US3901213A - Catalytic heater control - Google Patents

Catalytic heater control Download PDF

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Publication number
US3901213A
US3901213A US494207A US49420774A US3901213A US 3901213 A US3901213 A US 3901213A US 494207 A US494207 A US 494207A US 49420774 A US49420774 A US 49420774A US 3901213 A US3901213 A US 3901213A
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Prior art keywords
responsive
set forth
combination set
power
time
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Expired - Lifetime
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US494207A
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English (en)
Inventor
Benny J Charboneau
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Walbro Corp
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Walbro Corp
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Priority to US494207A priority Critical patent/US3901213A/en
Priority to CA231,485A priority patent/CA1040288A/en
Priority to FR7524196A priority patent/FR2280794A1/fr
Priority to SE7508718A priority patent/SE7508718L/xx
Priority to DE19752534533 priority patent/DE2534533A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3901213A publication Critical patent/US3901213A/en
Assigned to HARRIS TRUST AND SAVINGS BANK, A IL BANKING CORPORATION reassignment HARRIS TRUST AND SAVINGS BANK, A IL BANKING CORPORATION SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: WALBRO CORPORATION A CORP. OF DE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N19/00—Starting aids for combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02N19/02—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks
    • F02N19/04—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines
    • F02N19/10—Aiding engine start by thermal means, e.g. using lighted wicks by heating of fluids used in engines by heating of engine coolants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/0027—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel
    • F24H1/0045—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using fluid fuel with catalytic combustion

