US3886945A - Cryosurgical apparatus - Google Patents
Cryosurgical apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3886945A US3886945A US413684A US41368473A US3886945A US 3886945 A US3886945 A US 3886945A US 413684 A US413684 A US 413684A US 41368473 A US41368473 A US 41368473A US 3886945 A US3886945 A US 3886945A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- valve member
- instrument
- handle
- exhaust conduit
- socket
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F7/00—Heating or cooling appliances for medical or therapeutic treatment of the human body
- A61F7/12—Devices for heating or cooling internal body cavities
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/02—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using the Joule-Thompson effect
- F25B2309/021—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using the Joule-Thompson effect with a cryosurgical probe tip having a specific construction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/02—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using the Joule-Thompson effect
- F25B2309/022—Gas cycle refrigeration machines using the Joule-Thompson effect characterised by the expansion element
Definitions
- cryosurgical apparatus of the type which operates from a source of compressed gas. It includes a handle portion with removable and interchangeable probes. A defrost valve in the exhaust conduit permits easy and quiet operation by the surgeon.
- This invention pertains to cryosurgical instruments of the type which are cooled under the influence of high pressure gas escaping from an orifice. Instruments of this type are well known in the art and are widely employed for a number of surgical procedures such as the necrosis of diseased tissue. Several gases exhibit the Joule-Thomson effect and may be used in the operation of the instrument. The most common, however, are nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide.
- the gas expansion orifice is of an extremely small size and in all prior art instruments the spacing between the orifice and the inner wall of the cooling tip is extremely critical. For example, with prior art instruments, the orifice is positioned approximately 0.050 inch from the inner wall of the tip and the permitted tolerance is only 0.010 inch. This results in such instruments being difficult and costly to manufacture For example. the parts of such instruments are commonly threaded so that they may be factory adjusted prior to shipment.
- the invention comprises a gas operated cryosurgical instrument which comprises a handle and a movable first valve member in the handle.
- a tubular exhaust conduit terminates at one end in a hollow tip of high thermal conductivity.
- the other end defines a second valve member and includes means for detachably securing the exhaust conduit to the handle.
- a gas delivery conduit extends through the exhaust conduit when it is so secured and terminates at a nozzle within the tip.
- Means are provided for selectively advancing the first valve member against the second valve member to close the exhaust conduit.
- Means are also provided for limiting the movement of the first valve member to prevent closure of the exhaust conduit when it is improperly secured to the handle.
- FIG. I is a perspective view of a cryosurgical instru ment in accordance with the present invention connected to a source of bottled gas;
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross section taken through the instrument of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a cross section of the exhaust valve of FIG. 2 shown in its closed position
- FIG. 4 is a greatly enlarged cross section of the nozzle portion of the apparatus
- FIG. 5 is an illustration of the gas jet obtained with the nozzle of FIG. 4;
- FIG. 6 is a cross section taken substantially along the line 66 of FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is an illustration of one type nozzle used in the prior art
- FIG. 8 is a cross section taken substantially along the line 88 of FIG. 7;
- FIG. 9 is an illustration of another type nozzle used in the prior art.
- FIG. 10 is an enlarged cross section showing the orifice of the FIG. 9 nozzle.
- FIG. 11 shows still another type nozzle used in the prior art.
- an instrument of the type utilized in treating cervicitis comprises an elongated probe 10 mounted in a handle l2 and terminating in a substantially conical hollow applicator tip 14.
- a line I6 is connected between the instrument and a suitable source 18 of pressurized gas.
- a trigger 20 extends from the handle for selective defrosting as will be explained.
- the handle I2 will be seen to define a recess 22 for the trigger 20 and a Tshaped recess 24 communicating therewith and enclosing a metal T fitting 26.
- the horizontal portion of fitting 26 has internal threads 28 and the lower end of the vertical portion is provided with similar internal threads 30.
- Mounted against the shoulder 32 is a resilient O ring 34.
- Bearing against the O-ring 34 is a circular plastic sealing ring 36.
- a trunnion ball 38 is mounted against the sealing ring 36.
- the trunnion ball 38 is integral with an upper rod 40 and lower rod 42.
- the end of upper rod 40 includes a flattened portion 44 which defines an opening 46 therein. Opening 46 is substantially coaxial with the bore of the horizontal portion of T-fitting 26, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the lower rod 42 extends into the recess 22 of handle 12 and the trigger 20 is secured to lower rod 42 by means of a set screw 48.
