US3900699A - High-voltage and coolant feed apparatus for low temperature cooled conductors - Google Patents

High-voltage and coolant feed apparatus for low temperature cooled conductors Download PDF

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Publication number
US3900699A
US3900699A US472684A US47268474A US3900699A US 3900699 A US3900699 A US 3900699A US 472684 A US472684 A US 472684A US 47268474 A US47268474 A US 47268474A US 3900699 A US3900699 A US 3900699A
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vessel
conductor
apparatus recited
helium
disposed
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Peter Penczynksi
Gunther Matthaus
Peter Massek
Johann Liendl
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G15/00—Cable fittings
    • H02G15/34—Cable fittings for cryogenic cables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S505/00—Superconductor technology: apparatus, material, process
    • Y10S505/825—Apparatus per se, device per se, or process of making or operating same
    • Y10S505/884—Conductor
    • Y10S505/885—Cooling, or feeding, circulating, or distributing fluid; in superconductive apparatus

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT [22] Filed: May 23,1974 A high-voltage and coolant feed apparatus for low 1 temperature cooled electrical conductors, each of lrl l Appl' which is connected to a normally conductive electrical conductor and between which an electrical insulator 30] Foreign Application Priority Data member is disposed.
  • One end of the insulator member M, m 1972 Gummy 7327628 extends into a vessel containing a coolant, which vesv sel includes an outer shell and an inner shell fabri- [V' Us Cl 74/15 I74/DIG 74/73 R cated of electrical insulation material and through gh g v g H 7/34; H 1 H06 which an inner high voltage conductor of the appara- B Field of 174/15 BH BH l2 BH tus extends.
  • the vessel may also be disposed in an- 7 174/ C 22 R 72 27 3
  • the end of the superconductor which is maintained at a temperature below the transition temperature T is generally disposed in a cryogenic medium bath, e.g., a helium bath.
  • the normal metal electrical conductor may then comprise, at the junction point, individual wires, laminations or screens.
  • This type of current feed device is suitable for transmitting large currents and is described in The Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 38, No. 12 (Dec. 1967), pp. 1776-1779. Due to thermal losses in the current-feed components, however, the liquid helium in the bath is partially evaporated, and helium gas rises at the conductor laminations, wires or conductor screen, i.e., at the junction point, and removes both Joule heat and the heat influx from external sources.
  • the helium gas is warmed approximately to room temperature.
  • the helium bath may be equipped with an additional heat source, or alternatively, additional helium gas may be introduced into the current feed device.
  • the helium is generally collected at an upper junction of the normal metal conductor with an external power supply, and may be returned to, for example, a refrigeration machine for liquefication. Since the heat content of the gaseous coolant is efficiently utilized in such current feed devices, relatively little cooling effort is required.
  • German Offenlegungsschrift 1,665,940 describes a current feed device for electrical apparatus in which several normal metal conductors extend through several cooling chambers, each of which represents a cooling stage of a temperature cascade between room temperature and the superconduction temperature.
  • the cooling stage at the lowest temperature is cooled by helium at a temperature of several degrees K.
  • the normal metal conductors are connected to the superconductors of the cable in this stage, and the high-voltage conductors are disposed between the individual cooling stages in electrical insulation members which prevent breakdown between the outer components of the feed device, which are at ground potential, and the conductors.
  • the helium bath of the final cooling stage also serves to cool the superconductors of the cable and is replenished by means of a supply tube.
  • This supply tube is concentrically surrounded by a wider tube through which the evaporating helium of the bath and cable escapes. Both of these tubes are fabricated from insulation material. Since the length of the coolant feed devices are relatively short, such a current feed device is suitable only for use with relatively low conductor voltages. This is particularly true with respect to helium, due to its low dielectric strength.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 1t is therefore an object of the invention to provide a high-voltage and coolant feed apparatus for low temperature cooled electrical conductors which is suitable for use with high conductor voltages and currents.
  • an insulator member which is disposed between the normal metal conductors of the device and extends into the open end of a vessel containing coolant.
  • This vessel includes an outer, hollow, cylindrical shell which concentrically surrounds an inner hollow cylindrical shell both of which are fabricated of electrical insulation material.
  • a high voltage inner conductor, which is connected to an inner normal metal conductor, extends through this vessel.
  • the outer high voltage conductor and the outer normal metal conductor are connected externally of the insulator member.
  • the advantage of the invention is that the coolant which is used to cool the current feed components can be supplied to the feed device at ground potential.
  • the current losses due to ohmic resistance and heat conduction can thus be kept low, since the conductor cross-section may be optimized according to operating current requirements, and the coolant evaporated by such losses may be utilized according to the counterflow principle to cool the normal metal conductors of the device.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is an arrangement in which the described vessel is disposed in another vessel containing a coolant and having approximately the same shape.
  • the vessels form a space between them which serves as a flow space for the coolant of the additional vessel, access to which is provided at the end of the inner conductor of the device.