Definitions

  • Objects of this invention are to provide a control for a catalytic heater device which protects the device from becoming damaged if the device functions improperly and is compact and of economical manufacture and assembly, and has a long maintenance-free service life.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view partially in section of a catalytic heater which is cycled by a control device embodying this invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a semi-diagrammatic view of the catalytic heater of FIG. 1 connected to both a control device embodying this invention and a fuel pump supplying gasoline to the catalytic heater.
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the fuel pump of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an electronic con trol device embodying this invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a catalytic heater having a heat exchanger jacket 12 encircling a catalytic heater assembly 14.
  • Heat exchanger 12 has a cylindrical chamber 16 defined by an inner metallic tube 18, an outer metallic tube 20 encircling the inner tube, and metallic end rings 22 interposed between the tubes and fixed thereto, such as by brazing.
  • Engine liquid coolant enters-chamber 16 through an inlet conduit 28 fixed to outer tube 20 adjacent the lower end of chamber 16 and flows from chamber 16 through an outlet conduit 30 fixed to outer tube 20 adjacent the upper end of chamber 16.
  • a check valve 32 in inlet conduit 28 prevents liquid coolant from flowing out of chamber 16 through the inlet conduit.
  • a plurality of slots or windows 34 and 36 adjacent opposed ends ofinner tube 18 allows atmospheric air to flow through the tube adjacent the outer periphery of heater assembly 14.
  • Heater assembly 14 has a porous ceramic tube 38 with upper and lower ceramic end caps 40 and 42 fixed thereto.
  • a layer of a fibrous material 44 is wrapped around ceramic tube 38 and impregnated with a catalytic agent, such as platinum.
  • a suitable fibrous material is the ceramic felt T-3 fiber produced by Refractory Products Company of Carpentersville, III.
  • a nichrome wire 46 extends axially along the outside of the tube 38 beneath the layer of fibrous material 44 to provide an electrical resistance heating element for preheating the catalytic heater assembly.
  • One end of nichrome wire 46 is connected to an insulated binding post 48 mounted on tube 18 and the other end of wire 46 is connected to tube 18 and a ground lead wire 50 by a machine screw 52.
  • a temperature responsive or thermostatic switch 56 with insulated lead wires 58 and 60 connected thereto is potted on upper end cap 40 by a suitable potting material 56, such as Acid-Alk Mortar No. 33 available from Sauereisen Cements Company of Pittsburgh, Pa.
  • a fuel injector 62 with a union 64 and a fuel screen 54 at the upper end of an evaporator tube 66 extends through and is fixed to the upper end of heater assembly 14 to discharge vaporized fuel into the interior of ceramic tube 38.
  • a tubular shield 68 on the upper end of heat exchanger 12 extends substantially above exhaust or outlet ports 36. Shield 68 is received over the upper end of outer tube 20 of heat exchanger 12 and retained thereon by a band or hose clamp 70.
  • a secondary evaporator assembly 72 is coaxially received in the lower end of heater assembly 14.
  • Evaporator assembly 72 has an evaporator tube 74 into which droplets of fuel discharged from tube 66 are funneled by a flared upper end 76.
  • Evaporator tube 74 is fixed to the lower end of heater assembly 14, extends through lower end cup 42, and is closed at the lower end thereof by a plug 78 received in a union 80 fixed thereto.
  • Heater assembly 14 is mounted substantially coaxially in heat exchanger 12 by an upper locator disc 82 and a lower locator disc 84.
  • Upper locator disc 82 both bears on the upper end of heater assembly 14 and abuts on three circumferentially spaced, inwardly struck tabs 86 in the upper end of inner tube 18.
  • Heater assembly 14 is yieldably urged into engagement with upper locator disc 82 by a spring 88 interposed between lower locator disc 84 and end cap 42 of the heater assembly.
  • Lower locator disc 84 is releasably retained in tube 18 by three circumferentially spaced tabs 90 received in three circumferentially spaced reentrant slots 92 in the lower end of tube 18.
  • gasoline may be supplied to injector 62 under pressure by a separate electric fuel pump 94 with an outlet connected by a line 96 through a tee 98 to the fuel line 100 of the vehicle (not shown) between the gasoline tank and the fuel pump of the internal combustion engine.
  • the outlet of pump 94 is connected to injector 62 through a fuel line 102.
  • catalytic heater 10 should be mounted so that the longitudinal axis of heater assembly 14 extends generally vertically with fuel injector 62 at the upper end thereof.
  • the catalytic heater 10 is mounted at a vertical height between the vertically highest and lowest points in the cooling system of the engine and preferably closer to the highest point thereof so that the liquid coolant will be circulated by a thermosiphon action through the heater and engine when the heater is operating.
  • the inlet conduit 28 of heat exchanger 12 is connected by a hose 106 to the engine cooling system at a low point thereof such as the engine drain opening or through a core plug in the side of the block of the engine.
  • the outlet conduit 30 of heat exchanger 12 is connected by a hose 108 to the engine cooling system at a higher point than the inlet 28 such as at the connection of the heater inlet hose to the cooling system of the vehicle.
