US3883211A - Non-shearing solderless electrical connector - Google Patents

Non-shearing solderless electrical connector Download PDF

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Publication number
US3883211A
US3883211A US354645A US35464573A US3883211A US 3883211 A US3883211 A US 3883211A US 354645 A US354645 A US 354645A US 35464573 A US35464573 A US 35464573A US 3883211 A US3883211 A US 3883211A
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United States
Prior art keywords
jaw
male
tail
jaws
female
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US354645A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alvin E Shugarman
Lowell E Linder
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ELECTRO CLAMP Corp
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ELECTRO CLAMP Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ELECTRO CLAMP Corp filed Critical ELECTRO CLAMP Corp
Priority to US354645A priority Critical patent/US3883211A/en
Priority to JP49043917A priority patent/JPS5030076A/ja
Priority to AU68215/74A priority patent/AU6821574A/en
Priority to GB1797774A priority patent/GB1428634A/en
Priority to DE7414321U priority patent/DE7414321U/de
Priority to BR3394/74A priority patent/BR7403394D0/pt
Priority to FR7414513A priority patent/FR2227463B3/fr
Priority to CH569874A priority patent/CH596676A5/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3883211A publication Critical patent/US3883211A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00—Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/28—Clamped connections, spring connections
    • H01R4/38—Clamped connections, spring connections utilising a clamping member acted on by screw or nut
    • H01R4/40—Pivotable clamping member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
    • F16G11/00—Means for fastening cables or ropes to one another or to other objects; Caps or sleeves for fixing on cables or ropes
    • F16G11/04—Means for fastening cables or ropes to one another or to other objects; Caps or sleeves for fixing on cables or ropes with wedging action, e.g. friction clamps
    • F16G11/044—Means for fastening cables or ropes to one another or to other objects; Caps or sleeves for fixing on cables or ropes with wedging action, e.g. friction clamps friction clamps deforming the cable, wire, rope or cord
    • F16G11/048—Means for fastening cables or ropes to one another or to other objects; Caps or sleeves for fixing on cables or ropes with wedging action, e.g. friction clamps friction clamps deforming the cable, wire, rope or cord by moving a surface into the cable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
    • F16G11/00—Means for fastening cables or ropes to one another or to other objects; Caps or sleeves for fixing on cables or ropes
    • F16G11/06—Means for fastening cables or ropes to one another or to other objects; Caps or sleeves for fixing on cables or ropes with laterally-arranged screws