  • all of the coolant which cools the current feed components and the inner and outer conductors may be supplied at ground potential.
  • the high-voltage dielectric strength for the apparatus of the invention is provided by an insulator member which includes a voltage control, preferably a capacitor control, and has an approximately linear voltage characteristic.
  • Boiling helium is preferably used in the vessel, while single-phase helium is preferred for the flow through the vessel.
  • the boiling helium absorbs and removes the current feed losses, and the evaporated gas generated as a result of these losses is utilized to cool the normal metal conductors. Higher current feed losses cause increased evaporation, and, accordingly, increased cool ing of the normal metal conductors. Stable equilibrium conditions, thus, may be achieved.
  • the single-phase helium is preferably disposed in a closed-loop system under pressure to remove the phase conductor losses, and traverses the potential gradient between the outer and the inner conductors.
  • the single-phase helium directly contacts the superconductors of the inner conductor.
  • a permeable fine-pore filter may also be provided between the bottom of the vessel and the insulator member. Oscillations of the coolant caused by pressure differentials in the inner and outer gas space on both sides of the insulator member, which often occur when helium is used, are damped by this filter.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a high voltage and coolant feed apparatus for low temperature cooled conductors constructed according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a high voltage and coolant feed apparatus constructed according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectionl view of a cable line and intermediate coolant feed apparatus constructed according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a detailed cross-sectional view of the inner conductor construction of the apparatus of the invention.
  • FIG. I there is shown a vertically disposed terminal of a superconductive electrical conductor 1 which comprises one phase of a three-phase cable.
  • the cable is the type which may be utilized for the transmission of voltages of I I kV rms and currents of H) A.
  • three such ter minals are arranged in parallel relationship.
  • the power transmittable by such a three-phase cable is approximately 2000 MVA. Any other divisions of one phase into parallel individual conductors of course requires a similar arrangement of parallel terminals.
  • Conductor l is disposed in a vacuum-tight, hollow cylinder 2 and includes a hollow, cylindrical shaped, inner high voltage conductor 3.
  • Conductor 3 is surrounded by an outer conductor 4, which is at ground potential and in concentric relationship therewith. These conductors are preferably fabricated from a plurality of individual superconductive wires, and are permeable by the cooling media.
  • Inner conductor 3 is provided with a discshapcd contact plate 5 at its upper end, the diameter of which is greater than that of the inner conductor.
  • the plate may, for example. be fabricated of copper, and may be plated with a superconductive material,
  • the lower end of a tubular shaped inner normal metal conductor 6, which is preferably fabricated of a plurality of thin copper or aluminum wires, is connected to the outer edge of plate 5 in an electrically conductive manner.
  • An outer normal metal conductor 7 is disposed in concentric relationship about conductor 6 at a predetermined spacing with respect thereto, and is similarly constructed. Conductors 6 and 7 are preferably transposed with respect to each other so that the wires thereof carry equal amounts of current.
  • the lower end of conductor 7 is connected to the inner edge of a concentrically disposed annular contact plate 8.
  • the upper end of outer conductor 4, which is widened outwardly, is connected to the outer edge of plate 8.
  • Plate 8 is similar in design to plate 5 and surrounds the latter. Electrical current is fed to conductors 3 and 4 through plates 5 and 8 from conductors 6 ad 7.
  • Conductor 3, plate 5 and conductor 6 are at highvoltage potential in this arrangement while conductors 4 and 7 and plate 8 which surround the former, are at ground potential.
  • End 9 of the current feed formed by the contact plates comprises a cover for a hollow, cylindrical shaped vessel I0 which contains a cooling medium A.
  • a tubular shaped conductor enclosure 11 comprises the outer wall of vessel 10 and has a downwardly stepped configuration. Such an arrangement has the advantage that the volume of coolant A at the terminal may be limited, especially if helium is utilized as a coolant.
  • the cable including the conductor 1 is fastened to a bottom 12 of vessel 10 in a helium-tight manner.
  • the inner wall of vessel 10 is formed by an insulator member 13, which is disposed about inner conductor 3 in concentric relationship therewith.
  • the insulator member is disposed about conductor 3 so as to leave the upper end thereof exposed. Cooling medium thus flows into the interior of the coolant permeable inner conductors 3 through a gap which is formed between plate 5 and insulator member 13. Member 13 is surrounded by a high-voltage winding M, which is preferably provided with capacitor inserts for controlling the potential transition (gradient) in coolant A. Such controlled capacitors are described in detail in Kleines Lehrhuch der elekrrisr'hen Festigkeir, by P. Boening, Düsseldorf 1955), at pp. l40-l42. Another vessel 15, having a shape similar to that of vessel 10, and containing another coolant B, is disposed in vessel 10.
  • outer wall 16 of vessel 15 is fastened in a gas-tight manner to contact plate 8 and the inner wall thereof is fastened to contact plate 5.
  • Outer wall 16 of the vessel is fabricated of good thermally conductive material, e.g., copper
  • inner wall 17 is fabricated of electrical insulation material
  • Vessel 15 is spaced apart from vessel 10 so that sufficient flow space is provided between walls 16 and 11, and walls 17 and 14 or 13, respectively, for the coolant A.
  • Lower end 19 of a hollow cylindrical shaped insulator member I8 is spaced apart from and extends downwardly into vessel 15.
