoint of the core and extend for varying lengths.
- additional pairs of layers of 45 from longitudinal reinforcing tape extend stepwise varying lengths from the midpoint of the core.
- Desired flexural and torsional strengths and flexibility patterns may be obtained by varying the structural strength of the fibers used at different points along the ski.
- the longitudinally extending fibers in the reinforcing layer are made up by varying the number of plies, the modulus of elasticity and the volume percent of graphite at different lengths along the core. An overlap of about one-quarter inch is required for splicing between materials of different properties in the same ply.
- a center section layer, second section layer, extending outwardly from the center section in both directions and tip and tail sections extending outwardly from the second sections are used to obtain varying flexural characteristics.
- the center section of about percent of the length of the core has five plies of reinforcing tape above the core and four plies below the core with each ply of about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch thick of a matrix with 65 percent graphite volume and an elastic modulus of about 23,000,000 p.s.i.; the second section of two parts with one part extending about 33 percent of the length of the core towards the tip, and the other extending about 33 percent of the length of the core towards the tail has four plies above and four plies below the core with each ply of about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch thickness of reinforcing tape of 65 volume percent of graphite and an elastic modulus of about.
- each ply about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch thick of a reinforcing tape of 60 volume percent graphite and an elastic modulus of about l0,000,000 p.s.i.
- This preferred embodiment also uses a ply of reinforcing tape with graphite fibers extending at 45 in one direction from longitudinal and a second similar ply at 45 from longitudinal in the other direction.
- Each center section ply is about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch thick and has a modulus of elasticity of about 10,000,000 p.s.i.
- each ply in the sections ex tending from the center section to the tip and from the center section to the tail have a thickness of about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch, a graphite volume percent of about 65 and a modulus of elasticity of about 25,000,000 p.s.i.
- the ski may be prepared by first preparing a core with cured reinforcing layers which is then placed inside the outer box-like members to form a ski assembly inside a mold and the assembly heated under pressure to obtain an integrated ski.
- the ski may also be prepared by making up the ski assembly in the final mold.
- a reinforcing tape 44 of longitudinally extending graphite fibers in as resin is placed in the recess of a formed mold 46.
- Core material 48 and then another layer of reinforcing tape 50 of longitudinally extending graphite fibers in resin is placed on top and mold part 52 inserted into the recessed lower mold.
- the core with reinforcing layers is cured at about 250- 350F at about l5-75p.s.i.
- the cured core with reinforcement is then cut to an undersize shape of a ski to become the reinforcement for a ski.
- reinforcement tapes 44 and 50 may each be placed in a formed mold or tool and cured at about 250350F under pressures of about l5-75p.s.i. These tapes would then be coated with a suitable adhesive and bonded to core material 48 under temperatures and pressures as outlined above.
- the shaped reinforced core now shown in FIG. 7 as core 12 with lower reinforcement 16 and upper reinforcement 14 may be encircled with a pair of 45 from longitudinal transverse reinforcing tape shown as 18 and either placed in the recessed mold 54 to be cured or placed directly in a ski assembly for final integration into a ski.
- a bottom running surface member 28 is placed in a recessed mold 56, next metal edge members 30 and 30:: are placed in the mold then side members 26 and 26a.
- the inside of these surfaces are coated with a suitable adhesive and the core with longitudinal and if desired transverse at 45 degree reinforcing fibers in resin placed inside the side and bottom'box-type structure.
- the core with reinforcement may be prepared and precured or may be laid up inside the box structure.
- a top layer 24 with the side adjacent the structure coated with a suitable adhesive is placed on top to fonn a ski assembly which may be cured in the mold at about 250 to 350F with a pressure of about 15 to p.s.i.
- the top center section of the ski may have metal or fiberglass sheet 32 placed in the assembly prior to curing.
- decorative sheet 34 above the top member 24 before curing the assembly.
