US3899821A - Method of making metal piece having high density from metal powder - Google Patents

Method of making metal piece having high density from metal powder Download PDF

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Publication number
US3899821A
US3899821A US495631A US49563174A US3899821A US 3899821 A US3899821 A US 3899821A US 495631 A US495631 A US 495631A US 49563174 A US49563174 A US 49563174A US 3899821 A US3899821 A US 3899821A
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United States
Prior art keywords
powder
compacts
container
metal
high density
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US495631A
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English (en)
Inventor
Shunji Ito
Yasuaki Morioka
Yoshihiro Kajinaga
Ichio Sakurada
Minoru Nitta
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JFE Steel Corp
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Kawasaki Steel Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/17—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by forging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/1208—Containers or coating used therefor
    • B22F3/1258—Container manufacturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S75/00—Specialized metallurgical processes, compositions for use therein, consolidated metal powder compositions, and loose metal particulate mixtures
    • Y10S75/95—Consolidated metal powder compositions of >95% theoretical density, e.g. wrought
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method of making a metal piece having a high density from metal powder by heating and hot forging compacts obtained from the metal powder and stacked in a metallic container in atmospheric air without oxidizing the metal powder.
  • the first method (1) of sintering and forging metal powder has rapidly been closed up as an interesting technique for recent powder metallurgy.
  • This method is limited to production of small machine parts which are required to be subjected to a number of cutting steps and of which weight is on the order of at most 4 to 5 Kg.
  • this method is required to use a forging metallic die.
  • This method is intended to be replaced for the conventional mechanical cutting method of making a metal piece for the purpose of providing a material increase in yield and saving materials and mechanical power, thereby reducing the cost of the metal piece.
  • This method of sintering and forging metal piece has the disadvantage that the forging must be effected in a limited space in the metallic die, that a compact must be heated in a reducing atmosphere, that a large compact could not be forged owing to the presence of the metallic die, and that use must be made of exclusively pressing machine or forging machine.
  • the second method (2) of hot compressing metal powder by static pressure also has the disadvantage that provision must be made of a special apparatus, that a special atmosphere or pressure medium must be used for compressing the metal powder and that it is difficult to forge a large compact.
  • the apparatus used is difficult in handling.
  • the method is only applicable to a special metal piece.
  • the metal piece becomes expensive and could not be made in a mass-production scale.
  • the third method (3) of rolling metal powder has the disadvantage that it is difficult to make a continuous compact by means of rolls and that a reducing atmosphere must also be used for heating the compact.
  • the conventional methods 1) to (3) could not satisfy those conditions which are required in the method of making a metal piece from metal powder, and could not satisfy such conditions that heating and hot forging of the compacts can be effected in atmospheric air, that all of the steps can be effected in a less expensive and easy manner, that various types of forging machines can easily be used, and that large machine parts can easily be manufactured in a mass-production scale.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a method by which a large and macroscopically homogeneous metal piece can be obtained.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method which is capable of heating and hot forging compacts in atmospheric air in less expensive manner without oxidizing these compacts.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a method by which large machine parts can easily be manufactured by using various types of forging machines.
  • a feature of the invention is the provision of a method of making a metal piece having a high density from metal powder, comprising the steps of compacting metal powder to obtain compacts, stacking said compacts one upon the other in a metallic container having an upper open end, disposing a perforated carburizing protecting plate and solid reducing agent in succession on said stacked compacts, closing said upper open end of said container by means of a cover plate made of metal and having a degassing gap, heating said stacked compacts together with said container at a temperature from 1,000C to 1,300C in atmospheric air, hot forging said stacked compacts together with said container in atmospheric air to deform them, and finally cutting off said deformed container to obtain a metal piece having a high density.
  • the invention makes it possible to achieve not only heating of thecompact in atmospheric air but also hot forging in atmospheric air by using various types of forging machines while preventing the metal powder from being oxidized. As a result, the metal piece having a high density can be made in an extremely less expensive manner.
  • the method according to the invention may be applied to various fields of powder metallurgy.
  • the compact is subjected to a pretreatment such that the compact can be hot forged in atmospheric air prior to its after treatment.
  • the invention permits of easily obtaining a large macroscopically homogeneous metal piece.
  • the use of the same kind of metal powder ensures production of metal piece having no segregation. If at least two kinds of metal powders are used, these powders are fully mixed to each other prior to packing of the compact in a metallic container, and as a result, a homogeneous metal piece having no macroscopic segregation can be obtained, thereby improving the yield of the metal powder.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow sheet diagram showing successive steps of the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of one embodiment of a metallic container used in the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is its front elevation partly in section
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of another embodiment of the metallic container.
  • FIG. 5 is its front elevation partly in section.
  • A designates a metal powder mixing step, B a compacting step, C a sintering step and D a step of stacking compacts in a metallic container.