  • Insulator member I8 is disposed in the upper part of the terminal between inner and outer conductors 6 and 7, and contact plates 5 and 8, so that gas evaporating from coolant B in vessel 15 rises on both sides thereof along the normal metal conductors.
  • End 19 includes a potential control which is tapered inwardly and preferably has a linear characteristic.
  • the current and voltage are fed from a point at room temperature to a point at a low temperature, and vice versa, to conductors 3 and 4.
  • Conductors 6 and 7 serve as current transmission feed lines. Under optimum operating conditions the temperature at warmer ends and 21 of conductors 6 and 7 adjusts itself, and the normal metal conductors may thus be constructed so as to have equal lengths to avoid heat transfer through insulator member 18 and prevent disturbances of the optimum operating conditions. Moreover, radially directed mechanical stress in insulator member 18 is avoided, and the possibility of crack formation, which causes partial discharge and reduction of dielectric strength, is eliminated.
  • Maintenance of room temperature as the final temperature may also be achieved under non-operating conditions by connecting a hollow cylinder 22, fabricated of a good thermally conductive metal such as copper, to the normal metal conductor at end 20 thereof.
  • the cross-sectional area of the cylinder is preferably large relative to the cross-sectional area of the normal conductors.
  • An oil loop (not shown in the drawings) may also be provided at ends 20 and 21 of conductors 6 and 7 to maintain the room temperature as the final temperature. The formation of condensation at insulator member 18, which would reduce its dielectric strength, also is prevented by this arrangement.
  • Wires 3 and 4 of conductor 1 preferably comprise superconductor material which is stabilized by normal electrically conductive material, i.e., normal metal material, and include contacts as near as possible to colder end 9 of the current leads, i.e., at contact plates 5 and 8.
  • Current may thus be transmitted through the superconductors up to the transition temperatue T,., and the number of points of necessary contact for a current transition between the normal conductive material and the superconductive material may be minimized.
  • the supply and discharge of the coolant to and from the cable is carried out in the terminal thereof. If conductors 3 and 4 are superconductive, only helium is suitable as a cooling medium.
  • Separate helium baths are provided in the cable terminal, and boiling helium which fills vessel 15, absorbs the current feed losses.
  • This system is self-regulating, i.e., the volume of helium gas produced by the current feed losses cools normal metal conductors 6 and 7 and a stable equilibrium condition is thus obtained.
  • the pressurized single-phase helium A and C removes the current feed losses in inner conductor 3 and outer conductor 4. Since the current conducted by conductor 3 must be transmitted from the closed loop system containing helium A into boiling helium bath B, thermal separation ofthe helium baths is very difficult to achieve. It therefore must be assured that good thermal contact between the helium baths is maintained.
  • the temperature of boiling helium bath B may be adjusted by controlling the pressure of the evaporating coolant gas up to a critical temperature of about 5.22 K at 2.3 bar. Such pressure control may be required to maintain the temperature of helium bath B the same as the inlet or outlet temperature of helium bath A and helium C, so that heat transfer between the baths is prevented.
  • the phase conductor helium A and C is thus maintained in good thermal contact with helium bath B, and losses in the helium A and C feed lines may be absorbed by feeding them to bath B.
  • more of helium B evaporates and cools the current feed components more intensively.
  • the supply of helium B and the control of the helium level are preferably carried out at ground potential.
  • the voltage transition from ground to high-voltage potential in helium B is effected uniformly by means of the voltage-controlled lower end of the high-voltage insulator member. Oscillations of the helium B caused by pressure differentials in the inner and outer gas space on both sides of insulator member 18 are preferably damped by a fine-pore filter 23 disposed between the lower end of the insulator l8 and the bottom of the vessel 15.
  • the vessel 15 may, for example, have its outer wall 16 fabricated of metal and its inner wall 17 fabricated of electrical insulation material.
  • Thermal coupling of contact plates 5 and 8 at end 9 with helium bath B in vessel 15 is achieved in the space between insulator member 18, 19 and inner wall 17 of the helium bath by means of a hollow, metallic cylinder 24, which extends into the bath and externally of the insulator member 18, 19 by means of the outer metal wall 16 of the vessel 15.
  • Cooling gas flows past normal metal conductors 6 and 7 out through an external outlet 25 at ground potential and through outlet 26 at high voltage potential. It is preferable to collect the gas and transmit it to helium liquefiers by means of separate feed lines.
  • the maximum outflow temperature of single-phase helium A, which cools inner conductor 3, is determined by the temperature dependence of the a-c losses of the superconductor.
  • the outflow temperature In order to improve the efficiency of any connected refrigeration machines. it is preferable to set the outflow temperature as high as possible. At temperatures above 5.2 K, heat transfer to boiling helium B will take place, which results in increased evaporation of helium B and therefore more intensive cooling of the current feed components.
  • the losses in conductor 1 cause an increase in temperature of helium A and C.
  • the inlet and outlet temperatures are determined by the cable design, and the refrigeration machines utilized.
  • outer and inner conductors 3 and 4 are permeable by helium, so that helium may be supplied to the cooling system loops at ground potential.
  • the flow of helium A and C for the interior and exte rior cooling of conductor 1 may be divided by a three way valve 27 which is set at the helium entrance temperature.
  • Helium A is brought to high-voltage potential as it flows through the space between winding 14 around insulator member 13 and wall 17.