- An integrated ski comprising:
- a core selected from materials consisting essen tially of foamed plastic, wood and honeycomb;
- a reinforcement layer above the core and a reinforcement layer below the core of unidirectional longitudinally extending graphite fibers imbedded in resin each layer comprising: a center section extending throughout about the center 15 percent of length of the core of four plies, each about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch thick of 65 volume percent graphite fibers and an elastic modulus of about 23,000,000 p.s.i., and one additional ply for the center section iayer above the core, a second section extending outwardly in both directions from the center section, each part extending throughout about 33 percent of length of the core of four plies, each about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch thick of 65 volume percent and an elastic modulus of about 18,000,000 p.s.i., and a third section of two parts with one part extending from the forward second section to the tip of the core and the second part extending from the aft part of the second section to the tail of the core with the parts of the third section each comprising three plies each about 0.004 inch to
- each layer in the pair comprises a center section extending throughout the center about 40 percent of to length of the core of a single ply about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch thick with a volume percent of graphite of about 30 percent and an elastic modulus of about 2.000.000 p.s.i., and a second section of two parts one of which extends from the center sec- I tion to the nose of the core and the other extends from the center section to the tail of the core with each layer of the pair comprising a single ply about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch thick with a volume percent of graphite of about percent and an elastic modulus of about 23,000,000 p.s.i. d. an outer bottom
Abstract
A lightweight ski and method of making same wherein the structural reinforcement for the ski has unidirectional graphite fibers in a resin matrix. Fibers extend longitudinally and at 45* from longitudinal.
Description
United States Patent [191 Fosha, Jr. et a1.
ADVANCED COMPOSITION SKI Inventors: Albert A. Fosha, .Ir., 1502 NE.
16th, Bellevue, Wash. 98007; Harry K. Mathewson, Box 379, Sedmond, Wash. 98052 Filed: Feb. 14, 1973 Appl. No.1 332,362
US. Cl 280/1IJ3 L; 156/172; 161/68 Int. Cl A63c 5/00; A63c 5/12 Field of Search..280/l1.13 L, 11.13 S, 11.13 F;
References Cited UNITED STATES KATENTS 2/1968 Weber 280111.13 L
[451 Sept. 2, 1975 Primary Examiner-David Schonberg Assistant Examiner-David M. Mitchell Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Morris A. Case [57] ABSTRACT A lightweight ski and method of making same wherein the structural reinforcement for the ski has unidirectional graphite fibers in a resin matrix. Fibers extend longitudinally and at 45 from longitudinal.
2 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures PATENTEDSEP 21915 3.902.732
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n wi I mm a nuwm 1 as a 0 i 5 w 0M mm 3 I, I II I orientation.
1 ADVANC ED COMPOSITION SKI BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Recent art in making snow skis have been to make ski's from a box structure for the sides, top and bottom which encases a core covered with a reinforcement of fiber glass all of which is laminated into a finished ski. The torsional and flexural characteristics of these skis may be varied by changing the thickness pattern or by adding or subtracting material or by both. Providing ski's of varying thickness requires expensive tooling and adding materials increase the weight of the ski, while removing materials degrade the strength. Presently available standard size skis (205 cm in length) have a minimum weight in excess of eight pounds per pair.
It was discovered that a ski may be obtained which weighs less than six pounds per pair and may have tailor-made flexural and torsional characteristics with a barely noticeable variation in thickness and/or weight.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Unidirectional graphite fibers in a resix matrix are applied in a layer above and a layer below a core of a ski. The fibers are oriented such that they extend longitudinally along the core. It has been found that this combination of unidirectional graphite fibers in resin when incorporated into a ski with covering top, bottom and sides will provide proper reinforcement. In preferred embodiments the layer above and below the core will each have a thickness of from about 0.008 inch to 0.040 inch with a graphite volume percent of about 50 to 70 and a modulus of elasticity of about l0,000,000 p.s.i. to about 4 l ,000,000 p.s.i. In yet other embodiments the thickness varies from about 0.0l6 inch to 0.032 inch and the modulus to from about [0,000,000 p.s.i. to 25,000,0000 p.s.i.
The greatest load bearing requirements on the ski, under the foot of the skier, is at approximately the lengthwise midpoint of the skis. In practicing this invention the flexural characteristics may be varied from midpoint to the tip and from midpoint to the tail with stepwise layers of reinforcement with at least one layer extending the length of the ski, a second and shorter layer extending fore and aft from the lengthwise center of the ski and other yet shorter layers extending from the midpoint. The flexural characteristics may also be varied stepwise by the use of graphite fibers with different modulus of elasticity.