  • the useful life of the catalytic agent of catalytic heater 10 is believed to be substantially decreased by contact of the catalytic agent with liquid fuel, and hence, no fuel should be supplied to the catalytic heater when it is not being operated.
  • the main fuel pump of at least some internal combustion engines creates sufficient pressure surges or pulses in fuel line 90 to force fuel through conventional electric fuel pumps utilized with catalytic heater 10 and thence into the catalytic heater when it is not operating, thereby decreasing the useful life of the catalytic agent thereof.
  • This may be prevented from happening by using conventional valves with a conventional electric pump supplying fuel to the catalytic heater by arranging the valves to prevent fuel from flowing through the conventional pump when the catalytic heater is not operating.
  • a specially designed pump such as pump 94, with a suitable valve arrangement incorporated directly therein.
  • pump 94 has a housing 110 with a flexible diaphragm 112 received therein and underlying a pump chamber 114 in a carrier plate 116 fixed in the housing.
  • Gasoline is admitted to pump chamber 114 through inlet conduit 118, inlet valve assembly 120, and passageway 122 through carrier plate 1 16 and discharged from the pump chamber through outlet passageway 124 in carrier plate 116, outlet valve assembly 126 and outlet conduit 128.
  • the gasoline is moved through pump chamber 114 by the flexing of diaphragm 112 which is actuated by an armature 130 con nected thereto, yieldably biased in one direction by a spring 132, and moved in the opposite direction by energization of solenoid coil 134.
  • the length of the stroke of armature 130 and hence the quantity of fuel delivered on each discharge stroke of pump 94 is controlled by adjustment of a threaded stop screw 136 received in a nut 138 fixed to housing 110.
  • Valve assembly 140 has a valve 142 with a bulbous stem 144 received for reciprocation in a counterbore 146 in carrier plate 116 to close and open (as shown in FIG. 3) fuel outlet passage 124.
  • Valve 142 has a metallic wear cap 148 on the lower surface thereof and is yieldably biased by a spring 150 received in an annular pocket 152 into engagement with armature 130 for reciprocation therewith.
  • valve 142 In operation of pump 94 energization of coil 134 moves armature 130 to the position shown in FIG. 3, thereby opening valve 142 and flexing diaphragm 112 to pull gasoline into pump chamber 114 through inlet conduit 118, inlet valve 120 and passageway 122.
  • coil 134 When coil 134 is de-energized, spring 132 moves armature 130 upwardly from the position shown in FIG. 3, thereby moving diaphragm 112 upwardly to discharge fuel from pump chamber 114 through passageway 124, outlet valve 126 and outlet conduit 128, and, upon completion of the discharge stroke of diaphragm 112, closing valve 142 against the bias of spring 150.
  • valve 142 remains closed so long as coil 134 is de energized, thereby preventing gasoline from being forced through pump 94 when the pump is not operating by pressure surges or pulses in the fuel line 100 to which inlet conduit 118 is connected.
  • Control section 172 comprises a comparator 174 having a reference input 176 connected through a resistor 178 to bus 160, and having a threshold input 180 connected through a resistor 182 to bus 160 and through a capacitor 184 to ground 186 of the vehicle frame.
  • a latch 188 receives a first input 190 from the output 192 of comparator 174, and a second input 194 from bus 160 directly.
  • Latch 188 has an output 196 connected through the anode-cathode junction of a silicon diode 198 and thence through a coil 200 of a relay 202 to ground 186.
  • a second diode 204 is connected in reverse polarity across coil 200 to suppress inductive ringing in the coil when relay 202 turns off.
  • Relay 202 also has a pair of normally open contacts 206, 208 connected to bus 160 and preheat element 46, and responsive to energization of coil 200 to apply battery power directly to heating element 46.
  • preheat control section 172 In the operation of preheat control section 172, the output of latch 188 is initially set to a high voltage state by application of battery power to bus 160. This relatively high voltage forward biases diode 198 so that relay 202 is energized and preheat current is supplied to element 46. At the same time current flows through resistor 182 and into capacitor 184 so that a charge is
  • a control box 156 with an electronic circuit 158 shown schematically in FIG. 10 cycles catalytic heater 10 and fuel pump 94. Power is supplied to a DC power bus 160 of control circuit 158 from a battery 161 of the vehicle through a fuse 162 and a master power switch 164 with an indicator light 166 connected by lead lines 168, 169 and 170.
  • Circuit 158 has a preheat control section 172 which is responsive to application of battery power to bus 160 to apply power to heating element 46 for a predetermined time interval to preheat the catalyst of heater asgradually built up thereupon.
  • preheat control section 172 which is responsive to application of battery power to bus 160 to apply power to heating element 46 for a predetermined time interval to preheat the catalyst of heater asgradually built up thereupon.
  • the voltage on the capacitor at threshold input of comparator 174 exceeds the reference voltage at input 176 so that the comparator provides a reset signal at input of latch 188.
  • the latch is thus reset so that the output thereof goes low and relay 202 is deenergized until master switch 164 is turned off and then on again to reset latch 188 to a high voltage state.
  • the preheat time interval determined by resistor 182 and capacitor 184 may be in the range of 10 to 15 minutes and is preferably in the range of 12 to 14 minutes.