  • the voltage is increased between the inner and the outer conductors by means of winding 14, which is preferably provided with inserted capacitors
  • winding 14 which is preferably provided with inserted capacitors
  • the flow velocity must be relatively low. This is achieved by separating winding 14 and wall 17 by a large distance.
  • Helium C is conducted through helium bath A, and thus the same entrance temperature is obtained for both the inner and outer conductors. Cooling streams A and C are combined in the single-phase helium bath and exit therefrom at ground potential by an outlet line or are returned to the cable inlet in a separate, intermediate helium shield which surrounds the cable.
  • Insulator member 18 is inserted in the cable terminal and is sealed and fastened at room temperature in a helium-tight fashion.
  • conductor 1 and rotational symmetry of the insulator member 18 are arranged in concentric relationship, a concentric disposition of the current feed components, especially conductors 6 and 7, is preferable. Complete field compensation, avoidance of eddy current losses, and suppression of the skin effect are achieved if conductors 6 and 7 in the current feed components are transposed with respect to each other. Additional thermal insulation such as a nitrogen radiation shield 28 may, if desired, be disposed between outer vessel wall 11 and the outer tube surrounding the latter. Inner space 30 between conductors 6 and 7 is vacuum tight and may be evacuated to affect heat conduction by means of a nozzle 29.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment of the inven' tion which is basically the same as that shown in FIG. I.
  • single-phase helium A is fed to innner conductor 3 through space 30 by means of a hollow tube 33.
  • a centrally disposed, helium-tight feed-through coupling is provided in contact plate at the lower end of tube 33, and helium B in vessel 15 is shielded from inner conductor 3 by a high-voltage resistant insulator member 17.
  • a separate pipeline 34 is provided adjacent conductor 1 for feeding helium C and cooling outer conductor 4.
  • a feed In a cable in which all of the helium utilized is not supplied from a cable terminal, an intermediate feed must be provided. Such a feed is illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • helium A In such a cable, helium A must be supplied to inner conductor 3 without electrical phase interruption. This is effected in the same manner as in the cable terminal described in FIG. I: the helium supply is maintained at ground potential; the inner and outer conductors 3 and 4 of conductor 1 are constructed so as to be heliumpermeable; and the high voltage of helium A is gradually reduced by means of a voltage-controlled portion disposed between winding 14 on insulator member 13 and end 19 of insulator member 18.
  • helium may be supplied to the cable in both directions from one cooling medium supply.
  • the voltage reduction of helium A, and the return of the entire supply of cooling helium may be accomplished in either the cable terminal or at a deflection point.
  • the latter is preferably constructed in a manner similar to the intermediate feed described with reference to FIG. 3, except that a helium supply or discharge is not provided. All of helium A and C, which is fed by means of a two-way valve 35 to inner conductor 3 or outer conductor 4 in an intermediate feed, is instead returned in the intermediate helium shield to the cooling medium supply.
  • the boiling helium bath required for cooling the current feed components by a helium filling tube which is located between, and thermally insulated from the helium guide tube and the intermediate helium shield.
  • the helium gas generated at room temperatue is returned to the liquefier in a separate tube.
  • the closed helium loop need not be interrupted in order to cool the current feed components.
  • the phase conductor 1 may be fabricated in long lengths and is generally pulled into the helium guide tube when the cable is installed.
  • the junction of two phase conductors may be high-voltage-resistant, a characteristic which may be achieved by the symmetrical, voltage-controlled insulator member l8, 19.
  • Inner conductor 3 is rendered helium-tight by wrapping it with a plastic tape. Separation of the cooling loops for the helium A and C of the inner and outer conductors is thereby maintained.
  • FIG. 4 is a detailed illustration of part of the inner conductor 3 shown in FIGS. I, 2 and 3.
  • High voltage winding I4 which is described, for example, in German Auslegeschrift l,l4l,695 and 1,256,756, is concentrically disposed about inner conductor 3 and insulator 13.
  • the winding is shaped approximately in a double cone configuration having a common base, and is fabricated of an insulation material, such as, for example, polyethylene, in tape form which is wound around the inner conductor.
  • Capacitor inserts 37 in the form of metal foil or webs of metal, are concentrically wound into the high voltage winding and direct the transfer of potential in the coolant A.
  • a high-voltage and coolant feed apparatus including low temperature cooled electrical conductors disposed in a concentric arrangement with respect to each other, and each of which is coupled to one of a plurality of normally conductive electrical conductors disposed in the gas stream of an evaporating cooling medium and separated from each other by an electrical insulation member disposed therebetween, the improvement comprising a first vessel having an open end and containing a coolant into which one end of said electrical insulation member extends, said vessel comprising an inner hollow cylindrical shell and an outer hollow cylindrical shell concentrically disposed about said shell with said inner shell being fabricated of electrical insulation material, with at least one inner low temperature conductor extending through an inner space formed by said inner shell and being coupled to an inner normally conductive conductor, and at least one outer low temperatue cooled conductor being coupled to an outer normally conductive conductor externally of said insulation member.
  • cooling medium at least partially comprises helium.
  • cooling medium comprises boiling medium

