US3898033A

US3898033A - Novel disazo dyes and aqueous concentrated solutions thereof

Info

Publication number: US3898033A
Application number: US369682A
Authority: US
Inventors: John H Mcleod
Original assignee: Allied Chemical Corp
Current assignee: Allied Corp
Priority date: 1971-03-01
Filing date: 1973-06-13
Publication date: 1975-08-05
Anticipated expiration: 1992-08-05

Abstract

Dyestuffs of the formula

WHEREIN X1 and X2 represent hydrogen, methyl or methoxy and the alkali metal salts thereof. Solutions of these dyes containing up to about 25 weight percent dissolved dye which are characterized by low viscosity and stability to gelation and dye precipitation are useful as homogeneous aqueous dye concentrates for dyeing paper and other cellulosic fibers in fast orange to red shades.

Description

United States Patent [191 McLeod NOVEL DISAZO DYES AND AQUEOUS CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS THEREOF [75] Inventor: John H. McLeod, Tonawanda, NY.

[73] Assignee: Allied Chemical Corporation,

New York, NY. [22] Filed: June 13, 1973 [211 App]. No.: 369,682

Related US. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 120,061, March 1, 1971,

I OH

1 I l o oo i H03 abandoned.

[52] US. Cl....., 8/26; 8/7; 8/41 R; 8/79; 260/175 [51] Int. Cl. D06? 1/06 [58] Field of Search 8/26; 260/175, 41 R, 79

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,746,955 5/1956 Armento 260/175 3,701,624 10/1972 Franklin ..8/7

[451 Aug. 5, 1975 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 12,899 1900 United Kingdom 260/175 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Neale et al., Tei tile Manufactures, January, 1944, p.

34. Primary Examiner-Donald Levy Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Anthony Stewart; Jay P. Friedenson 57 V ABSTRACT Dyestuffs of the formula eo o wherein X and X represent hydrogen, methyl or methoxy and the alkali metal salts thereof. Solutions of these dyes containing up to about 25 weight percent dissolved dye which are characterized by low viscosity and stability to gelation and dye precipitation are useful as homogeneous aqueous dye concentrates for dyeing paper and other cellulosic fibers in fast orange to red shades.

NHCONH 4 Claims, No Drawings NOVEL DISAZO DYES AND AQUEOUS CONCENTRATED SOLUTIONS THEREOF This is a division of application Ser. No. 120,061, filed Mar. l, 1971, and now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to novel disazo dyestuffs and more particularly to novel dyes which color paper and other cellulosic fibers in orange to red shades. It is particularly directed to novel disazo dyes which form concentrated stable, low viscosity aqueous dye solutions.

Recent developments in the dyeing techniques for cellulosic fibers such as paper, involving the introduction of automatic dyeing equipment requiring dyes in concentrated liquid form have intensified the need for water-soluble dyes which can be handled, stored, and charged to dye baths in the form of concentrated aqueous dye solutions. For such uses the concentrated aqueous dye solutions should conveniently contain up to about 25 weight percent dissolved dye, should be of relatively low viscosity to facilitate automatic metered ad dition to the dyebath, and should be capable of remaining a homogeneous liquid on long term storage even on exposure to elevated temperatures or to alternate freezing and thawing conditions such as occur in a temperate climate.

Known disazo dyes of the type prepared by aqueous alkaline coupling of about two molar proportions of a diazotized primary aromatic amine with about one molar proportion of 6,6'-ureylenebis-l-naphthol-3- sulfonic acid, that is l-acid urea or J-acid urea, while substantive to cellulosic fibers have several serious disadvantages which prevent their use in the form of concentrated aqueous dye solutions. Thus the known disazo dyes derived from l-acid urea are of low water solubility precluding their use in aqueous solutions containing more than about weight percent dissolved dye; have excessively high viscosities in aqueous media which precludes metered addition of their aqueous solutions; and/or form super-saturated aqueous solutions containing about 10 to weight percent dye which metastable solutions on storage rapidly precipitate dye solids or even solidify to gelatinous masses.