  • the sintering step C may be omitted and carry out the successive steps A-B-D instead of A- B-C-D.
  • step A metal powder is mixed with graphite powder, if necessary, and then compacted at the step B into compats which are then with or without sinterin g stacked in the metallic container one upon the other in the step D.
  • the compact is required to have a density ratio of at least percent of its theoretical density. A compact having a density ratio not higher than 70 percent becomes excessively contracted when it is hot forged at the step G, and as a result, it is impossible to sufficiently achieve the hot forging through the deformation of metallic container.
  • the compacts with or without subjected to the sintering step C may be stacked in the metallic container. But, it is preferable to stack the sintered compacts in the container for ease of handling.
  • carbon may be added to the iron powder for the purpose of adjusting the compositions of the metal piece. In this case, if carbon is alloyed beforehand with the iron, the compacting property of such iron-carbon alloy becomes deteriorated, so that it is preferable to mix the iron powder with graphite powder in the mixing step A and then to compact the mixed powder. As a result, it is preferable to make use of the sintering step C in order to fully diffuse the mixed components to each other.
  • the presence or absence of the sintering step C is not the essential part of the present invention.
  • the metallic container may be made of any materials which do not hinder the hot forging subjected to the stacked compacts.
  • the metallic container may be made of mild steel in case of hot forging stainless steel powder.
  • materials are selected which are less expensive in materials per se and forging cost, which can easily be plastically deformed without being broken and which are easy in handling.
  • the metallic container may be made of mild steel.
  • the metallic container may be manufactured in any suitable shape by means of customary methods such as pressing, extrusion, casting, welding, pressure bonding and the like by taking the shape of the metal piece and the compacts to be packed therein into consideration.
  • the metallic container constituting one of the essential parts of the invention will plays the following roles.
  • the metallic container prevents the graphite powder and the compacts from being fallen away therefrom. 2.
  • the outer wall surface of the metallic container becomes oxidized, thereby preventing the compacts from being oxidized.
  • the hot forging step G can be achieved without oxidizing the metal powder with the aid of oxidation protecting agent also packed in the metallic container, as will hereinafter be described.
  • the metallic container plays its special role over all steps inclusive of the packing step D, heating step F and forging step G.
  • the metallic container serves to confine the compacts therein, and as a result, these compacts are closely bonded to each other and made integral into one compact.
  • the metal powder may be compacted into a compact having any desired shape. Even when the compacts having a gap therebetween are subjected to the hot forging step, the metal piece thus obtained has no defeet at all, which proves that the method according to the invention is very useful for making the metal piece from the metal powder.
  • the wall thickness of the container it is not necessary to define the wall thickness of the container to a given value as it is associated with the material constituting the container.
  • the metallic container In the case of hot forging a large compact at a high temperature, the metallic container may be made thick in thickness, while in the case of hot forging a small compact at a low temperature, the metallic container may be made thin in thickness.
  • the method according to the invention is capable of easily providing a metal piece having a high density.
  • the density ratio of the compact to be forged is dependent upon the heating condition, forging condition, kind of metal powder and the like so that the wall thickness of the container must be adapted to the property of the metal piece by taking the after heat treatment step H into consideration.
  • the condition of determining the wall thickness of the container does not constitute the essential part of the invention.
  • the second essential part of the invention consists in a step E of packing an oxidation protecting agent in the container in order to prevent the packed compacts from being oxidized by atmospheric air.
  • the oxidation protecting agent packed in the con tainer plays a role of interrupting the atmospheric air from the compacts or of converting oxygen in the at mospheric air into a non-oxidizinng atmosphere so as to prevent the oxygen from being made contact with the compact.
  • oxidation protecting agent use may be made of a suitable substance in dependence with the heating temperature and the kind of materials for the container. It is preferable to use a solid reducing agent such as graphite, carbon or high molecular hydrocarbon and the like. The amount and kind of the solid reducing agent must be selected such that when the solid reducing agent is heated the solid reducing agent continues to generate a reducing gas during the heating thereof. Powder-like or particle-like reducing agent may be used for ease of handling, but use may also be made of a plate-shaped or wire-shaped reducing agent.
  • the graphite powder is easily available in market and is simple in handling.
  • Iron is easily alloyed with carbon to form steel, and as a result, even when the iron is carburized no defect occurs to the iron.
  • the combustion of the graphite powder is effected at a rate which is slower than the combustion of another oxidation pro tecting agents so that the graphite powder can not be exhausted even after a long heating at a high temperature, thereby fully preventing the compact in the container from being oxidized.
  • reference numeral 1 designates a metallic container and 2 compacts each obtained by compacting metal powder and stacked one upon the other in the container 1.
  • a perforated carburizing protecting plate 3 whose surface is purified and made of a suitable metal.
  • a proper amount of oxidation protecting agent 4 such as graphite powder and the like is packed in a space remained above the carburizing protecting plate 3.
  • Reference numeral 5 designates a cover plate secured to the upper peripheral edge of the container 1 and covering the upper surface of the graphite powder 4.
  • the cover plate 5 is provided at its center with a degassing hole 6.
  • the cover plate 5 may be secured to the upper peripheral edge 7 of the container 1, for example, by welding.