Unidirectional graphite fibers in a resin matrix spirallyencompass the core of the ski with a layer of fibers extending at 45 from longitudinal in one direction and a second layer of fibers extending at 45 from longitudinal in the other direction, to control torsional characteristics. In one preferred embodiment each layer varies in thickness from about 0.004 inch to about 0.008 inch with a graphite volume percent of about 10 to 70 and the modulus of elasticity of from about l0,000,000 p.s.i. to 41,000,000 p.s.i. The torsional characteristics may be varied by stepwise layers or by varying the elastic modulus.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. I is a perspective view of a ski. FIG. 2 is a fragmented perspective view of the ski of FIG. 1, partially cut away to show the details of fiber FIG. 7 shows a sectional end view of a core with reinforcement layers in a mold.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION This ski has as its reinforcement members unidirectional graphite fibers embedded in a resin. The graphite fibers or filaments are typically produced by using a rayon or pitch fiber, cross linking the polymer and finally converting to a graphite filament form of carbon at a temperature of about l,000C. High modulus and high strength characteristics of the filaments are developed in the filaments by stretching at temperatures of about 2,000C. The tensile modulus of elasticity of the graphite fibers may be varied from about 27,000,000 p.s.i. to about 58,000,000 p.s.i. One may choose the fibers to place in a resin matrix to obtain the preferred tensile modulus of elasticity for use in skis of from about l0,000,000 p.s.i. to about 41,000,000 p.s.i. for the cured matrix.
Bundles or tows of several thousand graphite filaments are encased in a resin matrix and flattened into tapes or broadgoods. The uncured thickness of these tapes may be from about 0.004 inch to 0.008 inch and the volume percent of graphite may be varied from about l0 to percent. Several plies of these tapes may be placed one upon another without materially effecting the overall thickness of a ski. The fibers may be embedded in a matrix of epoxy, phenolic, and polyester resins to name a few of the resins that may be used with epoxy preferred. However, other resins may be used,
and this is not intended to be limiting.
The arrangements of reinforcing unidirectional graphite fibers in a resin matrix is best shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. An integrated ski 10 has core 12. This core may be of honeycomb, wood, or foamed plastic, such as but not limited to foamed polyurethane. A layer 14 of longitudinally extending graphite fibers in resin is placed above the core and a second layer 16 is placed below the core.
A pair 18 of reinforcing layers shown in FIG. 3 are positioned at to each oher and are made up of a layer 20 and layer 22 best shown in FIG. 2. Layer 20 has unidirectional graphite fibers encircling the core 12 with the fibers extending at 45 degrees from longitudinal in one direction and fibers of layer 22 extending at 45 degrees in the other direction.
The core 12 with reinforcing layers I4, 16, 20 and 22 are alll encased or boxed in top section 24, side section 26 and 26a and bottom or runner section 28. These encasing sections may preferably be made of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (A.B.S.) or high density polyethylene known as P-Tex. The P-Tex is preferred as the bottom section to act as the running surface. These materials are in semi-rigid slabs and are formed to shape. The ski has L-shaped metal edge reinforcement runforcement 32 may be used in the top center of the ski to accept fasteners from the binding. An optional decorative top sheet 34 may be used. A phenol formaldehyde or melamine formaldehyde resin is preferred for the decorative sheet as they are both abrasion resistant and color fast.
In one embodiment, see FIG. 4, the longitudinally extending reinforcing tape is arranged with additional layers 36 and 38 above the core and additional layers 40 and 42 below the core. These additional layers are centered on the lengthwise midpoint of the core and extend for varying lengths.
In yet another embodiment additional pairs of layers of 45 from longitudinal reinforcing tape extend stepwise varying lengths from the midpoint of the core.
Desired flexural and torsional strengths and flexibility patterns may be obtained by varying the structural strength of the fibers used at different points along the ski. In one preferred embodiment the longitudinally extending fibers in the reinforcing layer are made up by varying the number of plies, the modulus of elasticity and the volume percent of graphite at different lengths along the core. An overlap of about one-quarter inch is required for splicing between materials of different properties in the same ply. A center section layer, second section layer, extending outwardly from the center section in both directions and tip and tail sections extending outwardly from the second sections are used to obtain varying flexural characteristics. In one preferred embodiment the center section of about percent of the length of the core has five plies of reinforcing tape above the core and four plies below the core with each ply of about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch thick of a matrix with 65 percent graphite volume and an elastic modulus of about 23,000,000 p.s.i.; the second section of two parts with one part extending about 33 percent of the length of the core towards the tip, and the other extending about 33 percent of the length of the core towards the tail has four plies above and four plies below the core with each ply of about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch thickness of reinforcing tape of 65 volume percent of graphite and an elastic modulus of about. l8,000,000 p.s.i.; and a pair of end sections with each extending from a second section toward the tip or the tail of about 9 percent of the length of the core and having three plies above and three plies below the core with each ply about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch thick of a reinforcing tape of 60 volume percent graphite and an elastic modulus of about l0,000,000 p.s.i. This preferred embodiment also uses a ply of reinforcing tape with graphite fibers extending at 45 in one direction from longitudinal and a second similar ply at 45 from longitudinal in the other direction. Each center section ply is about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch thick and has a modulus of elasticity of about 10,000,000 p.s.i. and a graphite volume percent of 30 percent in the center about 40 percent of length. Each ply in the sections ex tending from the center section to the tip and from the center section to the tail have a thickness of about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch, a graphite volume percent of about 65 and a modulus of elasticity of about 25,000,000 p.s.i.