  • Control circuit 158 further comprises a pump control section 210 which includes a first comparator 212 having its reference input 214 connected through a resistor 216 to bus 160, and through series connected resistors,
  • a filter capacitor 230 is connected across resistor 220.
  • the threshold input 232 of comparator 212 is connected through series connected resistors 234, 236 to bus 160, and through a capacitor 238 to ground 186.
  • a second comparator 240 has its threshold input 242 connected to threshold input 232 of comparator 212, and has its reference input 244 connected to the junction of resistors 218, 220. Resistors 216, 218 and 220 thus form a voltage divider which places a first reference voltage at reference input 214 of comparator 212, and a second lower reference voltage at the reference input 244 of comparator 240.
  • a resistor 222 and a normally open pushbutton switch are connected in series across resistor 236. Switch 228 is mounted on control box 156 and may be manually activated to prime pump 94 as explained in detail hereinafter.
  • a latch 246 has a first input 248 connected to the output 250 of comparator 212, and has a second input 252 connected to the output 254 of comparator 240.
  • the output 256 of latch 246 is connected through a resistor 258 to the base of a PNP transistor 260 which has its emitter connected to bus 160 and its collector connected through the solenoid coil 134 of pump 94 to ground 186.
  • a diode 262 is connected in reverse polarity across coil 126 to suppress inductive ringing in the coil when transistor 260 turns ofi.
  • Output 256 of latch 246 is also connected through a resistor 272 to input 176 of comparator 174, and to a first input 264 of a discharge switch 266 which has a second input 268 connected to the junction of resistors 234, 236 and an out put 270 connected to ground 186.
  • output 256 of latch 246 is set high when battery power is initially applied to bus 160 so that the emitterbase junction of transistor 260 is reverse biased and current is blocked from coil 134 of pump 94. In the meantime current passes through resistors 236, 234 into capacitor 238 so that the voltage at threshold input 232 of comparator 212 gradually rises. When this rising voltage exceeds the reference voltage supplied at input 214 by voltage divider 216, 218, 220, comparator 212 supplies a reset input to latch 246 so that output 256 goes low, transistor 260 conducts and current is supplied to coil 134 of pump 94.
  • pump control circuit 210 operates as an oscillator which has a period and duty cycle dependent upon the relative values of resistors 216, 218, 220, 234, 236 and capacitor 238.
  • the charge time of capacitor 238 through resistors 236, 234 may be in the range of 5 to seconds and preferably is about 10 seconds while the discharge time thereof through resistor 234 and switch 266 may be in the range of 30 to 80 milliseconds and preferably is about 50 to 60 milliseconds
  • current is supplied to coil 126 of pump 94 preferably for 50 to 60 milliseconds at l0-second intervals.
  • a switch 228 is closed to place resistor 222 in parallel with resistor 236, thereby decreasing the charge time for capacitor 238 and increasing the rate at which pump 94 is cycled.
  • the decreased charge time for capacitor 238 when control section 210 is operating in the pump-priming mode may be in the range of 200 to 700 milliseconds and is preferably about 400 to 500 milliseconds.
  • Control circuit 158 also includes a pump inhibit circuit 274 which is responsive to the temperature of catalytic heater assembly 14 to selectively inhibit activation of pump control section 210 if heater device 10 is not functioning properly.
  • Circuit 274 includes a first NPN transistor 276 which has its base connected through a resistor 278 to the cathode of diode 198, and its emitter connected directly to ground 186.
  • the collector of transistor 276 is connected through a resistor 280 to bus 160, and to the base of a second NPN transistor 282.
  • the base of transistor 282 is also connected to ground 186 through normally open thermal switch 56 which is mounted on heater assembly 14 and responsive to the temperature thereof to connect the base of transistor 282 directly to ground.
  • transistor 282 vis connected to ground and the collector thereof is connected to the junction of resistor 234 and capacitor 238.
  • latch 188 supplies preheat current to element 46
  • transistor 276 is turned on and transistor 282 is turned off so that capacitor 238 is allowed to alternately charge and discharge as described above.
  • catalytic heater assembly 14 will be preheated to a temperature at which thermal switch 56 closes thereby connecting the base of transistor 282 to ground independently of preheat section 172 before the preheat section 172 turns off.
  • switch 56 will be open and current will be supplied to the baseemitter junction of transistor 282 through resistor 280. Transistor 282 will then be turned on to drain substantially all of the charges from capacitor 238, and to thereby inhibit further operation of pump control section 210 and hence pump 94.
  • the quantity of liquid fuel supplied to catalytic heater 10 during opera tion thereof should be controlled within close tolerances to assure that an excess quantity of liquid fuel is not supplied to the catalytic heater.
  • the quantity of liquid fuel supplied to heater 10 is controlled by adjustment of stop screw 136 of pump 94 and the rate of cycling of fuel pump 94 by pump control section 210 of control circuit 158.
  • catalytic heater 10 In using catalytic heater 10 to preheat the engine coolant of an internal combustion engine, master switch 162 is manually actuated to energize control circuit 158 to supply current to resistance heating element 46. Heating element 46 preheats at least portions of the catalytic agent of heater assembly 14 to an operating temperature which would produce a catalytic heat reaction with fuel discharged into the heater assembly.
