US3896630A - Method for starting a {hu 3{b He-{hu 4{b He dilution refrigerator - Google Patents

Method for starting a {hu 3{b He-{hu 4{b He dilution refrigerator Download PDF

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Publication number
US3896630A
US3896630A US340953A US34095373A US3896630A US 3896630 A US3896630 A US 3896630A US 340953 A US340953 A US 340953A US 34095373 A US34095373 A US 34095373A US 3896630 A US3896630 A US 3896630A
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United States
Prior art keywords
duct
inlet
outlet
reservoir
chamber
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Expired - Lifetime
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US340953A
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English (en)
Inventor
Adrianus Petrus Severijns
Frans Adrianus Staas
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/12—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using 3He-4He dilution

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method of starting a device for transporting heat from a lower to a higher temperature level, the said device comprising a mixing chamber which is provided with an inlet duct and a connection duct which exchanges heat therewith, the other end of the said connection duct communicating with an evaporation reservoir, the inlet duct communicating with the outlet side of the pumping device, the drawing side of which is connected, via an outlet duct, to the evaporation reservoir, the quantity of He and He mixture required during operation being condensed in the device, during starting, via the outlet duct, after which part of the gas is withdrawn from the device, via the outlet duct, by means of the pumping device and is stored in an auxiliary reservoir.
  • this auxiliary reservoir is connected to the outlet duct, so that the gas condenses in the device again, this procedure being repeated a few times, after which the inlet duct is connected to the outlet and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the pumping device, and the heat transport commences.
  • the invention relates to a method of starting a device for transporting heat from a lower to a higher temperature level, both levels being situated below the A-temperature of helium.
  • a said device comprises a mixing chamber provided with an inlet duct and a connection duct which exchanges heat therewith, and the other end of the connection duct communicates with an evaporation reservoir.
  • the mixing chamber, the part of the inlet duct which communicates therewith, the evaporation reservoir and the connection duct are arranged in a vacuum space which in turn is situated in a cryostat in which liquid helium is present during operation.
  • the inlet duct communicates with the outlet side of a pumping device, the suction side of which communicates, via an outlet duct, with the evaporation reservoir.
  • the cryostat is filled with liquid helium upon starting, and a mixture of He and *He is introduced in the device in which it condenses, after which the pumping device is started.
  • the described method can be performed, for example, for starting a device as described in US. Pat. No. 3,195,322.
  • this known device contains a mixture of He and He, the mixing chamber having a temperature of approximately 0.06K, the evaporation reservoir having a temperature of approximately O.7l(.
  • a mixture which consists mainly of He is applied to the mixing chamber via the connection duct after having been cooled in the various heat exchangers.
  • a phase separation takes place in liquid He-He mixtures, i.e. into a lie-rich phase and a He-poor phase.
  • the phase separation takes place in the mixing chamber.
  • the transition from the applied He-rich phase to the He-poor phase causes dilution and the mixing heat required for this purpose produces a cooling effect.
  • the He in the superfluid He present in the outlet duct will expand further, thus producing a large quantity of cold which, however, is required substantially completely for the cooling of the He flow in the inlet duct.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method by which reliable starting with the fixed quantity of He- Ei; mixture in the closed system is ensured.
  • this method is characterized in that the quantity of He- He mixture required during operation is condensed in the device via the outlet duct, while the inlet duct is closed, after which, using the pumping device, part of the gas is withdrawn from the device via the outlet duct and is stored in an auxiliary reservoir which is subsequently connected to the outlet duct so that the gas condenses again in the device; this procedure being repeated a few times, after which the inlet duct is connected to the outlet and the outlet duct is connected to the inlet of the pumping device, and the heat transport commences.
  • the gas drawn by the pump Due to the successive pumping and condensing along the outlet duct (repeated approximately four times), the gas drawn by the pump has a very rich concentration of He (96 He or more), so that the refrigeration process starts immediately. If this were not done, the gas mixture applied to the inlet duct would not contain enough He and the device would not start or only very slowly.
  • the invention furthermore relates to a device which is suitable for performing the afore described method.
  • a device which is suitable for performing the afore described method.
  • the mixing chamber, the part of the inlet duct which communicates therewith, the evaporation reservoir and the connection duct are arranged in a vacuum space which is situated in a cryostat in which liquid helium is present when the device is in operation.