The ski may be prepared by first preparing a core with cured reinforcing layers which is then placed inside the outer box-like members to form a ski assembly inside a mold and the assembly heated under pressure to obtain an integrated ski. The ski may also be prepared by making up the ski assembly in the final mold.
in FIG. 5 a reinforcing tape 44 of longitudinally extending graphite fibers in as resin is placed in the recess of a formed mold 46. Core material 48 and then another layer of reinforcing tape 50 of longitudinally extending graphite fibers in resin is placed on top and mold part 52 inserted into the recessed lower mold. The core with reinforcing layers is cured at about 250- 350F at about l5-75p.s.i. The cured core with reinforcement is then cut to an undersize shape of a ski to become the reinforcement for a ski.
Alternatively reinforcement tapes 44 and 50 may each be placed in a formed mold or tool and cured at about 250350F under pressures of about l5-75p.s.i. These tapes would then be coated with a suitable adhesive and bonded to core material 48 under temperatures and pressures as outlined above. If desired the shaped reinforced core now shown in FIG. 7 as core 12 with lower reinforcement 16 and upper reinforcement 14, may be encircled with a pair of 45 from longitudinal transverse reinforcing tape shown as 18 and either placed in the recessed mold 54 to be cured or placed directly in a ski assembly for final integration into a ski.
To form an integrated ski, see FIGS. 3 and 6, a bottom running surface member 28 is placed in a recessed mold 56, next metal edge members 30 and 30:: are placed in the mold then side members 26 and 26a. The inside of these surfaces are coated with a suitable adhesive and the core with longitudinal and if desired transverse at 45 degree reinforcing fibers in resin placed inside the side and bottom'box-type structure. The core with reinforcement may be prepared and precured or may be laid up inside the box structure. A top layer 24 with the side adjacent the structure coated with a suitable adhesive is placed on top to fonn a ski assembly which may be cured in the mold at about 250 to 350F with a pressure of about 15 to p.s.i. If desired the top center section of the ski may have metal or fiberglass sheet 32 placed in the assembly prior to curing. Optionally one may place decorative sheet 34 above the top member 24 before curing the assembly.
We claim:
1. An integrated ski comprising:
a. a core selected from materials consisting essen tially of foamed plastic, wood and honeycomb;
b. a reinforcement layer above the core and a reinforcement layer below the core of unidirectional longitudinally extending graphite fibers imbedded in resin, each layer comprising: a center section extending throughout about the center 15 percent of length of the core of four plies, each about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch thick of 65 volume percent graphite fibers and an elastic modulus of about 23,000,000 p.s.i., and one additional ply for the center section iayer above the core, a second section extending outwardly in both directions from the center section, each part extending throughout about 33 percent of length of the core of four plies, each about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch thick of 65 volume percent and an elastic modulus of about 18,000,000 p.s.i., and a third section of two parts with one part extending from the forward second section to the tip of the core and the second part extending from the aft part of the second section to the tail of the core with the parts of the third section each comprising three plies each about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch thick of 60 volume percent of NM. waree.
graphite and an elastic modulus of about 10,000,000 p.s.i.
c. a pair of reinforcing layers of unidirectional graphite fibers imbedded in resin, one of which encircles the core with graphite fibers extending at 45 from 5 longitudinal in one direction and the other encircles the core with its graphite fibers extending at 45 from longitudinal-in the other direction, each layer in the pair comprises a center section extending throughout the center about 40 percent of to length of the core of a single ply about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch thick with a volume percent of graphite of about 30 percent and an elastic modulus of about 2.000.000 p.s.i., and a second section of two parts one of which extends from the center sec- I tion to the nose of the core and the other extends from the center section to the tail of the core with each layer of the pair comprising a single ply about 0.004 inch to 0.006 inch thick with a volume percent of graphite of about percent and an elastic modulus of about 23,000,000 p.s.i. d. an outer bottom, top and sides of material consistcore in the center section of the core.
