US389552A - John dean - Google Patents
John dean Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US389552A US389552A US389552DA US389552A US 389552 A US389552 A US 389552A US 389552D A US389552D A US 389552DA US 389552 A US389552 A US 389552A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- polishing
- emery
- metals
- work
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 50
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 50
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 34
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 24
- 229910001651 emery Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940003969 Adrenergic and dopaminergic agents combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940001019 Aluminium antacid compound combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940010996 Amide local anesthetic combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940084438 Antiinfective irrigating solution combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 241000239290 Araneae Species 0.000 description 2
- 229940095835 Beta-lactamase sensitive penicillin combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940001469 Calcium antacid compound combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940073688 Caries prophylactic agent combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000004237 Crocus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000596148 Crocus Species 0.000 description 2
- 229940060167 Enema combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960003366 Hepatitis vaccine combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940031471 Imidazole and triazole derivative topical antifungal combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 206010022114 Injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940000248 Intermediate-acting sulfonamide combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940107315 Local hemostatic combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940007270 Long-acting sulfonamide combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940000523 Magnesium antacid compound combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 210000000282 Nails Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000004940 Nucleus Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229940111336 Other anti-dementia drug combinations in ATC Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940032419 Other antifungal combinations for topical use in ATC Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940106059 Other intestinal adsorbent combinations in ATC Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940076421 Other irrigating solution combinations in ATC Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940097635 Penicillins with extended spectrum combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940001079 Platelet aggregation inhibitor combinations excl. heparin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940086052 Potassium supplement combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940084925 Salt solution combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940000628 Short-acting sulfonamide combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940036145 Specific immunoglobulin combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001721 combination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940086715 combination drugs used in erectile dysfunction Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940050438 excl. combinations with cough suppressants expectorant combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940048784 expectorant combinations excluding combinations with cough suppressants Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940050564 fast-acting combinations Insulins and analogs for injection Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940090613 gonadotropin combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940052038 intermediate-acting combinations Insulins and analogs for injection Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940052297 intermediate-acting combined with fast-acting- combinations Insulins and analogs for injection Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000010985 leather Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940074591 local opthalmologic anesthetic combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940051883 long-acting insulins and analogs for injection combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940042835 lung surfactant combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940064925 opium alkaloids and derivative combination cough suppressants Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940064347 other cough suppressant combinations in ATC Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940021273 other nasal preparation combinations in ATC Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940067531 otologic analgesic and anesthetic combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940030476 topical antibiotic combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940022453 vitamin D and analog combinations Drugs 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B31/00—Machines or devices designed for polishing or abrading surfaces on work by means of tumbling apparatus or other apparatus in which the work and/or the abrasive material is loose; Accessories therefor
- B24B31/12—Accessories; Protective equipment or safety devices; Installations for exhaustion of dust or for sound absorption specially adapted for machines covered by group B24B31/00
- B24B31/14—Abrading-bodies specially designed for tumbling apparatus, e.g. abrading-balls
Definitions
- the invention has reference to a new combination of materials to be employed in mm bles or tumblers for cleaning and polishing r 5 metal.
- various methods and com binations of materials have been employed in this art for cleaning and polishing castings and other metals, and with varying results, according to the methods adopted and the character and form of the metals treated.
- the metals themselves were placed in the tumbling box or cylinder without the addition of other material, and mutual attrition was relied on to cleanse and smooth the metal surface, or to these were added sand, slag, cinders, graphite, sawdust, scraps of leather, charcoal, or the like, usually one or the other alone, according to the article under treatment or the character of the work to be 0 done.
- my invention consists in the use So of small pieces of some soft yielding metal, like lead, with a polishing material, like emi, cry, crocus, corundum, charcoal,or other similar substance, which, while it cleanses, will also abrade and polish the metal and give it the desired finish.
- a polishing material like emi, cry, crocus, corundum, charcoal,or other similar substance, which, while it cleanses, will also abrade and polish the metal and give it the desired finish.
- the leadcn pieces may be given any desired shape from angular to round; but I usually make them round to start with, as they will soon wear to go practically this form by use, and they may be of any size from, say, the size of a marble or larger down to the finest bird-shot.
- the form and peculiarities of construction of the metal to be cleansed and polished will 5 generally determine the size of the lead to be used.