The undesirable excessive viscosity of the foregoing known disazo dyes derived from l-acid urea in aqueous media and/or the tendency of such dyes in water to precipitate dye solids or to gel to non-homogeneous masses has necessitated use of a special technique for preparation of these dyes which entails the inconvenient step of carrying out the dyestuff coupling at a moderately elevated temperature for example at about 4055C. This technique provides satisfactory yields of these dyestuffs at moderately dilute concentrations of the dye in the coupling mass such as concentrations of about 4 to 6 weight percent dye, but does not avoid the problems of high viscosity, dyestuff precipitation and gelation associated with more concentrated aqueous solutions of the known dyes.

An object of the present invention is the provision of novel disazo dyestuffs for paper and other cellulosic fibers.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The above objects are attained and the foregoing disadvantages of the above known disazo dyes are overcome in novel dyestuffs of the invention which have the formula o\n oi: 1:

cona O S H 3 K (I) wherein X and X are independently at each occurrence hydrogen, methyl or methoxy radicals and the alkali metal salts thereof.

The invention also includes aqueous solutions of these dyestuffs which contain up to about 25 weight percent dissolved dye.

The novel dyestuffs of the invention are soluble in water in amounts up to about 10 to 25 weight percent based on the weight of the aqueous dye solution. Such concentrated solutions of the present dyestuffs are surprisingly less viscous than similarly substituted bis(phenyl azo) I-acid urea dyes in aqueous media as is apparent from the comparison of the Table below. The present dye solutions are further uniquely characterized in being more stable to precipitation of dye solids and to gelation on long term storage at room temperature than corresponding solutions of similar l-acid urea disazo dyes by a factor of as much as 2,288 as is apparent from a comparison of the results of Examples 8 and 10 below. The concentrated dye solutions are also stable to precipitation of solids and to gelation on storage at moderately elevated temperatures, for example 50C. (122F.) or on storagew ith exposure to alternate freezing and thawing conditions as is illustrated in Examples 6 and 7 below. I

The critical structural features of the present dyestuffs which provide the aforementioned unobvious results in novel dyes of the invention are considered to be the positioning of the sulfonic acid substituent para to the azo linkage in the terminal azophenyl groups of the dyestuffs and the positioning of a hydrogen, methyl or methoxy group ortho to the azo-linkage in the aforementioned terminal phenyl-azo groups.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS THEREOF The dyestuffs of the invention can be prepared in excellent to substantially quantitative yields by conventional aqueous diazotization and aqueous alkaline coupling of sulfanilic acid, ortho-toluidine 4-sulfonic acid, ortho-anisidine 4-sulfonic acid or mixtures thereof into 6,6'-ureylene-bis-l-naphthol-3-sulfonic acid, that is I- acid urea, employing about two molar proportions of the diazotizable amino sulfonic acid per molar proportion of the l-acid urea. Because of the exceptionally good solubility and low viscosity of the present novel dyes in water, the aqueous alkaline coupling mass can be maintained at ambient temperature during coupling and need not be heated to 40-55C. in order to obtain satisfactory dye yields as is necessary in the preparation of known bis(phenyl azo) l-acid urea dyestuffs. In other words the aforementioned inconvenient heating technique, prescribed in the preparation of known disazo dyes derived from l-acid urea is not required or of any significant advantage in the preparation of the present novel dyes. Aqueous coupling masses containing up to 5 about 25 weight percent dissolved dyestuff prepared in accordance with the foregoing synthetic procedure can be used directly as the stable, low viscosity concentrated dye solutions of the invention or can be dried,

for example by conventional drum drying procedures,

to recover the solid dyestuff product without the necessity of salting the dye product out of the coupling mass solution.