1 a e w ite
Claims (2)
1. AN INTEGRATED SKI COMPRISING: A. A CORE SELECTED FROM MATERIALS CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF FOAMED PLASTIC, WOOD AND HONEYCOMB, B. A REINFOCEMENT LAYER ABOVE THE CORE AND A REINFORCEMENT LAYER BELOW THE CORE OF UNIDIRECTIONAL LONGITUDINALLY EXTENDING GRAPHITE FIBERS IMBEDDED IN RESIN, EACH LAYER COMPRISING: A CENTER SECTION EXTENDING THROUGHOUT ABOUT THE CENTER 15 PERCENT OF LENGTH OF THE CORE OF FOUR PLIES, EACH ABOUT 0.004 INCH TO 0.006 INCH THICK OF 65 VOLUME PERCENT GRAPHITE FIBERS AND AN ELASTIC MODULUS OF ABOUT 23,000,000 P.S.I., AND ONE ADDITIONAL PLY FOR THE CENTER SECTION LAYER ABOVE THE CORE, A SECOND SECTON EXTENDING OUTWARDLY IN BOTH DIRECTIONS FROM THE CENTER SECTION, EACH PART EXTENDING THROUGHOUT ABOUT 33 PERCENT OF LENGTH OF THE CORE OF FOUR PLIES, EACH ABOUT 0.004 INCH TO 0.006 INCH THICK OF 65 VOLUME PERCENT AND AN ELASTIC MODULUS OF ABOUT 18,000,000 P.S.I., AND A THIRD SECTION OF TWO PARTS WITH ONE PART EXTENDING FROM THE FORWARD SECOND SECTION TO THE TIP OF THE CORE AD THE SECOND PART EXTENDING FROM THE AFT PART OF THE SECOND SECTION TO THE TAIL OF THE CORE WITH THE PARTS OF THE THIRD SECTION EACH COMPRISING THREE PLIES EACH ABOUT 0.004 INCH TO 0.006 INCH THICK OF 60 VOLUME PERCENT OF GRAPHITE AND AN ELASTIC MODULUS OF ABOUT 10,000,000 P.S.I. C. A PAIR OF REINFORCING LAYERS OF UNIDIRECTIONAL GRAPHITE FIBERS IMBEDDED IN RESIN, ONE OF WHICH ENCIRCLES THE CORE WITH GRAPHITE FIBERS EXTENDING AT 45* FROM LONGITUDINAL IN ONE DIRECTION AND THE OTHER ENCIRCLES THE CORE WITH ITS GRAPHITE FIBERS EXTENDING AT 45* FROM LONGITUDINAL IN THE OTHER DIRECTION, EACH LAYER IN THE PAIR COMPRISES A CENTER SECTION EXTENDING THROUGHOUT THE CENTER ABOUT 40 PERCENT OF LENGTH OF THE CORE OF A SINGLE PLY ABOUT 0.004 INCH TO 0.006 INCH THICK WITH A VOLUME PERCENT OF GRAPHITE OF ABOUT 30 PERCENT AND AN ELASTIC MODULUS OF ABOUT 10,000,000 P.S.I., AND A SECOND SECTION OF TWO PARTS ONE OF WHICH EXTENDS FROM THE CENTER SECTION TO THE NOSE OF THE CORE AND THE OTHER EXTENDS FROM THE CENTER SECTION TO THE TAIL OF THE CORE WITH EACH LAYER OF THE PAIR COMPRISING A SINGLE PLY ABOUT 0.004 INCH TO 0.006 INCH THICK WITH A VOLUME PERCENT OF GRAPHITE OF ABOUT 60 PERCENT AND AN ELASTIC MODULUS OF ABOUT 23,000,000 P.S.I. D. AN OUTER BOTTOM, TOP AND SIDES OF MATERIAL CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ACRYLONITIRLE - BUTADIENE - STYRENE OR HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE, AND E. A METAL EDGE REINFORCEMENT AT EACH JUNCTION BETWEEN THE BOTTOM AND A SIDE.