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DE19732327628 DE2327628C3 (de) 1973-05-30 Hochspannungs- und Kühlmittelzuführung für auf Tieftemperatur gekühlte Leiter

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JP (1) JPS5023196A (it)
AT (1) AT336112B (it)
CA (1) CA1010517A (it)
CH (1) CH575186A5 (it)
FR (1) FR2232114B1 (it)
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4209658A (en) * 1977-08-15 1980-06-24 Hilal Mohamed A Method and apparatus for optimizing current leads carrying varying current
US4600802A (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-07-15 University Of Florida Cryogenic current lead and method
US4625193A (en) * 1984-06-04 1986-11-25 Ga Technologies Inc. Magnet lead assembly
US5319154A (en) * 1990-11-20 1994-06-07 Gec Alsthom Sa Method of cooling a current feed for very low temperature electrical equipment and device for implementing it
US20100087322A1 (en) * 2008-10-03 2010-04-08 Jie Yuan Electricity transmission cooling system
CN102623810A (zh) * 2011-01-26 2012-08-01 Ls电线有限公司 用于超导电缆的隔离接头
US9000295B1 (en) * 2012-05-10 2015-04-07 The Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc. Termination for gas cooled cryogenic power cables
CN116480951A (zh) * 2023-04-26 2023-07-25 江苏省骆运水利工程管理处 一种泵站上油缸两路供水的冷却设备