  • the cover plate 5 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 is of blind one whose diameter is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the container 1 and which is dropped onto the oxidation protecting agent 4 so as to sandwich the oxidation protecting agent 4 between the blind cover plate 5 and the perforated carburizing protecting plate 3.
  • the blind cover plate 5 may be secured at its two or three peripheral portions 8 to the upper inner wall of the container, for example, by spot welding.
  • the perforated carburizing protecting plate 3 serves to prevent the oxidation protecting agent 4 from being directly touched with the compacts 2.
  • the oxidation protecting agent 4 such as graphite powder is heated under such condition that its overall surface is exposed to the atmospheric air, a sudden combustion of the oxidation protecting agent 4 occurs and the compacts 2 become oxidized.
  • the cover plate 5 causes the oxidation protecting agent 4 to be slowly burnt on the one hand and substantially closes the container 1 so as to maintain the reducing atmosphere in the container 1 on the other hand.
  • the cover plate 5 is provided at its center with the degassing hole 6 or the cover plate 5 is freely dropped into the container 1 so as to cause the gas to be escaped through gaps formed between the periphery of the cover plate 5 and the inner wall surface of the container 1.
  • the kind and amount of the oxidation protecting agent 4 must be selected and the dimension of the degassing hole 6 and the gaps formed between the periphery of the cover plate 5 and the inner wall surface of the container 1 must be adjusted such that the oxidation protecting atmosphere is maintained in the container 1 during heating of the compacts 2 packed therein.
  • the boundary portions between adjacent compacts 2 are closely bonded to each other so that subsequent rolling or forging elongation can be effected in the lengthwise direction of the compacts 2 to obtain a desired metal piece.
  • the use of the measures of protecting the compacts 2 against oxidation and of hot forging the compacts 2 together with the container 1 in the atmospheric air ensure deformation of the container l and make it integral with the compacts 2 without oxidizing them.
  • the container 1 is made of material which is less expensive and easily forgeable and which is different in material from the compacts 2. As a result, it is the common practice to finally remove the container 1 from the compacts 2.
  • the container 1 may be removed from the compacts 2 after the compacts 2 have been forged into a slab-like or billetlike piece whose inside density is high. That is, at the intermediate step, the container 1 may be removed from such piece. Eventually, the container 1 may be remained as it is. It is a matter of course that the portion of the container 1 in which the oxidation protecting agent is packed is cut off after the hot forging step G has been completed.
  • step F it is preferable to heat the stacked compacts together with the metallic container at a temperature from 1,000C to 1,300C in atmospheric air.
  • the experimental tests have shown that if the heating temperature is lower than 1,000C, it is difficult to deform the stacked compacts and the metallic container, and that if the heating temperature is higher than 1,300C, the solid reducing agent 4 becomes suddenly gassified and escaped out of the container so that its reducing effect could not effectively and economically be use.
  • Particle 100 150 200 250 size +100 to ISO to 200 to 250 to 325 325 (Mesh) (a) Density ratio of metal piece: 99.8% Weight 1.4 18.3 35.6 14.9 17.2 22.6 Analytical value of yg 011% (c) Mechanical property.
  • Shape and dimension of container Shape: Cylinder Type, Assembled by Welding,
  • Heating furnace Atmosphere: Heating temperature:
  • Heating condition of compact and graphite powder Heating furnace: Heavy oil is used as fuel. Atmosphere: Atmospheric air.
  • Heating temperature About l,100C.
  • Forging ratio 4 Dimension after forging: Dia about 6OOL (mm)
  • Forging ratio 4 Dimension after forging: Dia about 6OOL (mm)
  • the sintered compact was packed into a container made of mild steel into which was also packed graphite powder as the oxidation protecting agent.
  • Example 2 use was made of the same iron powder as that used in the Example 1 and the iron powder was mixed with 0.44 percent by weight of graphite powder. This mixed iorn powder was compacted and directly packed into a container made iron mild steel. Thus, in the present Example 2 the compact was not sintered. Into the container was packed graphite powder and then heated in atmospheric air and finally hot forged into a round bar in atmospheric air and finally hot forged into a round bar in atmospheric air.
  • Example 3 use was made of low alloy steel powder obtained by customary water atomizing method and the low alloy steel powder was compacted and sintered.
  • the sintered compact was packed into a container made of mild steel into which was packed graphite powder.
  • the container was then heated in atmospheric air and finally hot forged into a round bar in atmospheric air.
  • the inventors have found out that substantially the same results as those obtained by the low alloy steel by using high allow steel having the following chemical composition.
  • the method according to the invention is capable of heating and hot forging metal powder is atmospheric air without oxidizing it and without necessitating any specially complex device.
  • the method according to the invention has the advantage that a metal piece having a high density can be obtained in an extremely less expensive and easy manner if compared with the conventional method, that a large machine part can be manufactured, and that new utility of powder metallurgy can be developed.
  • a method of making a macroscopically homogeneous metal piece having a high density from metal powder comprising the steps of compacting metal powder to obtain compacts, stacking said compacts one upon the other in a metallic container having an upper open end, disposing a perforated carburizing protecting plate and a solid reducing agent in succession on said stacked compacts so that said solid reducing agent does not di rectly touch said metal compacts, said solid reducing agent upon heating generates and maintains an oxidation protecting atomosphere, closing said upper open end of said container by means of a cover plate made of metal and having a degassing gap so that the conainer is otherwise sealed, heating said stacked compacts together with said container at a temperature from l,OOOC. to l,300C in atmospheric air, hot forging said stacked compacts together with said container in atmospheric air to deform them, and finally cutting off said deformed container to obtain the metal piece.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
US495631A 1973-08-09 1974-08-08 Method of making metal piece having high density from metal powder Expired - Lifetime US3899821A (en)

