US3892395A - Stopper rods - Google Patents

Stopper rods Download PDF

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Publication number
US3892395A
US3892395A US400737A US40073773A US3892395A US 3892395 A US3892395 A US 3892395A US 400737 A US400737 A US 400737A US 40073773 A US40073773 A US 40073773A US 3892395 A US3892395 A US 3892395A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
head
sleeves
refractory material
stopper rod
nut
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US400737A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ian James Hazlehurst
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Foseco International Ltd
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Foseco International Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Foseco International Ltd filed Critical Foseco International Ltd
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Publication of US3892395A publication Critical patent/US3892395A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B22D41/16—Closures stopper-rod type, i.e. a stopper-rod being positioned downwardly through the vessel and the metal therein, for selective registry with the pouring opening

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A stopper rod for use in regulating molten metal flow through an aperture is formed of a central metal bar, a refractory head, a plurality of refractory sleeves, and a plurality of fibre-containing refractory rings filling the interstices between the head and the adjacent sleeve and between each of the sleeves.
  • an aperture is present in the base of a vessel through which molten metal may flow.
  • One method of regulating such flow is to provide a stopper rod, the lower end of which may engage and block the aperture, and the upper end of which is held on a suitable framework. By means of levers or other mechanical linkages, the rod may be moved up or down to adjust the metal flow to the desired rate.
  • stopper rods must be made of refractory material.
  • the rod In order to give the desired strength, on the other hand, it is usual to provide the rod with a central steel member around which are located refractory sections. The lower end of the stopper rod is usually formed of fireclay or graphite.
  • stopper rods The usual method of assembling such stopper rods is to slide fire clay cylinders onto a steel rod with an intermediate layer of mortar between each cylinder, to attach the graphite head to one end of the steel rod and then to compress the cylinders axially together by screwing a bolt onto the upper end of the steel rod. This compresses the mortar joints to give a satisfactory seal and the whole assembly is then dried in a furnace prior to use. After the mortar has set, the locking nut is slackened sufficiently to allow expansion of the refractory sleeves in use, and the stopper rod then installed. This method is time-consuming and cumbersome.
  • a stopper rod formed of a central metal bar, a head of refractory material and a plurality of sleeves of refractory material, the interstices between the head and the adjacent sleeve, and between each of the sleeves being filled with preformed rings of a fibre-containing refractory material, the assembly of head, sleeves and rings being held axially compressed.
  • the central bar is preferably of steel, the head of graphite and the sleeves of firebrick.
  • the head may be made of one or more sections, for example an inner section which is fixed on the steel bar and an outer section which is thereafter fixed on the inner section.
  • the rings may be made of a variety of compressible fibrecontaining refractory materials; for example, they may be formed of a compressible composition of refractory fibre, refractory filler and binder. A wide variety of such materials are known, and suitable compositions and methods of manufacture are accordingly not de scribed further here.
  • Stopper rods according to the invention are quick and easy to make and are ready for immediate use since no setting and drying of mortar are necessary. Instead, the members are merely assembled together and then axially compressed, e.g., by screwing a nut down along an upper threaded portion of the metal bar, until the seals between the sleeves and the lowest sleeve and the head are adequate to prevent molten metal penetration.
  • a resilient member may be interposed between such a nut and the topmost sleeves, e.g., a compression spring or a compressible gasket. All joints between sleeves and between the lowest sleeve and the head, are thus held in compression. In use expansion of the sleeves is absorbed by compression of the gaskets. in the case where a compression spring is used between the nut and the topmost sleeve, there is a tendency, if
  • the spring is left unprotected, for the spring to anneal and so lose its springiness.
  • a spring may be surrounded with a protective shield, e.g., a reflective cylindercal can of steel or tinned steel.
  • the space between the spring and such a shield may be filled, e.g., with a refractory heat insulating filler, refractory heat insulating fibres, or a mixture of these two.
  • Suitable fillers are silica. Kieselguhr, perlite and others commonly used in the metallurgical industry, while suitable fibres are asbestos, slag wool, rock wool and mineral wool.
  • FIG. I A stopper rod according to the invention, in axial section,
  • FIG. 2 A section of the upper end of the modified stopper rod
  • FIG. 3 A section of the lower end of a further alternative form of rod
  • FIG. 4 A section of the lower end of a further alternative form of rod.
  • the stopper rod so made took about 7 minutes to assemble and could be used immediately.
  • the rod stood up to as many casting cycles before being scrapped as a conventional rod made with mortar and furnace dry-
  • the ring had the following composition (by weight):
  • aluminium silicate fibre 60% colloidal silica sol (30% SiO 16% phenolformaldehyde resin 2% calcined alumina 22% Alternatively, the rings used had a composition of (by weight):
  • aluminosilicute fibre colloidal silica sol (30% solids) the rings being of sufficient thickness that the final compression of each ring was of the order of
  • the topmost ring 4 was replaced by a compression spring 12 located between nut 6 and coverplate 5.
  • a heat-reflective shield 20 surrounds the spring 12, and the space between the shield 20 and the spring 12 is filled with heat insulating material 22 such as a particulate refractory material or refractory fibrous or mixtures of these.
  • EXAMPLE 2 The stopper rod shown in FIG. 3 is made up in somewhat different fashion: Refractory sleeves 3 and rings 4 are first assembled on a steel rod 1 in much the same fashion as in FIG. 1, the sleeves and rings resting on a graphite end piece 7, which is sealed to the lowest sleeve 3 by a ring of sealant material 8, such as described in Example 1, and which is held in place by a nut 11 which engages on the lower end of the steel rod. The upper nut 6 is then threaded on to the steel rod and tightened down. A ring 4 is located below the lowest sleeve 3 and a graphite head 9, is then tightly screwed on to end piece 7 to complete the assembly of the stopper rod. Ring 8 is held tightly compressed, while rings 4 are only lightly compressed.
  • EXAMPLE 3 ln this construction, shown in FIG. 4, the mode of assembly is generally as for FIG. 2, save that in this case ring 8 and the lowest of rings 4 are replaced by a single disc seal 10.
  • Sealing disc 10 may be made of either of the compositions specified in Example I. The inner portion of sealing disc 10 in contact with endpiece 7 is compressed harder than its outer annular portion.
  • a stopper rod formed of a central metal bar threaded at one end and carrying at its other end a head of refractory material, a plurality of sleeves of refractory material, and a plurality of preformed rings of a fibre-containing refractory material filling the interstices between the head and the adjacent sleeve and between each of the sleeves, the assembly of head, sleeves and rings being held axially compressed by a nut engaged on the threaded end of the bar with a compression spring interposed between the nut and the adjacent sleeve, a heat-reflective shield surrounding said spring, the space between said shield and said plate being filled with a heat insulating material selected from the group consisting of particulate refractory material, fibrous refractory material and mixtures thereof.
  • a stopper rod according to claim 1 wherein the head is formed of an inner section fixed to the metal bar and an outer section fixed on the inner section.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
US400737A 1972-09-28 1973-09-26 Stopper rods Expired - Lifetime US3892395A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB4488772 1972-09-28
GB2586273*[A GB1400248A (en) 1972-09-28 1973-05-30 Stopper rods