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT In a solderless electrical connector of the type comprising relatively rotatable male and female jaws having respective mounting tails adapted to be secured against a support and alignable bores adapted to receive the bared end of a conductor which is securely clamped between the jaws when they are rotated to a closed position, there is disclosed the improvements wherein the bore in the male jaw is slightly larger than the bore in the female jaw to permit the conductor to bird-cage" when the jaws are rotated to the closed position, wherein a chamfer or countersink is added to the entrance of the bore in the female jaw for ease of insertion of the conductor thereinto, wherein the aperture in the tail of the female jaw is drilled at a slight angle therethrough, and wherein the tail of the male jaw is slightly concave to increase the area of contact between such tail and the adjacent support in the closed position of the jaws.
  • the present invention relates to non-shearing solderless electrical connectors and. more particularly, to an improved connector of the rotatable jaw, clamping type.
  • Solderless electrical connectors of the type having relatively rotatable jaws with alignable bores therein adapted to receive the bared end of a conductor which is securely clamped between the jaws when they are to tated to a closed position are well known in the art.
  • Such connectors are disclosed in the following US. patents: Tracy, US. Pat. No. 2,752,583; Shuck et al, US. Pat. No. 3,118,720; Lawlor, US. Pat. No. 3,138,422; Tracy, US Pat. No. 3,169,818; Lawlor et al, US. Pat. No. 3,351,889; Lawlor, U.S. Pat. No. 3,406,372, Beaudion, US. Pat. No. 3,437,979; Lawlor, US. Pat. No. 3,477,060; and Law1or,U.S. Pat. No. 3,579,177.
  • solderless electrical connectors comprising, in general, male and female jaws coupled for relative pivotal movement between an open position in which the bared end of a conductor can be freely inserted through aligned bores in the jaws and a closed position in which the conductor is securely clamped between the jaws thereby establishing a good electrical and mechanical connection. Movement of the jaws from the open to the closed position is controlled by a stud or bolt or other fastening means which is utilized to secure the tails of the male and female jaws to a suitable support.
  • solderless electrical connectors of this type a significant object is to permit clamping of the conductor between the relatively rotatable jaws without any shearing action so as not to weaken the conductor by the clamping action of the jaws.
  • it is also an object to secure the tails of the jaws to the support without bending the tails If either the conduc tor is damaged or the tails are bent, the electrical con ductivity from the conductor to the support through the connector is diminished. Shearing of the conductor decreases conductivity by decreasing the area thereof and bending of the tails decreases conductivity by decreasing the area of electrical contact between the tails and the support. Furthermore, shearing of the conductor decreases the strength thereof thereby decreasing the ability of the connector to withstand pull-out of the conductor.
  • an improved non shearing solderless electrical connector which is effective in satisfying the objectives discussed above to a degree unobtainable heretofore.
  • the conductor is permitted to deform as the jaws are rotated to the closed position without any shearing action and without decreasing electrical conductivity or the strength of the conductor. in addition. the manner in which the conductor deforms significantly increases the force required to separate the conductor and the connector.
  • the area of contact between the connector and the support it is mounted on is maximized so as not to decrease electrical conductivity through the connector.
  • the present non-shearing solderless electrical connector of the rotatable jaw, clamping type comprising male and female jaws having respective mounting tails adapted to be secured against a support and alignable bores adapted to receive the barcd end of a concluctor which is securely clamped between the jaws when they are rotated to a closed position, is improved in several significant respects.
  • the bore in the male jaw is slightly larger than the bore in the female jaw and has a chamfer at the opposite ends thereof to permit the conductor to bird-cage" or spread when the jaws are rotated to the closed position thereby preventing shearing and increasing the required pull-out force.
  • a chamfer or countersink is added to the entrance of the bore in the female jaw for ease ofinsertion of the conductor thereinto.
  • the aperture in the tail of the female jaw is drilled at a slight angle to a line normal to the plane thereof to allow a stud or bolt to pass more easily through the apertures in the male and female jaw tails. Due to the tendency of all materials to bend when a force is applied thereto, the tail of the male jaw is slightly concave to increase the contact area between such tail and the support It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a non-shearing solderless electrical connector.
  • Another object of the present invention is the provision of a solderless electrical connector of the rotatable jaw, clamping type wherein the tail of the male jaw is slightly concave.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a solderless electrical connector constructed in accordance with the teachings of the present invention, with a conductor clamped therein;
  • FIG. 2 is a medial longitudinal section view thereof
  • FIG. 3 is a medial longitudinal sectional view thereof in an open position ready to receive the bared end of a conductor
  • FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the line 44 in FIG. 2.
  • a solderless electrical connector comprising, in general, male and female jaws A and B, respectively, coupled for relative pivotal movement between an open position, seen in FIG. 3, in which a conductor C can be freely inserted into jaws A and B, and a closed position, seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, in which conductor C is securely clamped be tween jaws A and B and connected thereby to a suitable support D.
  • Connection to support D is achieved by a suitable fastener, such as a stud or bolt E, as will be explained more fully hereinafter.