Dyestuffs of the invention have excellent substantivity to paper, paper pulp and other cellulosic fibers such as cotton and dye these fibers strongly in attractive orange to red shades which are substantially fast to light, washing, that is to water, and to aqueous alkali and mineral acid. As is desirable in dyes for paper, dyeings of the present dyestuffs are substantially completely discharged on contact with conventional bleaching agents such as 3% by weight aqueous chlonne.

A dyestuff which constitutes a preferred embodiment on the invention because of the particularly attractive dyeing obtained therefrom is a mixture containing from about to mole percent of the dye (ll), from about 20 to 30 mole percent of the dye (Ill) and from about to mole percentof, dyeof the formula (IV) below as com! (or alkali metal. salt thereof) NHOON (or allt a lli irietal salt thereof) 8 NH 60 NH HOS- I (or alkali metal salt: thereof) about 20 weight percent, of other water soluble dyestuffs of different shade.

The concentratedstorage stable, low viscosity dye solutions of the invention can contain up to about 25 weight percent dissolved dye. For practical reasons the concentrated dye solutions of the invention preferably contain at least about l0 weight percent dissolved dye. Especially preferred concentrated dye solutions of the invention contain from about 13 to 20 weight percent dissolved dye. t

The novel dyes of the invention can be used in solid form in aqueous dyeing of cellulosic fibers such as cotton and paper according to conventional technique. Preferably the present dyes are utilized in the form of stable concentrated aqueous dye solutions in dyeing of the aforementioned fibers by techniques requiring addition of the dye in liquid form, for example, in automatic paper-dyeing apparatus which requires metered addition of an aqueous dye concentrate 'to the dye bath. The aqueous dyestuff solutions of the invention containing up to about 25 weight percent dissolved dye can also be utilized as liquid dye concentrates in applying multicolor designs to cellulosic fibers and fabrics without use of conventional textile printing equipment in accordance with the polychromatic pattern dyeing technique described in The American Dyestuff Reporter 59 (l) 56 (1970) and 60 (2) 20 (i971),

In the following examples which-serve to illustrate my invention, percentages and proportions are by weight (III) oo o H 30 a U3 EXAMPLE 1 Technical grade sulfanilic acid (10.4 g, containing 0.06 mole of sulfanilic acid) is charged to cc of water containing about0.l cc ofa polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate emulsification agent (Tween 20) and the mixture is agitated for minutes at ambient temperature. After addition of 13 cc of Be aqueous hydrochloric acid, the slurry is agitated for 30 minutes and cooled to about 20. To the resultant agitated mixture is charged 4.25 g (0.06 mole) of pulverulent sodium nitrite. About 0.50 cc of 30% aqueous sodium nitrite is charge to the mass to provide an excess of nitrous acid during diozotization. The diazotization mass is agitated at for minutes and the excess nitrous acid therein is destroyed by addition of sulfamic acid. The resultant aqueous diazotized sulfanilic acid is charged over a 30 minute period to an agitated mixture of technical grade 6,6-ureylene-bis-l-naphthol-3- sulfonic acid (14.4 g, containing 0.0285 mole of the 6,- 6'-ureylene-bis-l-naphthol-3-sulfonic acid) in 60 cc of water containing about 0.1 cc of a polyoxyetheylene EXAMPLE 2 The procedure of Example 1 is repeated substantially as described except that l 1.2 g (0.06 moles) of ortho- 5 toluidine sulfonic acid is employed as the diazo reactant instead of sulfanilic acid. The aqueous coupling mass (130 g) which is obtained is a dark red solution clear of suspended solids containing 28.2 g (0.0285 mole) of dye corresponding to a concentration of 10 21.7% of dye in solution or to about 0.022 mole per- 15 poises. A portionof the diluted solution which provides an excellent orange dyeing of paper is evaporated to dryness to recover the tetrasodium salt of the dyestuff which in its free. acid form has the formula l NHCONH/ so sorbitan monoalurate emulsification agent and about 25 8.0 g of sodium bicarbonate which has been agitated for 10 minutes heated to 60 and cooled to 25. During the addition of the diazotized sulfanilic acid to the coupling component, the temperature of the mixture is in range of about 20-28 and an additional 3.0 g of sodium becarbonate are charged to the mixture to main tain the coupling mixture alkaline to nitrazol yellow indicator. The resultant aqueous coupling mass (130 g) is a dark red solution clear of suspended solids containing 27.4 g (0.0285 mole) of dye corresponding to 21.1% concentration of dye in solution or to about 0.022 mole percent dye based on the weight of the coupling solution. The dye solution is diluted by addition of 62 g of water to a dye concentration of 14.25% and the viscosity of the solution is determined at 25 with a Brookfield viscometer to be 38.5 centipoises. A portion of the diluted solution which gives an excellent orange dyeing of paper is evaporated to dryness to recover the tetrasodium salt of the dyestuff which in its free acid form has the formula NHCONH EXAMPLE 3 The procedure of Example 1 is repeated substantially as described except that a mixture of 4.93 g (0.0285 mole) of sulfanilic acidand 5.89 g (0.0315 mole) of ortho-toluidine-4-sulfonic acid is charged as the diazo reactant in place of sulfanilic acid. The aqueous coupling mass 146 g) which is obtained is a dark red solution, clear of suspended solids, which contains 27.8 g