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3892395A true US3892395A (en) 1975-07-01

Family

ID=26257921

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US400737A Expired - Lifetime US3892395A (en) 1972-09-28 1973-09-26 Stopper rods

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3892395A (en, 2012)
JP (1) JPS50133931A (en, 2012)
CA (1) CA1002726A (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB1400248A (en, 2012)
SE (1) SE384333B (en, 2012)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0051746A1 (de) * 1980-11-07 1982-05-19 Krupp Stahl Aktiengesellschaft Tauchlanze für den Stahlwerksbetrieb
US4666134A (en) * 1986-02-26 1987-05-19 Asea Aktiebolag Stopper means in pouring furnaces

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3084925A (en) * 1958-04-23 1963-04-09 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Apparatus for controlling the flow of molten metal
US3094424A (en) * 1960-08-02 1963-06-18 Babcock & Wilcox Co Sintered refractory material
US3511421A (en) * 1968-04-29 1970-05-12 William H Smith Stopper and nozzle construction for metal ladles
US3550819A (en) * 1969-01-17 1970-12-29 Afc Corp Tensioned stopper rod for metal pouring ladles
US3616108A (en) * 1968-09-13 1971-10-26 Interpace Corp Refractory construction units with high-temperature bonding joint fillers and method of making said units
US3743263A (en) * 1971-12-27 1973-07-03 Union Carbide Corp Apparatus for refining molten aluminum

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4933688U (en, 2012) * 1972-04-14 1974-03-25
JPS4929605U (en, 2012) * 1972-06-05 1974-03-14

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3084925A (en) * 1958-04-23 1963-04-09 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Apparatus for controlling the flow of molten metal
US3094424A (en) * 1960-08-02 1963-06-18 Babcock & Wilcox Co Sintered refractory material
US3511421A (en) * 1968-04-29 1970-05-12 William H Smith Stopper and nozzle construction for metal ladles
US3616108A (en) * 1968-09-13 1971-10-26 Interpace Corp Refractory construction units with high-temperature bonding joint fillers and method of making said units
US3550819A (en) * 1969-01-17 1970-12-29 Afc Corp Tensioned stopper rod for metal pouring ladles
US3743263A (en) * 1971-12-27 1973-07-03 Union Carbide Corp Apparatus for refining molten aluminum

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0051746A1 (de) * 1980-11-07 1982-05-19 Krupp Stahl Aktiengesellschaft Tauchlanze für den Stahlwerksbetrieb
US4666134A (en) * 1986-02-26 1987-05-19 Asea Aktiebolag Stopper means in pouring furnaces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1400248A (en) 1975-07-16
JPS50133931A (en, 2012) 1975-10-23
SE384333B (sv) 1976-05-03
CA1002726A (en) 1977-01-04

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