- the trunnion ball assembly is retained within the T-fitting by a lower plastic sealing ring 50 supporting the trunnion ball 38, a compression spring 52, and an annular retainer nut 54 threaded into the threads 30.
- a trigger return coil spring 56 supported within a bore 58 in trigger 20 and seated against the back wall of recess 22, maintains the trigger in its normally extended position as shown in FIG. 2.
- the flexible gas delivery line 16 is connected by means of a retainer ring 60 to the end of a stainless steel delivery tube 62 which extends forwardly outward of the handle and terminates at a nozzle 64.
- the outer diameter of tube 62 is less than the diameter of the opening 46 in the flattened portion 44 of upper rod 40.
- the delivery tube 62 is a gauge stainless steel hypodermic tube.
- the tube 62 passes through a ball 66 to which it is integrally secured as by welding.
- the probe tip 10 is a complete assembly which is detachable from the handle portion of the instrument. It comprises a threaded sleeve 68 which screws into the T-fitting 26 as shown. Fixedly secured to the sleeve 68, as by welding, is a stop ring 70. An O-ring 72 provides a seal between stop ring 70 and the T-fitting 26. Fixedly secured to the inside of sleeve 68 is an exhaust conduit 74 which surrounds, and is spaced from, delivery tube 62. The distal end of exhaust conduit 74 carries a sleeve 76 to which is secured the hollow tip 14.
- an insulator tube 78 Surrounding and spaced from the exhaust conduit 74 is an insulator tube 78, secured at one end to the sleeve 76 and tip 14 and at the other to sleeve 68 and stop ring 70. This tube is provided with a knurled finger grip 80. The end of exhaust conduit 74 forms, with sleeve 68, a tapered valve seat 82.
- nozzle 64 The construction of nozzle 64 will be best understood by reference to FIG. 4.
- the internal diameter of the delivery tube 62 is reduced via a smooth wall reduction passage 84 to a cylindrical gas discharge passage 86.
- This configuration is achieved by inserting into the end of the hypodermic tube a hardened wire having an external diameter equal to the desired diameter of the gas discharge passage. The end of the tube is then swaged onto the wire and the wire is removed.
- the tube 62 has an internal diameter of 0.059 inch and the internal diame ter of the gas discharge passage 86 is 0.01065 inch.
- the distance from the nozzle tip to the beginning of reduction (A FIG. 4) is 0.20 inch and the distance between the nozzle tip and the end reduction (8) is 0.12 inch.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the gas flow from nozzle 64 as actually observed in practice. As will be seen, it presents an elongated flamelike appearance and shape.
- FIGS. 7-]] illustrate three prior art nozzle constructions and the jets obtained thereby.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate a pinched tube configuration.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate a rolled end construction. and FIG.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a type of orifice known as a double reduction orifice which comprises a series of tubes of reduced diameter.
- the jets from these prior art nozzles appear as indicated.
- the dis tance from the orifice to the wall of the applicator tip is very critical and the spacing must be quite close. As an example, this distance may be 0.050 inch with a tol erance of 0.010 inch.
- the distance from the nozzle tip to the wall may be 0.250 inch with a tolerance of i 0.060 inch. Accordingly, by means of this invention, manufacture and assembly are greatly simplified, resulting in a highly effective instrument at a much lower cost.
- the described nozzle construction may be utilized in connection with either a non-defrostable or a defrostable cryosurgical probe.
- the probe illustrated herein is of the defrostable type. Defrosting is obtained by means of the valve illustrated in detail in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the valve When the valve is in its normally open position as shown in FIG. 2, high pressure gas entering through delivery line 16 passes through the delivery tube 62 to nozzle 64. From the nozzle it expands into tip 14 causing the tip to be cooled by the .IouleThomson effect. The expanded gas then passes rearwardly through exhaust tube 74 and out of the instrument through the T- fitting 26 and the recess 24. If desired, it may be remotely exhausted through an exhaust line enclosing delivery line 16.
- the high pressure exhaust gas tends to maintain the exhaust valve formed by the ball 66 and the valve seat 82 in its normally open position, with the ball retracted from the seat as shown in FIG. 2.
- the trigger 20 is depressed by the surgeon, whereupon the trunnion ball 38 and the rods 40, 42 assume the positions illustrated in FIG. 3, forcing the ball 66 forwardly against the valve seat 82, forming a gas tight seal.
- gas pressure within tip 14 rises to bottle pressure and the heat of compression causes rapid defrosting of the probe tip. It is important to note, however, that either of two different limit stops restrict the forward movement of ball 66.
