US388244A - Nvejmtor - Google Patents

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US388244A
US388244A US388244DA US388244A US 388244 A US388244 A US 388244A US 388244D A US388244D A US 388244DA US 388244 A US388244 A US 388244A
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fingers
arm
contacts
receiving
station
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L17/00—Apparatus or local circuits for transmitting or receiving codes wherein each character is represented by the same number of equal-length code elements, e.g. Baudot code
    • H04L17/16—Apparatus or circuits at the receiving end
    • H04L17/24—Apparatus or circuits at the receiving end using mechanical translation and type-head printing, e.g. type-wheel, type-cylinder

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  • PETERS Pholmulhugnphnr. Warhingiun. n. c.
  • My invention is the subject of patents in France dated January 6, 1882, No. 146,716; in England, dated January 28, 1882, No. 436; in Germany, dated February 4, 1882, No. 20,826, and in Belgium, dated January 25, 1882, No. 56,883.
  • the signals which represent the letters are formed by means of the multiple combinations that it is possible to make with simple signs.
  • the systems of this class admit of the employment either of a single line-wire or several linewires.
  • the simplesigns the combination of which represents a letter reach the receiving-station successively.
  • the same signsarrivesimultaneously. lVhen thesesigns are received complete at the receiving-station, the translation of this combination of signs into a letter of the usual alphabet has to be made. This is done by an employ or by a mechanism.
  • My improved system of only one line-wire comprises, first, at the sending-station ca manipulator or instrument to be manipulated by the operator for preparing the combination of signals to be transmitted; and I), a distributer, which effects automatically the transmission to the line of the electric currents, the direction and order of which depend on the combination prepared by the manipulator.
  • This distributer in its rotative movement picks 11p at each turn the successive signals that have been prepared by the manipulator; and, second, at the receivingstation a a distributor which gives out again the currents received by the receiving instruments or relays; and Z), a translating-receiver which, after taking up the signals which are given to it by the relays, translates them into typographic signs printed on a strip of paper.
  • each of them includes a manipulator, a distributer, and a translatingreceiver.
  • the same distributer is used for transmitting the signals that are furnished by the manipulator and for the distributing of the signals arriving from the opposite station to the respective receiving instruments or relays which precede the translator.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the connection between the transmitting and receiving stations.
  • Fig. 2 is a chart or diagram illustrating the different combinations which may be used in transmitting.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 are elevations of an electric combiner, an instrument employed at the receiving-station.
  • Fig. 5 is a diagram or chart showing a development ofthe periphery of the combiner.
  • FIG. 6 is a fragmentary side elevation of the combiner, showing a modified construction.
  • Fig. 7 is a fragmentary front view thereof.
  • Fig. 8 is a plan ofa modified form of combiner, its operation being mechanical.
  • Fig. 9 is a plan of a fragment thereof.
  • Fig. 10 is a frag mentary view showing a modification of Fig.
  • Fig. 11 is a fragmentary section showing 5 a further modification.
  • Fig. 12 is a similar View to Fig. 3, illustrating a modification.
  • Fig. 13 is a similar view to Fig. 4, showing a modified construction.
  • Figs. 11 and 15 are diagrams showing modifications of Figs. 2 and 3.
  • Fig. 16, which is a diagram illustrating the complete installation at onestation, will be described after the description in detail of the several apparatus practically employed. Figs. 17 to 31, inclusive, will be explained subsequently.
  • the circuit For transmitting by this system over a single wire the circuit is divided at the sending and receiving stations into an equal number of branches-five, for example-all of these branches being connected to earth on the one hand and to the line-wire on the other. Their connection with the line is made through the medium of the distributer, by which the five branches are put successively into communication with the line andthe two distributers are caused to revolve synchronously to such effeet that when the, distribnter connects either branch at the sending-station with the line the corresponding branch at the receivingstation is also put in connection with theliue.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the simplest arrangement ofthis character.
  • Atthe sending-station there are five branches, in which are arranged five keys, Oto C ,(constituting a manipulator,) and the branches terminate in metal contacts a to aiwhich are swept by a conducting'brush, A.
  • the five branches at the reeeivingstation contain electro-magnets E to E and terminate likewise is five contacts, which are swept by a brush, B.
  • the brushes A and B are connected together through the medium of the linewire and move synch ronously, thereby putting key 0 into momentary communication with magnet E, then G" with E, and so on successively. If, therefore, several keys are depressed, the
  • the positions of the armatures of the magnets will correspond with the positions of the keys.