  • the inlet duct communicating with the outlet of a pumping device, the drawing side of which is connected, via an outlet duct, to the evaporation reservoir.
  • this device is characterized in that it comprises a reservoir which can be connected, via at least one valve, to the outlet duct and which can contain a mixture of He and He which is sufficient to fill the device in the operating condition, a connection duct beingprovided between the inlet duct and the outlet duct in which a valve is provided, the inlet duct also comprising a valve, an auxiliary reservoir being incorporated in the outlet duct between the said valve and the outlet of the pumping device, it being possible that the outlet duct also comprises a valve.
  • a thermally insulated cryostat has walls 8 which define therein a first chamber 8a for liquid helium which chamber surrounds a vacuum space 7.
  • a mixing chamber is denoted in the drawing by the reference numeral 1. Via a connection duct 2, the mixing chamber 1 is connected to an evaporation reservoir 3.
  • An inlet duct 4 has first part 4a within space 7 and second part 4b within chamber 8a. The first part 40 communicates with the mixing chamber inlet.
  • An outlet duct 5 has first part 5a or 2 within the space 7 and a second part 5b within the chamber 8a. The second part 5b communicates with the evaporation reservoir 3.
  • the inlet duct 4a exchanges heat with the connection duct 2 at the area 6.
  • the mixing chamber 1, the evaporation reservoir 3 and the connection duct 2 are arranged in a vacuum space 7 which in its turn is arranged in a diagrammatically shown, thermally insulated cryostat 8.
  • the device furthermore comprises a pumping device 9 which is formed by a diffusion pump 10 and a rotation pump 11.
  • the inlet of pumping device 9 communi cates, via a valve 12, with the outlet duct 5, while the outlet 13 of the pumping device communicates, via a duct 14, incorporating an auxiliary reservoir 15, and via a valve 16, with the inlet duct 4.
  • a connection duct 17 with valve 18 connects the duct 14 to the outlet duct 5.
  • the device furthermore comprises a reservoir 19 which can communicate with duct 14 via a valve 20. It is to be noted that this reservoir 19 can also be directly connected to the outlet duct 5 via a valve.
  • valves 12 and 16 are closed, and valves 18 and 20 are opened so that the He-l-le mixture present in reservoir 19 condenses in the cold part 8a of the device.
  • valves 20 and 18 are closed and valve 12 is opened, after which the pumping device draws gas via the outlet duct 5 which is stored in auxiliary reservoir 15.
  • valve 12 is closed again and valve 18 is opened with the result that the gas flows from the auxiliary reservoir to the cold parts 80 of the device again, where it condenses. This is repeated about four times after which valve 18 is closed and valves 12 and 16 are opened.
  • the refrigeration process is then started, the pump now drawing a richly concentrated gas mixture (at least 96% He) via outlet duct 5, and feeding this mixture to the inlet duct 4.
  • This rich gas mixture is subjected to a phase transition in the mixing chamber 1, i.e. to the l-le-poor phase, thus producing cold. It is thus achieved that the starting is reliable and that cold is directly produced.
  • a method of starting a device for transporting heat from a lower level to a higher level, both levels being vbelow the )t temperature of helium including: a cryostat whose walls define therein a vacuum space, and surrounding said space a first chamber for liquid helium, and within said vacuum space a mixing chamber with inlet and outlet means, a first evaporation reservoir with inlet and outlet means, a connection duct between the mixing chamber outlet and the evaporation reservoir inlet, and an inlet duct having a first part within said vacuum space in heat exchange with said connection duct and discharging in said mixing chamber inlet, and within said first chamber an outlet duct connected to said evaporation reservoir outlet and a second part of said inlet duct leading to said first part, the device further comprising a second reservoir con taining a He- He mixture and pumping means having inlet and discharge means, an auxilliary reservoir intermediate the pump discharge and second part of the inlet duct, and the pump inlet communicating with
  • a cryostat apparatus for producing refrigeration including thermally-insulated walls defining therein a first chamber for liquid helium, and within said first chamber a vacuum space, and within said vacuum space a mixing chamber with inlet and outlet and spaced apart from said mixing chamber an evaporation reservoir also within said vacuum space with inlet and outlet, a connection duct interconnecting said mixing chamber outlet and evaporation reservoir inlet, and an inlet duct first part in heat exchange relationship with said connection duct and feeding said mixing chamber inlet, the apparatus further comprising within said first chamber a second part of said inlet duct feeding the first part thereof, and an outlet duct connected to the evaporation reservoir outlet, the apparatus further comprising an external reservoir for lie-*l-le mixture, duct means communicating said external reservoir with said inlet duct, pump means having an inlet communicating with said outlet duct, and an outlet communicating with said inlet duct, and an auxilliary reservoir intermediate said pump outlet and said inlet duct and means for permitting flow selectively (i) only from the external reservoir to the external