- a single handle and valve unit may be supplied with a plu rality of probes and tips for performing various surgical procedures. These may be readily interchanged by the surgeon or his assistant without the danger of a probe being improperly inserted.
- the valve is normally open, it will be closed only for the period of time during which the surgeon desires to defrost the probe tip. Therefore. the instrument is exposed to full bottle pressure only intermittently and for short periods of time. greatly increasing the safety of the apparatus.
- a gas operated cryosurgical instrument which comprises: a handle defining a socket therein; a movable first valve member in said handle; a tubular exhaust conduit terminating at one end in a hollow tip of high thermal conductivity, the other end defining a second valve member and including means detachably securing said exhaust conduit seated within said socket; a gas delivery conduit mounted in said handle and extending through said socket and through said exhaust conduit when so secured and terminating at a nozzle within said tip; means for selectively advancing said first valve member against said second valve member to close said exhaust conduit when said exhaust conduit is fully seated within said socket; and means for limiting the movement of said first valve member to prevent closure of said exhaust conduit when the conduit is not fully seated within said socket.
- said advancing means comprises a manually operable trigger connected to advance both of said delivery conduit and valve member.
- said nozzle includes a cylindrical gas discharge passage of smaller diameter than said delivery conduit and a smoothly curved reduction passage therebetween.
- said advancing means comprises: pivot means within said handle; a rod supported by said pivot means having a first end engaging said first valve member on one side of said pivot means and a second end on the other side of said means; and a manually operable trigger secured to the second end of said rod.
- pivot means comprises a trunnion ball rotatably supported within said handle.
- said nozzle includes a cylindrical gas discharge passage of smaller diameter than said delivery conduit and a smoothly curved reduction passage therebetween.
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US413684A US3886945A (en) | 1972-06-14 | 1973-11-07 | Cryosurgical apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US00262543A US3807403A (en) | 1972-06-14 | 1972-06-14 | Cryosurgical apparatus |
US413684A US3886945A (en) | 1972-06-14 | 1973-11-07 | Cryosurgical apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3886945A true US3886945A (en) | 1975-06-03 |
Family
ID=26949294
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US413684A Expired - Lifetime US3886945A (en) | 1972-06-14 | 1973-11-07 | Cryosurgical apparatus |
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US (1) | US3886945A (en) |
Cited By (74)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US5433717A (en) * | 1993-03-23 | 1995-07-18 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Magnetic resonance imaging assisted cryosurgery |
US5846235A (en) * | 1997-04-14 | 1998-12-08 | Johns Hopkins University | Endoscopic cryospray device |
US5916212A (en) * | 1998-01-23 | 1999-06-29 | Cryomedical Sciences, Inc. | Hand held cyrosurgical probe system |
US6161543A (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 2000-12-19 | Epicor, Inc. | Methods of epicardial ablation for creating a lesion around the pulmonary veins |
US20040064152A1 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2004-04-01 | Roni Zvuloni | Device, system, and method for cryosurgical treatment of cardiac arrhythmia |
US20050240117A1 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2005-10-27 | Galil Medical Ltd. | Thermal sensing device for thermal mapping of a body conduit |
US7083620B2 (en) | 2002-10-30 | 2006-08-01 | Medtronic, Inc. | Electrosurgical hemostat |
US7094235B2 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2006-08-22 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for tissue ablation |
US7118566B2 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2006-10-10 | Medtronic, Inc. | Device and method for needle-less interstitial injection of fluid for ablation of cardiac tissue |
US7128740B2 (en) | 1996-05-03 | 2006-10-31 | Jacobs Clemens J | Method for interrupting conduction paths within the heart |
US7156845B2 (en) | 1998-07-07 | 2007-01-02 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for creating a bi-polar virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue |
US7166105B2 (en) | 1995-02-22 | 2007-01-23 | Medtronic, Inc. | Pen-type electrosurgical instrument |
US7169144B2 (en) | 1998-07-07 | 2007-01-30 | Medtronic, Inc. | Apparatus and method for creating, maintaining, and controlling a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue |
US20070129714A1 (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2007-06-07 | Echo Healthcare Llc | Subdermal cryogenic remodeling of muscles, nerves, connective tissue, and/or adipose tissue (FAT) |
US7250048B2 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2007-07-31 | Medtronic, Inc. | Ablation system and method of use |
US7294143B2 (en) | 2002-05-16 | 2007-11-13 | Medtronic, Inc. | Device and method for ablation of cardiac tissue |