- the metal is made with openwork, webbing, or the like, the surfaces of which are to be polished, I employ leaden balls according to the size of such openings,the 10o balls being designed to pass through the openings and enter into all parts thereof.
- the size of the openings will therefore determine the size of the balls, and if the metal is plain or has very large openings the largest size of lead would be used.
- the larger and heavier the leaden pieces the more rapid the work, weight having very much to do with the speed and efficiency of their action. I therefore use the heavier leads, or theirequivalent in soft metal, when the character of the work will permit.
- the grade of the abrading material to be used will depend largely on the quality of work to be done. Vhen quick results are desired and finish is not so material,the heavier grades may be profitably employed. If a smooth polished surface is desired, the liner grades of material should be used. Indeed this method of dressing metals is capable of such a measure of refinement that it can be made to give a finish and luster not surpassed by the best known hand processes.
- a rumbler or tumbler of any approved form may be used.
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OEErc JOHN DEAN, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-FOURTH TO GEORGE H. KINGSLEY, OF SAME PLACE.
MATERIAL FOR CLEANlNG AND POLISHING METALS,
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 389,552, dated September 18, 1888. Application filed September 5, 1887. Serial No. 248,864. (No specimens.)
To all whom it may concern.-
Be it known that I, JOHN DEAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Ouyahoga and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Materials for Cleaning and Polishing Metals; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the to art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
The invention has reference to a new combination of materials to be employed in mm bles or tumblers for cleaning and polishing r 5 metal. Heretofore various methods and com binations of materials have been employed in this art for cleaning and polishing castings and other metals, and with varying results, according to the methods adopted and the character and form of the metals treated. In some instances only the metals themselves were placed in the tumbling box or cylinder without the addition of other material, and mutual attrition was relied on to cleanse and smooth the metal surface, or to these were added sand, slag, cinders, graphite, sawdust, scraps of leather, charcoal, or the like, usually one or the other alone, according to the article under treatment or the character of the work to be 0 done. It was also common to employ with these materials small sharp-pointed objects known as tumbling stars, which were made of hard metal and served with their pointed ends to penetrate crevices and openings which were inaccessible to ordinary surface action and to cleanse parts that could not otherwise be reached. In lieu of these, nails and like small metallic articles of irregular shape and sharp corners and points were used in con- 0 nection with one or more of the polishing ma terials above named. WVith the exception of some slight variations, this may be said to have been the state of the art, and represents the best-known methods therein prior to my invention; but the tumbling-star or its ordinary hard-metal substitute, when used with any of the known scouring substances, is liable to at least two material objections, which it is the purpose of my invention to remedy: first, ow-
ing to the fact that it is both hard andsharp,
it is impossible to obtain a finished surface that is not more or less punctured, scratched,
or otherwise defaced, especially if the softer metals are being handled; secondly, it is impossible by this method to carry the cleansing and polishing process effectually into the interstices, recesses, or openings that usually appear in metals brought to the tumbling-box for treatment. The sharp pronged star or spider was designed to remedy this defect in the polishing process and to enter the recesses and openings for the purpose of clearing and finishing the same; but experience has demonstrated that it is not effectual for this purpose. It will remove the adhering particles 6 and give a certain measure of finish in the unexposed parts; but still those parts will be rough and unsatisfactory when its work is done compared with the exposed surfaces which have been subjected to the direct action 7( of the polishing materials. By my means these defects are positively obviated,and every part of a piece of metal is equally cleaned and polished whether the surface is plain and exposed or within or about an opening, or of irregular outline, the form, shape, or construction of the metal being immaterial provided the parts thereof are accessible to my polishing material.
To this end my invention consists in the use So of small pieces of some soft yielding metal, like lead, with a polishing material, like emi, cry, crocus, corundum, charcoal,or other similar substance, which, while it cleanses, will also abrade and polish the metal and give it the desired finish.
In carrying out the invention the leadcn pieces may be given any desired shape from angular to round; but I usually make them round to start with, as they will soon wear to go practically this form by use, and they may be of any size from, say, the size of a marble or larger down to the finest bird-shot.