  • the preheat control section 172 of circuit 158 controls the length of time current is supplied to heating element 46 and turns the heating element off after sufficient time has elapsed for at least portions of the cata lytic agent to be heated to an operating temperature.
  • fuel pump 94 Prior to the heating element being turned off by control section 172, fuel pump 94 is energized to discharge fuel through injector 132 into heating element 14 by the pump control section 210 of control circuit 158 and, if catalytic heater 10 is functioning properly, temperature responsive switch 56 closes to assure continued cycling of pump 94 to supply fuel to the catalytic heater.
  • the cyclic or pulsating flow of liquid fuel supplied by pump 94 to injector 62 is smoothed or evened out by fuel screen 65, at least partially vaporized by evaporator tube 66, and discharged therefrom into heater assembly 14.
  • the vaporized portion of the fuel under the influence of the catalytic agent of heater assembly 14 undergoes a catalytic reaction producing heat which warms liquid coolant in heat exchanger 12.
  • a fuel pump to provide said hydrocarbon fuel to said converter, said fuel pump including activating means responsive to the application of electrical power to supply said fuel to said converter, and oscillator circuit means responsive to connection to a source of electric power to cyclically apply electric power to said activating means to cycle said fuel pump.
  • said oscillator circuit means comprises an electronic switch having first, second and control electrodes, said first and second electrodes connecting said pump activating means to a source of electric power in response to a control signal at said control electrode, and an oscillator connected to a source of electric power to provide said control signal, said oscillator having a first predetermined duty cycle.
  • said oscillator circuit means further comprises means electrically connected to said oscillator to change the duty cycle thereof from said first duty cycle to a second higher duty cycle, said last named means including a switch mechanically activated when priming of said fuel pump is required.
  • control circuit for preheating the catalytic material to a temperature at which the catalytic material will react with said hydrocarbon fuel, said control circuit comprising in combination, an electrical heater element disposed in heat-transfer relationship with said catalytic material, and energizing means to apply electric power to said heater element for a first predetermined period of time which is independent of the temperature of said material.
  • said energizing means comprises first switch means having an opened and a closed position, said switch means applying power to the remainder of said control circuit when in said closed position, and timing means responsive to application of said power through said first switch means to energize said heater element for said first predetermined period of time.
  • timing means comprises means responsive to closure of said switch means to provide a voltage signal which increases with time from a first to a second level, comparator means having a reference input connected to a source of electric power to provide a reference voltage at said reference input, a threshold input electrically connected to said closure responsive means, and an output responsive to reference and threshold inputs, and electronic switch means responsive to said comparator means to connect said heater element to a source of electric power when said threshold input is below said reference input and to disconnect said heater element from the source of power when said threshold input exceeds said reference input.
  • closure responsive means comprises a capacitor electrically connected to a source of power and to said threshold input.
  • a control circuit for preheating the catalytic material to a temperature at which the material will react with the hydrocarbon fuel comprising in combination, an electrical heater element disposed in heat-transfer relationship with said catalytic material, first switch means having an opened and closed position, said first switch means applying power to the remainder of the control circuit when in said closed position, means responsive to closure of said first switch means to provide a voltage signal which increases with time from a first to a second level, comparator means having a reference input electrically connected to a source of power to provide a reference voltage at said reference input, a threshold input electrically connected to said closure responsive means, and an .output responsive to reference and threshold inputs, and electronic switch means responsive to said comparator means to connect said heater element to the source of power when said threshold input is below said reference input and to disconnect said heater element from said power source when said threshold input
  • closure responsive means comprises a capacitor electrically connected to said power source and to said threshold input.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
US494207A 1974-08-02 1974-08-02 Catalytic heater control Expired - Lifetime US3901213A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US494207A US3901213A (en) 1974-08-02 1974-08-02 Catalytic heater control
CA231,485A CA1040288A (en) 1974-08-02 1975-07-15 Catalytic heater control
FR7524196A FR2280794A1 (fr) 1974-08-02 1975-08-01 Dispositif de chauffage par catalyse destine a prechauffer le liquide de refroidissement d'un moteur a combustion interne
SE7508718A SE7508718L (sv) 1974-08-02 1975-08-01 Katalytisk uppvermningsanordning
DE19752534533 DE2534533A1 (de) 1974-08-02 1975-08-01 Heizanlage