  • Male jaw A comprises a cylindrical head or knuckle 11 formed integrally on one end of a tail 12 which is adapted to be mounted against support D, tail l2 having an aperture 13 through which bolt E can be extended through and into support D.
  • An offset neck 14 joins head 11 to tail 12, thus positioning head 11 above the plane of tail 12.
  • the back of neck 14 is generally normal to the plane of tail 12 whereas the front of head 11 protrudes forwardly from neck 14, overhanging a transverse recess 15.
  • Tail 12 is slightly concave so that only the opposite ends thereof contact support D in the open position of jaws A and B, as seen in FIG. 3.
  • Jaw A has a bore 16 which extends diametrically through the center of head 11 for reception of conductor C.
  • Bore 16 is inclined downwardly and forwardly with reference to the plane of tail 12 at an angle which is substantially equal to the angle between the tails of jaws A and B when connector is in the open position, seen in FIG. 3.
  • This angle may vary from approximately 12 to approximately depending upon the size of conductor C. In other words, as the diameter of conductor C increases. the angle of bore 16 decreases.
  • a cutter of approximately the same diameter of bore 16 through head 12 may be used to chamfer or flare the respective end portions of bore 16, at 17 and 18, to eliminate a sharp edge which would tend to shear connector 10 as jaws A and B are rotated to the closed position.
  • the upper half of bore 16 is chamfered, at 17, at the front of head 11 whereas the lower half of bore 16 is chamfered, at 18, at the back of head 11.
  • chamfers 17 and 18 should be rounded so as to completely eliminate any possibility of fracturing or cutting conductor C. This may be accomplished by oscillating the cutter during the chamfering operation.
  • Female jaw B comprises a C-shaped head or yoke 20 formed integrally on one end of a planar tail 21 which is adapted to contact tail 12 ofjaw A in the closed posi tion. In the open position, tail 21 only contacts tail 12 adjacent its intersection with neck 14 due to the concavity of tail l2.
  • Yoke 20 defl. 1 a transverse cylindrical socket 23 in which head 11 ofjaw A is loosely fitted for tilting movement of jaw B between the open position shown in FIG. 3 and the closed position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • Yoke 20 has the general form of a U- channel, modified by a re-entrant lip 24 which extends beneath head 11 into recess 15 so as to retain head 11 captive within yoke 20. Recess 15 is positioned relative to lip 24 so that the two are in contact when jaw B is in its open position.
  • Tail 12 has an aperture 22 therein through which bolt E can be extended through and into aperture 13 in tall 12 and support D.
  • aperture 22 in tail 21 is positioned at a slight angle relative to a line normal to the plane of tail 21, the angle being approximately one-half of the angle between tails 12 and 21 when connector 10 is in the open position.
  • Yoke 20 is provided with diametrically opposed cylindrical bores 25 and 26 aligned on a common diameter of yoke 20, generally parallel to tail 21, so as to be alignable with bore 16 in head 11 of jaw A when jaw B is in its open position, seen in FIG. 3.
  • Bore 25 is positioned in the side of yoke 20 which terminates in lip 24 whereas bore 26 is positioned in the side of yoke 20 connected to tail 21.
  • Yoke 20 is also provided with a conical chamfer or countersink 27 at the entrance to bore 25.
  • the diameter of bore 16 is slightly larger than that of bores 25 and 26.
  • connector 10 The basic operation of connector 10 is similar to that of many of the connectors of the before-mentioned US. patents.
  • bores 16, 25, and 26 are aligned, ready to receive the bared end of conductor C.
  • lip 24, at the end of yoke 20 extends into recess 15 and into engage ment with neck 14 thereby limiting the movement of jaw B beyond the open position.
  • chamfer 27 Because of chamfer 27 at the entrance to bore 25 in yoke 20 of female jaw B, it will be relatively easy to insert conductor C into bore 25, even with the tendency of the end of conductor C to bird-cage" or separate when it is cut and stripped. The provision of chamfer 27 also reduces the tendency for the previous sharp edge to cut into and shear conductor C in the presence of vibration thereof.
  • jaw B may be closed upon jaw A by application of a downward force on tail 21. This may be achieved by passing a stud or bolt E through apertures 22 and 13 in tails 2] and 12, respectively, and into support D. With aperture 22 drilled at the previously described angle relative to the plane of tail 21, it is much easier to insert bolt E through aperture 22 and then into aperture 13.
  • tail 21 bends downwardly and tail l2 bends upwardly.
  • tail 12 limits the contact area between tail l2 and support D, thereby decreasing the electrical conductivity.
  • tail 12 slightly concave so that tail 21 and 12 meet just before the yield point of the material, not only is a good surface contact guaranteed between tail 12 and support D, but a spring force is established to maintain bolt E tight.
  • the difference in the diameters of bores 16, 25, and 26 and conductor C will vary as a function of the diameter of conductor C.
  • the increase in the diameters of bores 16, 25, and 26 over the diameter of conductor C should be such that the individual strands of conductor C expand up against the walls of bore 16. If the diameter of bore 16 was too large compared to the diameter of conductor C, contact between the individual strands of conductor C and the wall of bore 16 would be decreased, thereby decreasing conductivity through connector 10. Since different sizes of conductor C have a different ability to deform, the percentage increase of bores 16, 25, and 26 over the diameter of conductor C is a function of the size of conductor C.
  • the smaller sizes of conductor C which may have as few as seven individual strands of wire, have been found to readily deform and the diameter of bore 16 may be approximately 12% larger than the diameter of conductor C.
  • the diameter of bore 16 may be approximately 12% larger than the diameter of conductor C.