The form and peculiarities of construction of the metal to be cleansed and polished will 5 generally determine the size of the lead to be used. Thus, if the metal is made with openwork, webbing, or the like, the surfaces of which are to be polished, I employ leaden balls according to the size of such openings,the 10o balls being designed to pass through the openings and enter into all parts thereof. The size of the openings will therefore determine the size of the balls, and if the metal is plain or has very large openings the largest size of lead would be used. Of course the larger and heavier the leaden pieces the more rapid the work, weight having very much to do with the speed and efficiency of their action. I therefore use the heavier leads, or theirequivalent in soft metal, when the character of the work will permit.
The grade of the abrading material to be used will depend largely on the quality of work to be done. Vhen quick results are desired and finish is not so material,the heavier grades may be profitably employed. If a smooth polished surface is desired, the liner grades of material should be used. Indeed this method of dressing metals is capable of such a measure of refinement that it can be made to give a finish and luster not surpassed by the best known hand processes.
When emery, charcoal,or the like is used, a small quantity of oil added thereto will lend materially to its action and contribute to the finish of the work. The superiority of lead or kindred soft metal in lieu of the hard sharp tumbling-star or the like I desire especially to emphasize, for the reason that the use of such material for this purpose forms the nucleus of my invention. It will be seen that by the change of metal I retain sufficient weight and solidity to do efficient and speedy work, while the quality of the work is greatly enhanced by reason of the change. Thus, while withlead I avoid the injury to the polished surface which the harder metals will inflict, I am enabled by its use and by reason of its soft and yielding quality to change and embed its surface so completely with the polishing material that I practically'eonvert it into a new and different article. Thus, for example, ifI employ emery as the polishing material, a ball of lead by the violent action to which it is subjected in the tumbler will become so filled with the material that in a comparatively short time it will be perceptibly larger than originally and its surface will be coated with the polisher. This practically converts the leaden mass into an emery ball, with the advantage,however,of having greater weight and consequently more efficiency than a ball ofsolid emery would have, while also the combined lead and emery does not smooth and gloss as in the case of solid emery. An emery ball would Wear down and polish and lose its scouring properties; but the leaden ball will continue to take up emery particles, and thus maintain an effective grinding-surface. The leaden ball also retains its yielding quality, which better adapts it to this work. There, of conrse,is no wearing out of the lead when these accretions upon its surface occur.
To further carry out my invention a rumbler or tumbler of any approved form may be used.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new,and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
In the art of abrading and polishing, the combination of an abradent, as powdered emery, with small soft-metal bodies, as leaden balls, the abradent and metal bodies being separate and distinct elements, whereby when employed in a rumbler said elements co-operate in polishing exposed surfaces, substantially as set forth.
JNO. DEAN.
\Vitnesses:
H. T. FISHER, HENRY E. Sowmz.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US389552A true US389552A (en) | 1888-09-18 |
Family
ID=2458530
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US389552D Expired - Lifetime US389552A (en) | John dean |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US389552A (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2443315A (en) * | 1944-08-23 | 1948-06-15 | Metals Disintegrating Co | Method of making abrasive articles |
US2618551A (en) * | 1948-10-20 | 1952-11-18 | Haloid Co | Developer for electrostatic images |
US3597886A (en) * | 1969-03-12 | 1971-08-10 | Vladimir Vasilievich Sapozhnik | Method of vibroabrasion treatment of small-sized parts |
US5447465A (en) * | 1993-08-19 | 1995-09-05 | United States Surgical Corporation | Method of treating needle blanks |
US6206755B1 (en) | 1994-10-19 | 2001-03-27 | United States Surgical Corporation | Method and apparatus for making blunt needles |
-
0
- US US389552D patent/US389552A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2443315A (en) * | 1944-08-23 | 1948-06-15 | Metals Disintegrating Co | Method of making abrasive articles |
US2618551A (en) * | 1948-10-20 | 1952-11-18 | Haloid Co | Developer for electrostatic images |
US3597886A (en) * | 1969-03-12 | 1971-08-10 | Vladimir Vasilievich Sapozhnik | Method of vibroabrasion treatment of small-sized parts |
US5447465A (en) * | 1993-08-19 | 1995-09-05 | United States Surgical Corporation | Method of treating needle blanks |
US6206755B1 (en) | 1994-10-19 | 2001-03-27 | United States Surgical Corporation | Method and apparatus for making blunt needles |
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