2. An integrated ski as in claim 1, further comprising a metal layer between the top outer material and the core in the center section of the core.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US332362A US3902732A (en) | 1973-02-14 | 1973-02-14 | Advanced composition ski |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US332362A US3902732A (en) | 1973-02-14 | 1973-02-14 | Advanced composition ski |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3902732A true US3902732A (en) | 1975-09-02 |
Family
ID=23297894
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US332362A Expired - Lifetime US3902732A (en) | 1973-02-14 | 1973-02-14 | Advanced composition ski |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3902732A (en) |
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US3953637A (en) * | 1974-10-31 | 1976-04-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Slender rod for fishing rods and method of making the same |
US4023799A (en) * | 1974-01-24 | 1977-05-17 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Game racket |
US4052523A (en) * | 1976-09-14 | 1977-10-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Composite sandwich lattice structure |
FR2347878A1 (en) * | 1976-04-12 | 1977-11-10 | Shakespeare Co | FLEXIBLE TUBULAR FISHING ROD |
US4061520A (en) * | 1975-11-17 | 1977-12-06 | Fansteel Inc. | Method of making composite high strength to weight structure |
US4068861A (en) * | 1976-02-26 | 1978-01-17 | Hexcel Corporation | Lightweight, flexible ski |
US4083140A (en) * | 1975-08-13 | 1978-04-11 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Fishing rod ferrule |
US4112983A (en) * | 1976-07-08 | 1978-09-12 | Ruti Machinery Works Ltd | Picking bands and drive arrangement for gripper weaving machine |
FR2393591A1 (en) * | 1977-06-10 | 1979-01-05 | Norsk Skiforsk | Wax-free plastic ski sole and manufacturing methods |
US4146251A (en) * | 1976-06-23 | 1979-03-27 | Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha | Ski |
US4218273A (en) * | 1976-08-13 | 1980-08-19 | Mtu Motoren-Und Turbinen Union Munchen Gmbh | Method of manufacturing structural components |
US4272578A (en) * | 1979-05-31 | 1981-06-09 | Schegerin Robert J F | Ski apparatus |
US4324400A (en) * | 1979-08-08 | 1982-04-13 | Est Industries, Inc. | Table tennis bat blade |
US4333643A (en) * | 1980-02-19 | 1982-06-08 | Victor Saffire | Javelin |
US4404053A (en) * | 1980-02-19 | 1983-09-13 | Victor Saffire | Method of making a javelin |
US4412687A (en) * | 1978-09-28 | 1983-11-01 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Ski |
US4455037A (en) * | 1981-11-04 | 1984-06-19 | Olin Corporation | Laminated ski reinforcement members |
US4498686A (en) * | 1981-11-04 | 1985-02-12 | Olin Corporation | Laminated ski reinforcement members |
DE3325937A1 (en) * | 1983-07-19 | 1985-02-14 | Erbacher Hammer Gmbh & Co Kg, 7904 Erbach | Ski, in particular child's ski |
US4545597A (en) * | 1981-11-04 | 1985-10-08 | Olin Corporation | Reinforcing ribs in a snow ski with a wood/foam core |
US4664955A (en) * | 1986-03-21 | 1987-05-12 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Natural stone facing composite laminate |
US4679814A (en) * | 1984-01-27 | 1987-07-14 | Tristar Sports Inc. | Randomly oriented reinforcing fibers in a snow ski |
US4690850A (en) * | 1986-06-06 | 1987-09-01 | K-2 Corporation | Fiber reinforced braided ski core and method and apparatus for making same |
US4703769A (en) * | 1981-06-05 | 1987-11-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Universal connectors for joining stringers |
EP0282856A1 (en) * | 1987-03-14 | 1988-09-21 | HEAD Sportgeräte Ges.m.b.H. & Co. OHG | Multi-layer ski |
US4910065A (en) * | 1987-10-15 | 1990-03-20 | The Boeing Company | Reinforced honeycomb core sandwich panels and method for making same |
US4950522A (en) * | 1985-12-24 | 1990-08-21 | Ford Motor Company | Plastic construction member for a motor vehicle |
US5186999A (en) * | 1989-02-17 | 1993-02-16 | Schreiner Luchtvaart Groep B.V. | Sandwich material provided with a local reinforcement |
US5201971A (en) * | 1989-04-19 | 1993-04-13 | Pipelli Armstrong Tire Corporation | Pneumatic tires containing a composite belt |
US5211594A (en) * | 1992-07-02 | 1993-05-18 | Barrows Michael L | Water ski hydrofoil and process |
US5277958A (en) * | 1990-01-02 | 1994-01-11 | Tomkins Keith A | Multiple-layer structures and joining method for honeycomb, foam and lightweight materials |