  • the keys can be depressed separately or in any desired groupings, there are altogether thirty-two different combinations of the five movements, as is shown by the chart or diagram, Fig. 2. Each of these combinations will represent a different letter or character to be printed. If the armatures of the receiving-magnets are polarized, they remain in the position in which they are set by the currents that actuate them, and thus the signal is, as it were, stored; or they may be made to act on mechanism which stores the signal, so that there is sufficient time totranslate and print the signals received.
  • the translation is effected by an instrument which I call the translator, and which consists of a series of feelin g fingers 0r brushes moving relatively to-a combiner/ S0 called from its ineludingin itself all the combinations to be translated.
  • the translator may be constructed in various ways, one of which is shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5. Although the translating mechanism will now be described as applicable to the thirty-two combinations resulting from five movements, it is to be understood that similar mechanism is applicable to other numbers of movements and their combinations by merely altering the number of parts; also, where circular rows of contacts are described it is to be understood that they might be concentric or parallel.
  • Therubbers or brushes may move over the cont-acts or they may be stationary while the contacts move.
  • Fig. 3 shows a combiner cylinder consisting of five pairs of peripherally-indented metal disks,D D, their indentations being arranged as shown in Fig. 5, which is a developmerit of the periphery of the cylinder, the tinted parts representing the indentations, (which may be filled with insulating material.)
  • the disks are swept by ten conducting brushes or fingers, F F,which revolve around the' cylinder, and which are electrically connected to ten contacts,c 0, arranged in five pairs, between H which play the five armatures bb of the receiving-magnetsEtoE (Shownin Fig. 1.)
  • These armatures are connected to the positive pole of a local battery, P, while the disks'D are connected to its negative pole.
  • the two disks D of each pair are reciprocals, each having an indentation coinciding with an adjoining plain.
  • a type-wheel, y, Fig. 4 revolves with the fingers or brushes F F and has thirty-two peripheral types spaced in the same manner as the indented divisions of the disks D D.
  • Fig. 4 shows a pin, j, on the type-wheel, which at the end of each revolution strikes a restoring-lever, j, which throws back the arm carrying the paper, while the latter is held by the feedingrollers, so that a part of the paper one space in advance of the printed character is presented at the end of the arm ready to be brought against the t5 pe-wheel, in order that at the next revolution another character may be impressed on the paperjust beyond the one last printed. If the sending-operator presses down a new combination of keys to each revolution of the fingers or brushes and typewheel, a new character will be printed during each revolution. This will be explained in detail hereinafter.
  • the device thus far described is an electrical combiner.
  • My invention may also be embodied in a mechanical combiner, wherein the simultaneous drop of feeler brushes or lingers into notches or indentations shall cause the paper to be pressed against the type-wheel.
  • the brushes or fingers are moved by the armatures, it is better to make the cylinder revolve relatively to them.
  • the arrangement shown in Figs. (5 and 7 may be adopted, this giving a. margin almost equivalent to a whole revolution of the cylinder for preparing the signal by the armatnres.
  • Fig. the arrangement shown in Figs.
  • a cam, d pushes back the ping and the armature.
  • the pin 9 has very little mass or friction, the working of the fingers by the armatures can thus be effected with very small magnetic power.
  • concentric indented rings may be employed, these being stationary, while the fingers revolve. This arrangement is shown in Figs. 8,9,10, and 11 combined with a switch mechanism for effecting the movement of the fingers by the armature.
  • the five fingers are mounted on the frame G by pivot-screws and the frame itself is pivoted at its ends to a frame or arm, H, which is mounted on a vertical tubular spindle in the center by which the fingers are carried around.
  • An arm, G projects from the frame G and is pressed down upon by a spring, (1 fixed to the arm H, thereby cansing the fingers F F to press down upon theindented rings D D.
  • Fig. 9 shows how each finger is guided by a switch, (I, worked by an armature, b, citherto right or left, according as the switch is in the position shown by the full or thedotted lines.
  • the switclrlever after operating is restored to its normal position by a cam.
  • FIG. shows a modified arrangement of this apparatus.
  • a stationaryincline,f guides the finger to the left and the switch (I is moved parallel to itself by the armature b, as in Fig. 10, or by an arm of the armature lever,asshown in Fig. 11.
  • Fig. 12 shows a simplified construction of elcctriccombiner, being a devclopmcntofacylinderconsisti ng offive indented metal disks DD which revolve i n front of ti ve fingers or brushes, F F, connected, respectively, to the five armatures, I) b, which merely act as interrupters of the current.
  • These armatures I) b are the ar- They are connected through the coil of an electromagnet, e, to one pole of a local battery, P, the other pole of which is connected to the cylin der.