5 (0.0285 mole) of dye corresponding to a 19.1% concentration of dye in solution or to about 0.0196 mole percent dye based on the weight of the solution. The dye solution is diluted to a concentration of 14.25% dye by addition of 49 g of water, the Brookfield viscosity of the diluted'dye solution being 57 centipoises at 25. A portion of'the diluted dye solution which provides an excellent orange dyeing of paper is evaporated to dryness to obtain a mixture of tetrasodium salts of the following dyes which in their free acid form have the following formulae mic-omr' OH OH l oa o l E S03" S0 8 0 5 NHCONH SD R The molar ratio of the foregoing three dyes in the dine-4-fanilic acid and 2.2 cc of 30% aqueous sodium above dried product mixture and in the aforemennitrite is charged to provide excess nitrous acid during tioned dye solutions is about 1:1.2:2.2. diazotization. At the end of the 30 minute coupling pe- The following comparative Examples 45 relate to riod there is obtained an opaque paste (123 g) contain dyestuffs structurally similar to the dyes of the inven- 5 ing orange solid suspended in a dark red liquid which tion which do not possess the desirable solubility and continues to precipitate orange solid for several mm- I solution properties of the present dyestuffs. utes after completion of the coupling reaction. The

' EXAMPLE 4 23.4% dye based on the weight of the coupling mass: The procedure of Example 1 is repeated substantially The coupling mass is diluted to a dye content 'of as described except that about 10.4 g (0.06'mole) of 14.25% by addition of 79 g of water. A portion of the metanilic acid is employed as the diazo reactant in resultant slurry which is unsuitable as a homogeneous place of sulfanilic acid and about 1.0 cc of 30% aquedye olutlon for Coloring paper is evaporated to dryness ous sodium nitrite is charged to provide excess nitrous t0 r C the t tra dlum alt f the dye Whlchm ltS acid during diazotization. At the end of the 30 minute free a State has th formula cfi P1 n a c\'n 1 v Mo oo Wow H033 CONE 50 1i coupling period there is obtained an opaque paste (141 The viscosity of the 14.25% dye slurry is determined as g) Containing r ng Solid u p nded n a a k d liqin Example 1 and is compared with the viscosities of 'uid which continues to precipitate orange solid for sev- 14.25% dye solutions of the invention of Examples l-3 eral minutes after completion of the coupling reaction. in the Table below.