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US494207A US3901213A (en) 1974-08-02 1974-08-02 Catalytic heater control

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US3901213A true US3901213A (en) 1975-08-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US494207A Expired - Lifetime US3901213A (en) 1974-08-02 1974-08-02 Catalytic heater control

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US (1) US3901213A (de)
CA (1) CA1040288A (de)
DE (1) DE2534533A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2280794A1 (de)
SE (1) SE7508718L (de)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4916676A (en) * 1987-12-14 1990-04-10 Seiko Epson Corporation Electronic timepiece
US4964797A (en) * 1988-08-12 1990-10-23 Hilton Chester W Catalytic heater for internal combustion engines
US6712601B2 (en) * 2001-10-31 2004-03-30 Pgi International, Ltd. Low power starter for catalytic heaters
US6756020B1 (en) * 1999-08-06 2004-06-29 Ballard Power Systems Ag Combined component for afterburning anode exhaust gases from a fuel cell system and for vaporizing educts delivered by the fuel cell system
CN103983021A (zh) * 2014-05-28 2014-08-13 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 热泵热水器及其控制方法和控制装置
EP3307998A4 (de) * 2015-06-12 2019-03-06 BAE Systems Controls Inc. Verfahren und system zur reduzierung von emissionen aus einem verbrennungsmotor
US10359190B2 (en) * 2013-01-02 2019-07-23 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG Catalytic burner, especially for a vehicle heater

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3277886A (en) * 1964-05-15 1966-10-11 Ledbetter Gas-fired liquid heater
US3501257A (en) * 1968-01-22 1970-03-17 Chester W Hilton Heater for automobile cooling system

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3277886A (en) * 1964-05-15 1966-10-11 Ledbetter Gas-fired liquid heater
US3501257A (en) * 1968-01-22 1970-03-17 Chester W Hilton Heater for automobile cooling system

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4916676A (en) * 1987-12-14 1990-04-10 Seiko Epson Corporation Electronic timepiece
US4964797A (en) * 1988-08-12 1990-10-23 Hilton Chester W Catalytic heater for internal combustion engines
US6756020B1 (en) * 1999-08-06 2004-06-29 Ballard Power Systems Ag Combined component for afterburning anode exhaust gases from a fuel cell system and for vaporizing educts delivered by the fuel cell system
US6712601B2 (en) * 2001-10-31 2004-03-30 Pgi International, Ltd. Low power starter for catalytic heaters
US10359190B2 (en) * 2013-01-02 2019-07-23 Eberspächer Climate Control Systems GmbH & Co. KG Catalytic burner, especially for a vehicle heater
CN103983021A (zh) * 2014-05-28 2014-08-13 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 热泵热水器及其控制方法和控制装置
EP3307998A4 (de) * 2015-06-12 2019-03-06 BAE Systems Controls Inc. Verfahren und system zur reduzierung von emissionen aus einem verbrennungsmotor
US10876457B2 (en) 2015-06-12 2020-12-29 Bae Systems Controls Inc. Method and system for reducing emissions from an internal combustion engine
US11300033B2 (en) 2015-06-12 2022-04-12 Bae Systems Controls Inc. Method and system for a hybrid vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2280794A1 (fr) 1976-02-27
DE2534533A1 (de) 1976-02-19
CA1040288A (en) 1978-10-10
FR2280794B3 (de) 1978-03-17
SE7508718L (sv) 1976-02-03

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Owner name: HARRIS TRUST AND SAVINGS BANK, 111 WEST MONROE ST.

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:WALBRO CORPORATION A CORP. OF DE;REEL/FRAME:005660/0559

Effective date: 19910325