  • the increase in the diameter of bores 25 and 26 over the diameter of conductor C is less than the increase in the diameter of bore 16. It has been found that ideally, the increase in the diameter of bores 25 and 26 is only 60% of the increase in the diameter of bore 16 over the diameter of conductor C. Tests have shown that these dimensions substantially increase the force required to pull conductor C out of connector when jaws A and B are in the closed position.
  • an improved nonshearing solderless electrical connector which is effective in satisfying the objectives of the prior art to a degree unobtainable heretofore.
  • conductor C is permitted to deform as jaws A and B are rotated to the closed position without any shearing action and without decreasing electrical conductivity or the strength of conductor C.
  • the manner in which conductor C deforms significantly increases the force required to separate conductor C and connector 10.
  • the area of contact between connector 10 and support D is maximized so as not to decrease electrical conductivity through connector 10.
  • a solderless electrical connector of the rotatable jaw, clamping type comprising male and female jaws having respective mounting tails adapted to be secured against a support, said male jaw including a transverse cylindrical head joined to one end of said male jaw tail and having a bore which extends diametrically through the center of said head for receipt of a conductor, said female jaw including a C-shaped yoke joined to one end of said female jaw tail and defining a transverse cylindrical socket which receives said head of said male jaw for relative angular movement of said jaws between an open, conductonreceiving position and a closed, conductor-clamping position, said yoke having opposed cylindrical bores on a common diameter of said yoke which are alignable with said bore in said male jaw in said open position of said jaws, the improvement wherein the diameter of said bore in said male jaw is throughout its length slightly larger than the diameter of said bore in said female jaw to permit said conductor to expand when said jaws are rotated to said closed position.
  • said male and female jaw tails have alignable apertures therein adapted to receive a fastener, the improvement wherein said aperture in said female jaw tail is positioned at an angle relative to a line normal to the plane of said tail which is approximately equal to one-half of the angle between said male and female jaw tails when said jaws are in said open position.
  • a solderless electrical connector of the rotatable jaw, clamping type comprising male and female jaws having respective mounting tails, said male jaw including a transverse cylindrical head joined to one end of said male jaw tail and having a bore which extends through the center of said head for receipt ofa conductor, said female jaw including a C-shaped yoke, one side of said yokde being joined to one end of said female jaw tail, said yoke defining a transverse cylindrical socket which receives said head of said male jaw for relative angular movement of said jaws between an open, conductor-receiving position and a closed, con ductor-clamping position, said yoke having opposed cylindrical bores on a common diameter of said yoke which are alignable with said bore in said male jaw in said open position of said jaws, the improvement wherein said aperture in said female jaw tail is positioned at an angle relative to a line normal to the plane of said tail which is approximately equal to one-half of the angle between said male and female jaw tails when
  • a solderless electrical connector of the rotatable jaw, clamping type comprising male and female jaws having respective mounting tails with alignable ap ertures therein adapted to receive a fastener and to be secured against a support
  • said male jaw including a transverse cylindrical head joined to one end of said male jaw tail by a neck and having a bore which extends diametrically through the center of said head for receipt of a conductor
  • said female jaw including a C- shaped yoke joined to one end of said female jaw tail and defining a transverse cylindrical socket which receives said head of said male jaw for relative angular movement of said jaws between an open, conductorreceiving position and a closed, conductor-clamping position
  • said yoke having diametrically opposed cylindrical bores on a common diameter of said yoke which are alignable with said bore in said male jaw in said open position of said jaws
  • said aperture in said female jaw tail is positioned at an angle relative to a line normal to the plane
  • a solderless electrical connector of the rotatable jaw, damping type comprising male and female jaws having respective mounting tails adapted to be secured against a support, said male jaw including a transverse cylindrical head joined to one end of said male jaw tail by a neck and having a bore which extends diametrically through the center of said head for receipt of a conductor, said female jaw including a C shaped yoke joined to one end of said female jaw tail and defining a transverse cylindrical socket which receives said head of said male jaw for relative angular movement of said jaws between an open, conductorreceiving position and a closed, conductor-clamping position, said yoke having diametrically opposed cylindrical bores on a common diameter of said yoke which are alignable with said bore in said male jaw in said open position of said jaws, the improvement wherein said male jaw tail is slightly concave when said jaws are in said open position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
  • Processing Of Terminals (AREA)
US354645A 1973-04-26 1973-04-26 Non-shearing solderless electrical connector Expired - Lifetime US3883211A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US354645A US3883211A (en) 1973-04-26 1973-04-26 Non-shearing solderless electrical connector
JP49043917A JPS5030076A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-04-26 1974-04-20
AU68215/74A AU6821574A (en) 1973-04-26 1974-04-23 Cable clamp
DE7414321U DE7414321U (de) 1973-04-26 1974-04-24 Kabelklemme
GB1797774A GB1428634A (en) 1973-04-26 1974-04-24 Cable clamp
BR3394/74A BR7403394D0 (pt) 1973-04-26 1974-04-25 Um terminal para cabo condutor
FR7414513A FR2227463B3 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-04-26 1974-04-25
CH569874A CH596676A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1973-04-26 1974-04-25