TABLE Viscosity of Diluted Coupling Mass (in Dyestuff ln Concentration of Dye Appearance of Centipoises as deter- Diluted ln Diluted Aqueous Diluted Coupling mined at with a Coupling Mass Coupling Mass 1 Mass Brookfield viscometer) (weight percent) Dyestuff product dark red homogeneous solution 1 of Example 1 14.25 clear of suspended solids 38.5 Dyestuff product of Example 2 I 68 Dyestuff mixture of Example 3 57 an opaque slurry consisting of Dyestuff product an orange solid suspended in a of Example 4 dark red liquid 7 6,200

an opaque slurry consisting of Dyestuff product an orange solid suspended in a of Example 5 dark red liquid 55,000

The coupling mass contains 27.4 g of dye correspond- The unusually low viscosities of the aqueous dyes of ing to 19.43% dye based on the weight of the mass. The the invention as compared to the excessively high viscoupling mass is diluted to a dye content of 14.25% by cosities of non-homogeneous aqueous dye masses of addition of 51 g of water. A portion of the resultant Examples 4 and 5 further demonstrate the suitability of slurry which is unsuitable as a homogeneous dye soluthe present dye solutions as concentrated dye solutions.- tion for coloring paper is evaporated to dryness to recover' the tetrasodium salt of the dye which in its free EXAMPLE 6 c vstate'has the f l Samples of the 14.25% dye solutions of Examples 1,

2, and 3 are sealed in glass bottles and stored at a con- OH OH The viscosity of the 14.25% dye slurry is determined as in Example 1 and is compared with the viscosities of 14.25% dye solutions of the invention of Examples l-3 in the Table below.

stant temperature of about 50. The samples are exam-- med at regular intervals to determine if precipitation of dye sol ds has occurred. The dye solution of Example EX M 5 1 exhibits precipitation of solids only after 96 hours of The procedure of Example 1 is repeated substantially as described except that 12.1 g (0.06 mole) of 2,3-'xyli- 168 hours.

coupling mass contains 28.8 g of dye corresponding to storage. The dye solutions of Examples 2 and 3 exhibit y no precipitation of solids even after storage at 50 for 9 EXAMPLE 7 Samples of the 14.25% dye solutions of Examples 1, 2 and 3 are sealed in bottles and subjected to alternate freezing and thawing conditions to determine the sta- 5 bility of the concentrated dye solutions toward thermal shock. In each freeze-thaw cycle the samples are maintained at below about 0 for from 21 to 69 hours to freeze the samples and are then allowed to stand for about three hours at room temperature, that is at about l0 28 in order to thaw the samples. At the end of each thawing period the liquid samples are examined for presence of suspended dye solids. The dye solutions of Examples 1, 2 and 3 remain homogeneous liquids devoid of suspended dye solids even after being sub- 15 EXAMPLE 8 The procedure of Example 1 is repeated, substanwhich however do not possess the desirable solubility and solution properties of the Example 8 dyestuff.

EXAMPLE 9 The procedure of Example l repeated substantially as described in diazotizing and coupling 0.06mole of ortho-anisidine-S-sulfonic acid into 0.0285 mole of 6,6-

'-ureylene-bis-l-naphthol-Bfsulfonic acid. The result ing aqueous coupling mass (201 g) is an exceeding viscous opaque aqueous paste containing bright red dye solid suspended in a dark red liquor. The coupling mass which is unsuitable as a homogeneous dye solution. for coloring paper, contains about 14%0f the tetrasodium salt of the dye which in its free acid form corresponds to the formula uo s EXAMPLEJO l The procedure of Example I is repeated substantially as described in diazotizing and coupling 0.06mole of paraanisidine-S-sulfonic acid into 0.0285 mole of 6.6/- ureylene-bis-l-naphthol-3#sulfonic acid. The resulting tially as described in diazotizing and coupling in aqueaqueous coupling product g) is an exceedingly V viscous red solution which on standing for about three hours at room temperature forms a non-pourable aqueous gel containing about 12.5% of the tetrasodium salt of the dye which in its free acid form corresponds to the ous media about 0.06 molar proportions of ortho-anisidine-4-sulfonic acid into about 14.4 g (0.0285 mole) of 6,6'-ureylene-bis-l-naphthol-3- sulfonic acid. The resultant coupling mass (193 g) which is a clear dark red solution devoid of suspended structural formula solid dyestuff contains about 14.6% of the tetrasodium salt of the dyestuff which in its free acid form has the formula OCH3 gag.