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US340953A 1972-03-17 1973-03-14 Method for starting a {hu 3{b He-{hu 4{b He dilution refrigerator Expired - Lifetime US3896630A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7203556A NL7203556A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-17 1972-03-17

Publications (1)

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US3896630A true US3896630A (en) 1975-07-29

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US340953A Expired - Lifetime US3896630A (en) 1972-03-17 1973-03-14 Method for starting a {hu 3{b He-{hu 4{b He dilution refrigerator

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3896630A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4912439A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2308223A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2176731B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1382376A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7203556A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4213311A (en) * 1977-12-16 1980-07-22 U.S. Philips Corporation Superleak
US4297856A (en) * 1979-03-14 1981-11-03 U.S. Philips Corporation 3 He-4 He Dilution refrigerator
US4499737A (en) * 1982-03-23 1985-02-19 International Business Machines Corporation Method and dilution refrigerator for cooling at temperatures below 1° K.
US4770006A (en) * 1987-05-01 1988-09-13 Arch Development Corp. Helium dilution refrigeration system
US5172554A (en) * 1991-04-02 1992-12-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Superfluid thermodynamic cycle refrigerator

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195322A (en) * 1961-09-22 1965-07-20 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Refrigerator employing helium
US3376712A (en) * 1966-03-16 1968-04-09 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Refrigerators operating at very low temperatures
US3447333A (en) * 1967-03-17 1969-06-03 California Inst Res Found Helium film refrigerator
US3472038A (en) * 1967-04-22 1969-10-14 Philips Corp Apparatus and method for transferring heat from a lower temperature level to a higher temperature level
US3581512A (en) * 1968-06-05 1971-06-01 Philips Corp Liquid helium refrigeration apparatus and method
US3589138A (en) * 1968-06-05 1971-06-29 Philips Corp Device for transporting thermal energy from a lower to higher temperature level
US3713305A (en) * 1968-06-05 1973-01-30 Philips Corp DEVICE FOR PRODUCING COLD AT TEMPERATURE LOWER THAN THAT OF lambda -POINT OF HELIUM

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195322A (en) * 1961-09-22 1965-07-20 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Refrigerator employing helium
US3376712A (en) * 1966-03-16 1968-04-09 Atomic Energy Authority Uk Refrigerators operating at very low temperatures
US3447333A (en) * 1967-03-17 1969-06-03 California Inst Res Found Helium film refrigerator
US3472038A (en) * 1967-04-22 1969-10-14 Philips Corp Apparatus and method for transferring heat from a lower temperature level to a higher temperature level
US3581512A (en) * 1968-06-05 1971-06-01 Philips Corp Liquid helium refrigeration apparatus and method
US3589138A (en) * 1968-06-05 1971-06-29 Philips Corp Device for transporting thermal energy from a lower to higher temperature level
US3713305A (en) * 1968-06-05 1973-01-30 Philips Corp DEVICE FOR PRODUCING COLD AT TEMPERATURE LOWER THAN THAT OF lambda -POINT OF HELIUM

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4213311A (en) * 1977-12-16 1980-07-22 U.S. Philips Corporation Superleak
US4297856A (en) * 1979-03-14 1981-11-03 U.S. Philips Corporation 3 He-4 He Dilution refrigerator
US4499737A (en) * 1982-03-23 1985-02-19 International Business Machines Corporation Method and dilution refrigerator for cooling at temperatures below 1° K.
US4770006A (en) * 1987-05-01 1988-09-13 Arch Development Corp. Helium dilution refrigeration system
WO1988008507A1 (en) * 1987-05-01 1988-11-03 Arch Development Corp. Helium dilution refrigeration system
US5172554A (en) * 1991-04-02 1992-12-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Superfluid thermodynamic cycle refrigerator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2176731B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-11-05
JPS4912439A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-02
FR2176731A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-11-02
DE2308223A1 (de) 1973-09-20
GB1382376A (en) 1975-01-29
NL7203556A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-19

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