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JP8877573A JPS551323B2 (OSRAM) 1973-08-09 1973-08-09

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3992200A (en) * 1975-04-07 1976-11-16 Crucible Inc. Method of hot pressing using a getter
US4069042A (en) * 1975-12-08 1978-01-17 Aluminum Company Of America Method of pressing and forging metal powder
US4138250A (en) * 1975-11-18 1979-02-06 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Method for producing metal block having a high density with metal powder
US4178178A (en) * 1976-12-01 1979-12-11 Asea Ab Method of sealing hot isostatic containers
US4484644A (en) * 1980-09-02 1984-11-27 Ingersoll-Rand Company Sintered and forged article, and method of forming same
US4533407A (en) * 1981-03-30 1985-08-06 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Radial orientation rare earth-cobalt magnet rings
US4632702A (en) * 1985-10-15 1986-12-30 Worl-Tech Limited Manufacture and consolidation of alloy metal powder billets
US4699657A (en) * 1986-11-03 1987-10-13 Worl-Tech Limited Manufacture of fine grain metal powder billets and composites
US4818305A (en) * 1980-12-18 1989-04-04 Magnetfabrik Bonn Gmbh Process for the production of elongated articles, especially magnets, from hard powdered materials
US5124214A (en) * 1990-09-21 1992-06-23 Camborne Industries Plc Recycling scrap metal
WO1997020652A1 (en) * 1995-12-01 1997-06-12 Asea Brown Boveri Ab Method and device for hot-isostatic pressing of parts
US20100024512A1 (en) * 2006-10-05 2010-02-04 Shigeru Nishigori High strenght workpiece material and method and apparatus for producing the same
US20100147109A1 (en) * 2007-03-11 2010-06-17 Egon Evertz Method and device for producing binderless briquettes and briquettes comprising metal chips and metal dusts
US20140234017A1 (en) * 2012-06-25 2014-08-21 Kurimoto, Ltd. Long light metal billet and method for manufacturing the same

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5183859A (ja) * 1975-01-21 1976-07-22 Toyoda Chuo Kenkyusho Kk Kinzokuhenogenryotosurusoseikakohinnoseizohoho
JPS5681602A (en) * 1979-12-08 1981-07-03 Daido Steel Co Ltd Compaction method of metal powder
JPH01306507A (ja) * 1988-06-03 1989-12-11 Sanyo Special Steel Co Ltd 板状材料の製造方法