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DE4412761C2 (de) * 1994-04-13 1997-04-10 Siemens Ag Leiterdurchführung für ein Wechselstromgerät mit Supraleitung
JP5804320B2 (ja) * 2011-09-08 2015-11-04 住友電気工業株式会社 超電導ケーブルの端末構造

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US3539702A (en) * 1967-11-30 1970-11-10 British Insulated Callenders Termination for coaxial superconducting cable
US3659033A (en) * 1970-10-28 1972-04-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrical bushing having adjacent capacitor sections separated by axially continuous conductive layers, and including a cooling duct
US3715452A (en) * 1972-01-21 1973-02-06 Union Carbide Corp Porous fluid cooled electrical conductors
US3764726A (en) * 1971-11-17 1973-10-09 Siemens Ag Terminal for electrical apparatus with conductors cooled down to a low temperature
US3792220A (en) * 1972-09-19 1974-02-12 Hitachi Ltd Device for connecting extreme low temperature cable with normal temperature electric apparatus
US3801723A (en) * 1972-02-02 1974-04-02 Fujikura Ltd Structure of the terminal portion of a cable

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US3292016A (en) * 1962-09-22 1966-12-13 Siemens Ag Superconducting three-phase current cable
US3539702A (en) * 1967-11-30 1970-11-10 British Insulated Callenders Termination for coaxial superconducting cable
US3659033A (en) * 1970-10-28 1972-04-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electrical bushing having adjacent capacitor sections separated by axially continuous conductive layers, and including a cooling duct
US3764726A (en) * 1971-11-17 1973-10-09 Siemens Ag Terminal for electrical apparatus with conductors cooled down to a low temperature
US3715452A (en) * 1972-01-21 1973-02-06 Union Carbide Corp Porous fluid cooled electrical conductors
US3801723A (en) * 1972-02-02 1974-04-02 Fujikura Ltd Structure of the terminal portion of a cable
US3792220A (en) * 1972-09-19 1974-02-12 Hitachi Ltd Device for connecting extreme low temperature cable with normal temperature electric apparatus

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4209658A (en) * 1977-08-15 1980-06-24 Hilal Mohamed A Method and apparatus for optimizing current leads carrying varying current
US4625193A (en) * 1984-06-04 1986-11-25 Ga Technologies Inc. Magnet lead assembly
US4600802A (en) * 1984-07-17 1986-07-15 University Of Florida Cryogenic current lead and method
US5319154A (en) * 1990-11-20 1994-06-07 Gec Alsthom Sa Method of cooling a current feed for very low temperature electrical equipment and device for implementing it
US9646742B2 (en) 2008-10-03 2017-05-09 American Superconductor Corporation Electricity transmission cooling system
US20100087322A1 (en) * 2008-10-03 2010-04-08 Jie Yuan Electricity transmission cooling system
WO2010039513A1 (en) * 2008-10-03 2010-04-08 American Superconductor Corporation Electricity transmission cooling system
US8280467B2 (en) 2008-10-03 2012-10-02 American Superconductor Corporation Electricity transmission cooling system
KR101309688B1 (ko) * 2008-10-03 2013-09-23 아메리칸 수퍼컨덕터 코포레이션 전기 전송 냉각 시스템
US9653196B2 (en) 2008-10-03 2017-05-16 American Superconductor Corporation Electricity transmission cooling system
US9037202B2 (en) 2008-10-03 2015-05-19 American Superconductor Corporation Electricity transmission cooling system
CN102623810A (zh) * 2011-01-26 2012-08-01 Ls电线有限公司 用于超导电缆的隔离接头
US9000295B1 (en) * 2012-05-10 2015-04-07 The Florida State University Research Foundation, Inc. Termination for gas cooled cryogenic power cables
CN116480951A (zh) * 2023-04-26 2023-07-25 江苏省骆运水利工程管理处 一种泵站上油缸两路供水的冷却设备
CN116480951B (zh) * 2023-04-26 2023-10-17 江苏省骆运水利工程管理处 一种泵站上油缸两路供水的冷却设备

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IT1012935B (it) 1977-03-10
CA1010517A (en) 1977-05-17
JPS5023196A (it) 1975-03-12
AT336112B (de) 1977-04-25
CH575186A5 (it) 1976-04-30
FR2232114B1 (it) 1976-12-24
FR2232114A1 (it) 1974-12-27
GB1436486A (en) 1976-05-19
DE2327628B2 (it) 1975-12-11
ATA401474A (de) 1976-08-15
DE2327628A1 (de) 1974-12-12

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