  • FIG. 13 Another arrangement is shown in Fig. 13.
  • a lever, h rests against a pin, it.
  • the armature b When the armature b is caused to rise by the interruption of the current,it pushes the paper against the type-wheel, but at the same time rocks the lever h, which falls on a contact, h.
  • the circuit of the local battery and electromagnet is then closed through 6 h h", and the armature I) cannot again rise.
  • a restoringlever, j is struck by a pin, h, and moves it back and advances thcpaper by the ratchet i.
  • Fig. 17 and 18 show the transmitting key board or manipulator, the former figure being a section on the line 17 17 in the latter, and the latter figure being a plan with the five finger-keys omitted, these being indicated in dotted lines.
  • Fig. 19 is a diagram showing the electrical connections at the sending and receiving stations.
  • Figs. 20, 21, and 22 show the distributor.
  • Fig. 20 is a front elevation; Fig. 21, a side elevation, and Fig. 22 a diametrical transverse section.
  • Fig. 20 is a front elevation; Fig. 21, a side elevation, and Fig. 22 a diametrical transverse section.
  • Fig. 23 is a simplifieddiagram showing the principle of the electrical connection of the sending and receiving stations through the distributers.
  • Fig. 24 is a chart showing the various combinations of the manipulator corresponding to the different letters or characters to be printed.
  • Fig. 25 is a front elevation ofthe translatingreceiver.
  • Fig. 26 is a side elevation thereof, viewed from the left in Fig. 25, and partly in section, cut in the plane of the line 26 26 therein.
  • Fig. 27 is a plan thereof.
  • Fig. 28 is a front elevation thereof, partly in section, cut in the plane of the lines 28 28 in Fig. 26.
  • Fig. 29 is a front view, in vertical section, cut in the plane of the lines 29 29 in Fig. 26.
  • Fig. 30 is a plan of a fragment of the printing mechanism; and
  • Fig. 31 is a development of the combiner-disks, showing the arrangement of their indentations.
  • llIanipuZator.-I will first describe the manipulator. As shown in Figs. 17 and 18, this is composed of a box in which are mounted five finger-keys, G 0, (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 18 and numbered 0 to C all being pivoted on a rod, a. They should be made of wood, faced with ivory, like the keys of apiano. The two keys on the left are separated from the three on the right, and a commutator hand-lever, I), is arranged between. On turning this lever to make contact with c the manipulator is arranged for the transmission of a message. For receiving, it is turned to make contact with 0. (See the diagram, Fig.
  • each finger-key G is two springs or circuit-closcrs, d d, fixed to the bottom of the box at one of their ends.
  • the depression of the key 0 makes their free ends move between buttons 0 e, of silver.
  • the springs d d serve for the transmission, properly called, while the others, d d, serve to actuate the receivinginstrument at thetransmitting-station,in order that it shall duplicate the message.
  • the upper buttons, e, of the five springs d are formed by plugs of silver embedded in one plate of brass, f.
  • the upper buttons of the five springs d are embedded in The lower buttons, 6', of the five springs d are embedded in a plate,f", and the lower buttons of the five springs d are embedded in the plate f.
  • the four plates fff f are insulated from one another by means of plates of ebonite or ivory.
  • the distributing apparatus may best be understood from the diagram, Fig. 23, which shows the distributers at the transmitting and receiving stations and their principal connections.
  • the distributcr consists of a double brush, A, mounted on a shaft, B,.which is revolved by any kind of motor mechanism.
  • This brush A sweeps in a uniform circular movement over five contacts, which are respectively connected to the five springs (Z d of the keys of the manipulator at the sending-station, and to the five receivingmagnets E to E at the receivingstation.
  • Fig. 23 these contacts are lettered g to g in the transmitting-distributer, and G to G in the receiving-distributor.
  • the double brush A of the former sweeps over the contacts 9 and a long contact, h,which is connected to the line, and at the receiving-station the current enters from the line to a similar long contact, H, and passes by the double brush A to the successive contacts G.
  • the five receiving electromagnets, Fig. 23, are polarized, the armature of each being arranged in such manner as to be pressed toward the button 2' at the left or the button 2" at the right, according as the current in its coils is positive or negative.
  • Each armature is so regulated as to remain permanently in contact with the button against which it has been moved by a momentary current in either direction traversing its coils.
  • the brushes A A driven at the same speed, are started at the same moment from a point on the circumference of the disk or plate. They will touch necessarily and coincidently the contacts 9 G, G G, G, and g
  • the five keys of the manipulator, Fig. 23 are some of them depressed, the others raised, while the brush A makes one turn.