210 s CONH OH Oli The product gel is unsuitable as a homogeneous dye concentrate for coloring paper.

The following Example 11 illustrates the use of the OCH present dyes in coloring paper.

EXAMPLE 11 About 4 g of the 14.25% aqueous dye solution of Example 3 is diluted to 500 ml by addition of 496 g of water at ambient temperature. A 10 ml portion of the resultant solution is charged to 250 ml' of an aqueous slurry of 3 g of paper pulp (Puget Sound Bleached Sulfite pulp) and the resultant mixture is agitated at ambient temperature for about 10 minutes. To the mixture are charged 1 ml of a 3% aqueous slurry o a for fie bonate or a mixture of sodiumbicarbonate and lithium I r n size Hercules Powder and 3 ml of a bicarbonate as the alkaline agent in coupling step the 10% aqueous solution of alum (aluminum sulfate octafollowing additional-representative dyestuffs of-the indecahydrate). After being agitated for an additional 20 vention can be prepared I 0R OH OCH 3 g m s -N.Na-so a 3 KO S so x l NHCONH "0 5 NHCONH 80 minutes, the mixture is diluted to 2000 ml by addition 20 I claim:

of water and filtered through a metal screen. The resul- 1. mixture of dyestuffs comprising at least two diftant paper sheet which forms on the screen is pressed ferent compounds having the general formula 1 on o 2 03G MN m v I N." 803 HCO r between two layers of blotting paper to express any adwherein X} and are hydrogen; 'methyl or methoxy, herent dye liquor and dried at about l00 There is thus or the alkali metal salts thereof. obtained an excellent orange paper dyeing. 2. A mixture as claimed in claim l which is a mixture When the foregoing procedure is repeated omitting 35 of m abQut 20 to 30 mole Percent of the dyestuff the size and alum there is also obtained an excellent Whel'em 1 and 2 are hydrogen, from about 20 30 orange paper dyeing mole percent of the dyestuff wherein X and X are methyl and from about 40 to 60 mole percent of the The dyemgsexhrbrt relatively good fastness to water, d t ff wherein X is hydrogen and X is methyl. aqueous caustic, and aqueous acid and are substantially 40 3; A mixture f as l i d i l im 2 whi h contains completely discharged on contact with 3% chlorine wafrom about to mole percent of the dyestuff ter. wherein X and X are hydrogen from about 25 to The dyes of Examples 1, 2 and 8 also provide excelmole percent of the dyestuff wherein X and X are lent paper dyeings by the aforementioned dyeing promethyl and from about to 55 mole percent of the cedure. 45 dyestuff wherein X is hydrogen and X is methyl.

By the foregoing reaction technique 5, employing a 4. A mixture as claimed in claim 3 wherein the commixture of sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarponent dyestuffs are tetrasodium salts.

Claims

1. A MIXTURE OF DYESTUFFS COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO DIFFERENT COMPOUNDS HAVING THE GENERAL FORMULA

2. A mixture as claimed in claim 1 which is a mixture of from about 20 to 30 mole percent of the dyestuff wherein X1 and X2 are hydrogen, from about 20 to 30 mole percent of the dyestuff wherein X1 and X2 are methyl and from about 40 to 60 mole percent of the dyestuff wherein X1 is hydrogen and X2 is methyl.

3. A mixture of as claimed in claim 2 which contains from about 20 to 25 mole percent of the dyestuff wherein X1 and X2 are hydrogen from about 25 to 30 mole percent of the dyestuff wherein X1 and X2 are methyl and from about 45 to 55 mole percent of the dyestuff wherein X1 is hydrogen and X2 is methyl.

4. A mixture as claimed in claim 3 wherein the component dyestuffs are tetrasodium salts.