US5338238A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1994-08-16 | Connelly Skis, Inc. | Compression molded water ski and method of making the same |
FR2740692A1 (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1997-05-09 | Skis Lacroix & Co Sa | SKI IN THE FORM OF A NON-RECTANGULAR SECTION |
US5649717A (en) * | 1994-08-29 | 1997-07-22 | Clinton L. Augustine | Snowboard and method of constructing the same |
US5759664A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1998-06-02 | Goode Ski Technologies | Composite ski |
US5853843A (en) * | 1996-03-08 | 1998-12-29 | Ut Automotive Dearborn, Inc. | Recyclable headliner material |
US6028136A (en) * | 1996-07-24 | 2000-02-22 | Centeiro Trading, Lda | Polymeric composition containing fluorographite ski sole, and method of making ski sole |
US6121212A (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 2000-09-19 | Centeiro Trading Lda | Lubricant for improved gliding properties of skis and its application in skiing |
US6217967B1 (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 2001-04-17 | Skis Rossignol, S.A. | Core for snowboard |
US20020113409A1 (en) * | 2001-02-22 | 2002-08-22 | Skis Rossignol, S.A. | Process for producing a board for gliding over snow, reinforcement, and board for gliding over snow comprising such a reinforcement |
FR2832933A1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-06 | Salomon Sa | SLIDING BOARD |
US6588772B2 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2003-07-08 | The Burton Corporation | Sintered sheet plastic material and gliding board base material |
US20050077704A1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2005-04-14 | Salomon S.A. | Gliding or rolling board, such as a snowboard or skateboard, or the like |
FR3003474A1 (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2014-09-26 | Salomon Sas | REINFORCING STRUCTURE FOR SLIDING BOARD. |
US20200282291A1 (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-10 | Völkl Sports Gmbh | Sliding board with fiber composite material |
US20220126192A1 (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2022-04-28 | Pda Ecolab, Sas | Sliding board with corrugated mediums |
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US3393918A (en) * | 1965-04-05 | 1968-07-23 | Styka Andrew | Filament wound resin reinforced structure and method |
US3493240A (en) * | 1967-06-06 | 1970-02-03 | Herbert R Jenks | Laminated fiber glass ski and process for making the same |
US3635483A (en) * | 1969-09-02 | 1972-01-18 | Larson Ind Inc | Encapsulated plastic snow ski |
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Cited By (50)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4023799A (en) * | 1974-01-24 | 1977-05-17 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Game racket |
US3953637A (en) * | 1974-10-31 | 1976-04-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Slender rod for fishing rods and method of making the same |
US4083140A (en) * | 1975-08-13 | 1978-04-11 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Fishing rod ferrule |
US4061520A (en) * | 1975-11-17 | 1977-12-06 | Fansteel Inc. | Method of making composite high strength to weight structure |
US4068861A (en) * | 1976-02-26 | 1978-01-17 | Hexcel Corporation | Lightweight, flexible ski |
FR2347878A1 (en) * | 1976-04-12 | 1977-11-10 | Shakespeare Co | FLEXIBLE TUBULAR FISHING ROD |
US4146251A (en) * | 1976-06-23 | 1979-03-27 | Nippon Gakki Seizo Kabushiki Kaisha | Ski |
US4112983A (en) * | 1976-07-08 | 1978-09-12 | Ruti Machinery Works Ltd | Picking bands and drive arrangement for gripper weaving machine |
US4218273A (en) * | 1976-08-13 | 1980-08-19 | Mtu Motoren-Und Turbinen Union Munchen Gmbh | Method of manufacturing structural components |
US4052523A (en) * | 1976-09-14 | 1977-10-04 | The United States Of America As Represented By The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Composite sandwich lattice structure |
US4272577A (en) * | 1977-06-10 | 1981-06-09 | Andelslaget For Norsk Skiforskning | Plastic non-wax ski base and methods for its manufacture |
FR2393591A1 (en) * | 1977-06-10 | 1979-01-05 | Norsk Skiforsk | Wax-free plastic ski sole and manufacturing methods |
US4412687A (en) * | 1978-09-28 | 1983-11-01 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Ski |
US4272578A (en) * | 1979-05-31 | 1981-06-09 | Schegerin Robert J F | Ski apparatus |
US4324400A (en) * | 1979-08-08 | 1982-04-13 | Est Industries, Inc. | Table tennis bat blade |
US4333643A (en) * | 1980-02-19 | 1982-06-08 | Victor Saffire | Javelin |