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US354645A US3883211A (en) 1973-04-26 1973-04-26 Non-shearing solderless electrical connector

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US3883211A true US3883211A (en) 1975-05-13

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US354645A Expired - Lifetime US3883211A (en) 1973-04-26 1973-04-26 Non-shearing solderless electrical connector

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US (1) US3883211A (enrdf_load_html_response)
JP (1) JPS5030076A (enrdf_load_html_response)
AU (1) AU6821574A (enrdf_load_html_response)
BR (1) BR7403394D0 (enrdf_load_html_response)
CH (1) CH596676A5 (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE (1) DE7414321U (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR2227463B3 (enrdf_load_html_response)
GB (1) GB1428634A (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4014078A (en) * 1976-01-16 1977-03-29 Electro-Clamp Corporation Clamping device with adjusting ring
DE3110298A1 (de) 1980-04-02 1982-01-07 Pan Electric Corp., 90212 Beverly Hills, Calif. "vorrichtung zum einklemmen eines kabels"
US4479694A (en) * 1980-04-02 1984-10-30 Pan Electric Corporation Cable clamping device
USD296777S (en) 1985-10-07 1988-07-19 Pan Electric Corporation Cable clamp
US4898551A (en) * 1989-04-11 1990-02-06 Pan Electric Corporation Cable clamp
US5765962A (en) * 1996-02-15 1998-06-16 Pan Electric Corporation Ground rod connector
US5919065A (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-07-06 Pan Electric Corporation Electrical connector
US20030047400A1 (en) * 2001-09-13 2003-03-13 Warner Roy K. Railroad rail-connector assembly

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51111240U (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1975-03-04 1976-09-08
JPS51111241U (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1975-03-04 1976-09-08
JPS51101242A (ja) * 1975-03-04 1976-09-07 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Koshuhakanetsusochi
EP0009060A1 (en) * 1978-09-06 1980-04-02 AMP INCORPORATED (a New Jersey corporation) Eccentric bore electrical terminal
GB8404542D0 (en) * 1984-02-21 1984-03-28 Furse & Co Ltd W J Mounting lightning conductor assemblies
US5391014A (en) * 1993-09-14 1995-02-21 Kalloy Industrial Co., Ltd. Universally rotatable nipple for a brake cable

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3169818A (en) * 1963-10-10 1965-02-16 Mildred M Tracy Electrical conductor clamp
US3406372A (en) * 1966-12-01 1968-10-15 Electro Clamp Corp Non-shearing wire-clamping electrical connector

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3169818A (en) * 1963-10-10 1965-02-16 Mildred M Tracy Electrical conductor clamp
US3406372A (en) * 1966-12-01 1968-10-15 Electro Clamp Corp Non-shearing wire-clamping electrical connector

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4014078A (en) * 1976-01-16 1977-03-29 Electro-Clamp Corporation Clamping device with adjusting ring
DE3110298A1 (de) 1980-04-02 1982-01-07 Pan Electric Corp., 90212 Beverly Hills, Calif. "vorrichtung zum einklemmen eines kabels"
US4357068A (en) * 1980-04-02 1982-11-02 Pan Electric Corporation Cable clamping device
US4479694A (en) * 1980-04-02 1984-10-30 Pan Electric Corporation Cable clamping device
DE3153718C2 (enrdf_load_html_response) * 1980-04-02 1991-12-05 Pan Electric Corp., Beverly Hills, Calif., Us
USD296777S (en) 1985-10-07 1988-07-19 Pan Electric Corporation Cable clamp
US4898551A (en) * 1989-04-11 1990-02-06 Pan Electric Corporation Cable clamp
US5765962A (en) * 1996-02-15 1998-06-16 Pan Electric Corporation Ground rod connector
US5919065A (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-07-06 Pan Electric Corporation Electrical connector
US6241563B1 (en) 1997-12-05 2001-06-05 Pan Electric Corporation Electrical connector
US20030047400A1 (en) * 2001-09-13 2003-03-13 Warner Roy K. Railroad rail-connector assembly
US6772868B2 (en) * 2001-09-13 2004-08-10 Pan Electric Corporation Railroad rail-connector assembly

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5030076A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1975-03-26
FR2227463A1 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-11-22
GB1428634A (en) 1976-03-17
AU6821574A (en) 1975-10-23
CH596676A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1978-03-15
FR2227463B3 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1977-03-04
DE7414321U (de) 1974-08-14
BR7403394D0 (pt) 1974-11-19

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