  • These positive and negative currents are sent successively to the receiving electromagnets, and the five armatu res reproduce the positions of the combination of keys pressed down at the transmitting-station.
  • the five exterior contacts are mounted on a circle of ebonite,s-, which slides in an annular groove, i
  • a circle of ebonite,s- which slides in an annular groove, i
  • the tangent-screw V and of the toothed sector 8 which is fixed to the ring 8*, one may displace the five contacts 1 to 1 around their common center, (which is the shaft 13,) thereby permitting the regulation of the distributers of the two communicating stations in such manner that the brushes pass at the same moment over the cont-acts of the same order.
  • These contacts I to l have each a groove,u, Fig. 22, in which communication with the bars 1;, which connect with the wires,is established through the medium of spring w, which assures the passage of the current, while permitting of free displacement of the contacts.
  • Fig. 19 we may easily understand the operation of the system. Let us suppose that the station on the left is the transmitting-station and that on the right the receiving-station. In the first the commutator hand-lever b is turned to make contact with 0. Thus the upper buttons, 6, of the springs d of the manipulator are connected to the negative pole of a battery, 1)", by the common plate, f, (referring back to Figs. 17 and 18). As for the lower buttons, 0, of the same springs, d, they are connected through the platef to the positive pole of a battery, P.
  • P" is a local battery, the positive pole of which is connected to the plate f' of the lower buttons of the springs d, and also to the vibrator I)" of a polarized relay, R.
  • the contact c of this relay is connected to the plate f of the upper buttons of the springs d.
  • the brush A touches G and H the brush A touches the contact I, which is connected to the electro-magnet E of the receiver at the sending-station, and the contact K, which is connected to the first spring (1. No circuit being thus formed, the magnet Eis not affected.
  • the negative current arriving by the line passes by H, the double brush A G, the wire which goes to the first key-spring d of the manipulator, the commutator b c, the relay R, and the earth.
  • the relay B being polarized in such way as not to be affected by negative currents, remains immovable, and no current can reach the electro-magnet E of the receiving-station.
  • the positive current which arrives by the line passes by H, the brush A, which has advanced synchronously, G the wire which goes to the second key-spring d, this spring, its contact 6, the plate f b c, the relay R, and the earth.
  • the relay is acted upon by this positive current and its vibrator b touches the contact 0
  • a positive current from the local battery P at the receiving-station passes by b c", the plate f, the second spring (1 K the brush A I, and the electro-magnet E of the receiver.
  • the brushes pass onto the third contacts, the third key not being depressed, the electromagnets E of the receivers are not excited.
  • the brushes pass onto the fourth and fifth contacts, the fourth and fifth keys of the manipulator at the sending-station being ICO depressed, the electro-magnets E both stations are actuated.
  • TrcmsZatr. The apparatus which translates the received signals Iinto a letter printed typographically is shown in Figs. 25 to 31. To render this description more clear, I will divide it into five parts, corresponding to the five series of organs, the functions of which may be stated thus: first, means for driving the'translator and governing its speed; second, devices for receiving from the sending station the signals of which the combination should represent a letter; third, devices which transfer this group of received signals to a second series of devices which preserve them, thereby leaving the receiving devices above mentioned free for the reception of new sigand E of nals; fourth, mechanism for automatically translating the signals, this translation having for its result to determine the particular letter resulting from the combination of the signals; fifth, finally, mechanism for'printing.
  • the translator apparatus may carry the distributer.
  • the latter is placed vertically and in the rear-that is, at the-left in Fig. 26, where the distributer is not shown, in order not to complicate the drawings. -'In this construction it'is the same motor which turns both the distributer and the translator.
  • the shaft Bin Figs. and 21 is in such case identical with the shaft 13 in Figs. 25 to 29.
  • the slower one thus becomes the governingtranslator and the faster one the governed.
  • the electric brake of the governing-translator thus becomes inactive, while that of the governed translator is used to retard the speed of the latter, and thereby to hold it back to the same speed of rotation as that of the governing translator.
  • a current is sent during a certain fraction of each revolution from the governing to the governed translator, and serves to excite the electric brake of the latter, during its passage. The duration of this current is proportioned to the advance that the faster translator has acquired over the governing 'ing mechanism.
  • the adjustment should be such that when both are in unison the springs of the governing-translator will be first closed, and upon their'being separated those of the governed translator are closed, so that no current passes; but as the governed translatorgains upon the other its springs close together before those of the governing translator are opened, thus causing a current to pass during the period of overlapping, so to speak, of the two closures.