US4404053A (en) * | 1980-02-19 | 1983-09-13 | Victor Saffire | Method of making a javelin |
US4703769A (en) * | 1981-06-05 | 1987-11-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Universal connectors for joining stringers |
US4455037A (en) * | 1981-11-04 | 1984-06-19 | Olin Corporation | Laminated ski reinforcement members |
US4545597A (en) * | 1981-11-04 | 1985-10-08 | Olin Corporation | Reinforcing ribs in a snow ski with a wood/foam core |
US4498686A (en) * | 1981-11-04 | 1985-02-12 | Olin Corporation | Laminated ski reinforcement members |
DE3325937A1 (en) * | 1983-07-19 | 1985-02-14 | Erbacher Hammer Gmbh & Co Kg, 7904 Erbach | Ski, in particular child's ski |
US4679814A (en) * | 1984-01-27 | 1987-07-14 | Tristar Sports Inc. | Randomly oriented reinforcing fibers in a snow ski |
US4950522A (en) * | 1985-12-24 | 1990-08-21 | Ford Motor Company | Plastic construction member for a motor vehicle |
US4664955A (en) * | 1986-03-21 | 1987-05-12 | Swiss Aluminium Ltd. | Natural stone facing composite laminate |
US4690850A (en) * | 1986-06-06 | 1987-09-01 | K-2 Corporation | Fiber reinforced braided ski core and method and apparatus for making same |
EP0282856A1 (en) * | 1987-03-14 | 1988-09-21 | HEAD Sportgeräte Ges.m.b.H. & Co. OHG | Multi-layer ski |
US4910065A (en) * | 1987-10-15 | 1990-03-20 | The Boeing Company | Reinforced honeycomb core sandwich panels and method for making same |
US5186999A (en) * | 1989-02-17 | 1993-02-16 | Schreiner Luchtvaart Groep B.V. | Sandwich material provided with a local reinforcement |
US5201971A (en) * | 1989-04-19 | 1993-04-13 | Pipelli Armstrong Tire Corporation | Pneumatic tires containing a composite belt |
US5277958A (en) * | 1990-01-02 | 1994-01-11 | Tomkins Keith A | Multiple-layer structures and joining method for honeycomb, foam and lightweight materials |
US5211594A (en) * | 1992-07-02 | 1993-05-18 | Barrows Michael L | Water ski hydrofoil and process |
US5338238A (en) * | 1992-08-14 | 1994-08-16 | Connelly Skis, Inc. | Compression molded water ski and method of making the same |
US5649717A (en) * | 1994-08-29 | 1997-07-22 | Clinton L. Augustine | Snowboard and method of constructing the same |
FR2740692A1 (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1997-05-09 | Skis Lacroix & Co Sa | SKI IN THE FORM OF A NON-RECTANGULAR SECTION |
WO1997017113A1 (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1997-05-15 | Surfpolitix Europe | Profiled ski having a non-rectangular cross-section |
US5759664A (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1998-06-02 | Goode Ski Technologies | Composite ski |
US5853843A (en) * | 1996-03-08 | 1998-12-29 | Ut Automotive Dearborn, Inc. | Recyclable headliner material |
US6028136A (en) * | 1996-07-24 | 2000-02-22 | Centeiro Trading, Lda | Polymeric composition containing fluorographite ski sole, and method of making ski sole |
US6217967B1 (en) * | 1997-12-10 | 2001-04-17 | Skis Rossignol, S.A. | Core for snowboard |
US6121212A (en) * | 1998-03-03 | 2000-09-19 | Centeiro Trading Lda | Lubricant for improved gliding properties of skis and its application in skiing |
US6588772B2 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2003-07-08 | The Burton Corporation | Sintered sheet plastic material and gliding board base material |
US20020113409A1 (en) * | 2001-02-22 | 2002-08-22 | Skis Rossignol, S.A. | Process for producing a board for gliding over snow, reinforcement, and board for gliding over snow comprising such a reinforcement |
US6755434B2 (en) * | 2001-02-22 | 2004-06-29 | Skis Rossignol, S.A. | Process for producing a board for gliding over snow, reinforcement, and board for gliding over snow comprising such a reinforcement |
FR2832933A1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2003-06-06 | Salomon Sa | SLIDING BOARD |
US20050077704A1 (en) * | 2001-11-30 | 2005-04-14 | Salomon S.A. | Gliding or rolling board, such as a snowboard or skateboard, or the like |
FR3003474A1 (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2014-09-26 | Salomon Sas | REINFORCING STRUCTURE FOR SLIDING BOARD. |
US20220126192A1 (en) * | 2019-02-01 | 2022-04-28 | Pda Ecolab, Sas | Sliding board with corrugated mediums |
US20200282291A1 (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-10 | Völkl Sports Gmbh | Sliding board with fiber composite material |
US11452931B2 (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2022-09-27 | Völkl Sports Gmbh | Sliding board with fiber composite material |
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