US7309325B2 (en) | 1998-07-07 | 2007-12-18 | Medtronic, Inc. | Helical needle apparatus for creating a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue |
US20080015562A1 (en) * | 2001-04-26 | 2008-01-17 | Medtronic, Inc. | Transmural ablation systems and methods |
US7347858B2 (en) | 2001-12-11 | 2008-03-25 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and system for treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias |
US7364578B2 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2008-04-29 | Medtronic, Inc. | System and method of performing an electrosurgical procedure |
US7367972B2 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2008-05-06 | Medtronic, Inc. | Ablation system |
US20080183164A1 (en) * | 2005-05-20 | 2008-07-31 | Myoscience, Inc. | Subdermal cryogenic remodeling of muscles, nerves, connective tissue, and/or adipose tissue (fat) |
US20080200910A1 (en) * | 2007-02-16 | 2008-08-21 | Myoscience, Inc. | Replaceable and/or Easily Removable Needle Systems for Dermal and Transdermal Cryogenic Remodeling |
US20080221561A1 (en) * | 2005-07-18 | 2008-09-11 | Jorg Geiger | Spray Device for Dispensing a Cooling Fluid |
US7435250B2 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2008-10-14 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and apparatus for tissue ablation |
US7470272B2 (en) | 1997-07-18 | 2008-12-30 | Medtronic, Inc. | Device and method for ablating tissue |
US7497857B2 (en) | 2003-04-29 | 2009-03-03 | Medtronic, Inc. | Endocardial dispersive electrode for use with a monopolar RF ablation pen |
US7507235B2 (en) | 2001-01-13 | 2009-03-24 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and system for organ positioning and stabilization |
US7566334B2 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2009-07-28 | Medtronic, Inc. | Ablation device with jaws |
US20090248001A1 (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2009-10-01 | Myoscience, Inc. | Pain management using cryogenic remodeling |
US7615015B2 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2009-11-10 | Medtronic, Inc. | Focused ultrasound ablation devices having selectively actuatable emitting elements and methods of using the same |
US7628780B2 (en) | 2001-01-13 | 2009-12-08 | Medtronic, Inc. | Devices and methods for interstitial injection of biologic agents into tissue |
US7678108B2 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2010-03-16 | Medtronic, Inc. | Loop ablation apparatus and method |
US7706894B2 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2010-04-27 | Medtronic, Inc. | Heart wall ablation/mapping catheter and method |
US7706882B2 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2010-04-27 | Medtronic, Inc. | Methods of using high intensity focused ultrasound to form an ablated tissue area |
US7740623B2 (en) | 2001-01-13 | 2010-06-22 | Medtronic, Inc. | Devices and methods for interstitial injection of biologic agents into tissue |
US7744562B2 (en) | 2003-01-14 | 2010-06-29 | Medtronics, Inc. | Devices and methods for interstitial injection of biologic agents into tissue |
US7758576B2 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2010-07-20 | Medtronic, Inc. | Clamping ablation tool and method |
US7758580B2 (en) | 2004-06-02 | 2010-07-20 | Medtronic, Inc. | Compound bipolar ablation device and method |
US7818039B2 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2010-10-19 | Medtronic, Inc. | Suction stabilized epicardial ablation devices |
US7824399B2 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2010-11-02 | Medtronic, Inc. | Ablation system and method of use |
US7967816B2 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2011-06-28 | Medtronic, Inc. | Fluid-assisted electrosurgical instrument with shapeable electrode |
US8162933B2 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2012-04-24 | Medtronic, Inc. | Vibration sensitive ablation device and method |
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US8333764B2 (en) | 2004-05-12 | 2012-12-18 | Medtronic, Inc. | Device and method for determining tissue thickness and creating cardiac ablation lesions |
US8409219B2 (en) | 2004-06-18 | 2013-04-02 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and system for placement of electrical lead inside heart |
US8512337B2 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2013-08-20 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method and system for treatment of atrial tachyarrhythmias |
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Cited By (140)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6161543A (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 2000-12-19 | Epicor, Inc. | Methods of epicardial ablation for creating a lesion around the pulmonary veins |
US5706810A (en) * | 1993-03-23 | 1998-01-13 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Magnetic resonance imaging assisted cryosurgery |
US5433717A (en) * | 1993-03-23 | 1995-07-18 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Magnetic resonance imaging assisted cryosurgery |
US7794460B2 (en) | 1995-02-22 | 2010-09-14 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method of ablating tissue |
US7247155B2 (en) | 1995-02-22 | 2007-07-24 | Medtronic, Inc. | Apparatus and method for creating, maintaining, and controlling a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue |
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