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US2457861A (en) * 1943-05-14 1949-01-04 Brassert & Co Method of manufacturing metal products
US3666454A (en) * 1970-12-04 1972-05-30 Federal Mogul Corp Method of making large sintered powdered metal parts without dies
US3665585A (en) * 1970-12-04 1972-05-30 Federal Mogul Corp Composite heavy-duty mechanism element and method of making the same
US3774289A (en) * 1969-09-09 1973-11-27 Antonsteel Ltd Processing of scrap metal
US3779747A (en) * 1972-09-05 1973-12-18 Gleason Works Process for heating and sintering ferrous powder metal compacts
US3837068A (en) * 1971-06-14 1974-09-24 Federal Mogul Corp Method of making a composite high-strength sleeve

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4825853A (OSRAM) * 1971-08-10 1973-04-04
JPS5328364B2 (OSRAM) * 1971-11-20 1978-08-14

Patent Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2457861A (en) * 1943-05-14 1949-01-04 Brassert & Co Method of manufacturing metal products
US3774289A (en) * 1969-09-09 1973-11-27 Antonsteel Ltd Processing of scrap metal
US3666454A (en) * 1970-12-04 1972-05-30 Federal Mogul Corp Method of making large sintered powdered metal parts without dies
US3665585A (en) * 1970-12-04 1972-05-30 Federal Mogul Corp Composite heavy-duty mechanism element and method of making the same
US3837068A (en) * 1971-06-14 1974-09-24 Federal Mogul Corp Method of making a composite high-strength sleeve
US3779747A (en) * 1972-09-05 1973-12-18 Gleason Works Process for heating and sintering ferrous powder metal compacts

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3992200A (en) * 1975-04-07 1976-11-16 Crucible Inc. Method of hot pressing using a getter
US4138250A (en) * 1975-11-18 1979-02-06 Kawasaki Steel Corporation Method for producing metal block having a high density with metal powder
US4069042A (en) * 1975-12-08 1978-01-17 Aluminum Company Of America Method of pressing and forging metal powder
US4178178A (en) * 1976-12-01 1979-12-11 Asea Ab Method of sealing hot isostatic containers
US4484644A (en) * 1980-09-02 1984-11-27 Ingersoll-Rand Company Sintered and forged article, and method of forming same
US4818305A (en) * 1980-12-18 1989-04-04 Magnetfabrik Bonn Gmbh Process for the production of elongated articles, especially magnets, from hard powdered materials
US4533407A (en) * 1981-03-30 1985-08-06 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Radial orientation rare earth-cobalt magnet rings
US4632702A (en) * 1985-10-15 1986-12-30 Worl-Tech Limited Manufacture and consolidation of alloy metal powder billets
US4699657A (en) * 1986-11-03 1987-10-13 Worl-Tech Limited Manufacture of fine grain metal powder billets and composites
US5124214A (en) * 1990-09-21 1992-06-23 Camborne Industries Plc Recycling scrap metal
US6331271B1 (en) 1995-12-01 2001-12-18 Flow Holdings Gmbh, (Sagl) Llc Method for hot-isostatic pressing of parts
US6250907B1 (en) 1995-12-01 2001-06-26 Flow Holdings Gmbh (Sagl), Llc Device for hot-isostatic pressing of parts
WO1997020652A1 (en) * 1995-12-01 1997-06-12 Asea Brown Boveri Ab Method and device for hot-isostatic pressing of parts
US20100024512A1 (en) * 2006-10-05 2010-02-04 Shigeru Nishigori High strenght workpiece material and method and apparatus for producing the same
US8250897B2 (en) * 2006-10-05 2012-08-28 Gohsyu Co., Ltd. High strength workpiece material and method and apparatus for producing the same
US20100147109A1 (en) * 2007-03-11 2010-06-17 Egon Evertz Method and device for producing binderless briquettes and briquettes comprising metal chips and metal dusts
US7981192B2 (en) * 2007-05-11 2011-07-19 Egon Evertz KG(GmbH & Co) Method and device for producing binderless briquettes and briquettes comprising metal chips and metal dusts
US20140234017A1 (en) * 2012-06-25 2014-08-21 Kurimoto, Ltd. Long light metal billet and method for manufacturing the same
US9044823B2 (en) * 2012-06-25 2015-06-02 Kurimoto, Ltd. Long light metal billet and method for manufacturing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5038612A (OSRAM) 1975-04-10
JPS551323B2 (OSRAM) 1980-01-12

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