  • each electro-magnet Eis pivoted to one of the poles, p", and attracted by the other pole, Ithas fixed beneath it a retractingspring, b, and above it is an arm, 0 in the form of a strip, the free end of which is turned down at a right angle.
  • This arm which is slightly flexible, is adjustable by means of a screw, d, by which it may be pressed down more'or less.
  • Trmzslatingmechanism Thetranslation of the stored-up signals into a typographical letter is effected by a combiner and a series offingers, theprinciple of which has already been described with reference to Figs. 2 to 15, especially Fig. 15.
  • the combiner consists of two peripherally-indented disks, D and D, arranged side by side, and the indentations in each being alongside of plain or projecting spaces on the other, the arrangement of indentations being shown in Fig. 31. In this figure the sectionshaded squares designate the plain or projecting portions and the white squares the indentations.
  • Each finger F to F is formed with a square head, 2, on its upper arm, so that the heads of all the fingers touch one another, even when some of the fingers are displaced over the disk D, as shown in Fig. 27.
  • a lever, F having a head, 2, which bears against the head 2' of the lefthand finger.
  • This lever is pressed toward the right by a spring, but can be tilted over only in case all the fingers maybe tilted. This can happen only when all five of the fingers drop simultaneously into indentations in the com biner'disks as, if any one of the fingers is not over an indentation it alone will serve to resist the tilting of the lever F and any of the fingers that may intervene.
  • the sending-operator has, conforn'lably to the indications of the table, Fig. 24, pressed down the keys 0*, O, and 0 It results from this that positive currents have been sent to the receiving-magnets IKE", and E, Figs. 26 and 27,the switch-levers e corresponding havebeen tilted to 6*, and the rods "f y" f have been pushed forward, as well as the fingers F F F that they carry. On the other hand,we may ascertain from Fig.
  • Printing-Fig. 28 shows at r" the spring which acts on the lever Ffor pressing the lat ter against the heads of the fingers.
  • This arm Q is connected by a red, I), to a lever, Q, beneath a screw, 0 and is held by a spring, 1'
  • This lever, which turns on an axial screw, 0, is called the catch-lever, because it carries a hook, m, which catches over a steel pin, 00, on
  • the shaft B carries in front'of the wheel S a type-wheel,Y, having printi ng-types engraved in reliefon its periphery.
  • a band of paper, P passes between this wheel Y and an impression'rollerflv mounted on the arm It.
  • a cylindrical inking pad, Z previously inked,
  • Fig. 25 shows clearly how the results in bringing the band of paper, B, into contact with the type which is passing at this instant in coincidence with the roller W, so that an impression of this type is made on the paper band.
  • the combiner-disks D D and the type-wheel Y are arranged in such manner that the type which'finds itself in coincidence with the roller W corresponds to the combination formed by the indentations in D D which are at the same instant in coincidence with the fingers.
  • the arm B reaches the position It"
  • the type this position until the roller V, which is carried by the wheel S, comes against the upper order during each revolution.
  • Fig. 30 is a plan of thepart of the mechanism including the arm R and its rollers and the compressor-roller m.
  • the flange between the disks is interrupted on the inert portion thereof which is passing the fingers during this part of the revolution.
  • the printing-arm R is restored to the righthand position.
  • Fig. 16 (which is lettered to correspond with Figs. 1 to 15) shows a more complicated installation.
  • 'lhedistribnter carriesfourdouble brushes, numbered 1 2, 3 4t, 5 6, and 7 8. They sweep over contacts in rows A, B, O, D, E, G*, and G.
  • There are five relays, R to R controlling the respective receiving-magnets E to E L is the manipulatorswitch, and J is the electric brake-magnet.
  • the operation is as follows: The distributers at the two stations having been set in motion and brought to accord with one another, the sending-operator sets his switch L to Ti. Thedistributorhaving reached the po sition shown, the circuit of the local battery P is first closed by brushes 1 2 through the magnet I of a metronome. Suppose the letter M is to be transmitted. The operator depresses keys O, G, and Thus the positive pole of battery T is put in communication with the contacts a a, and a, while the negative pole of battery T is in communication with contacts a and a". As the brushes 7 8 sweep over these contacts, the respective contacts send positive or negative currents over the line through contact-strip B and switch L. At the receiving-station the switch L is set to Re.
  • the respectivepositive and negative currents pass from the switch to the spring (1 of the successive keys, and thence successively to the contacts 3 to s, which are coincidently swept by the brushes 3 4, through which the five successive currents pass into the contacts 3 a tor which conductthem tothesuccessive polarized relays It to It, after which they pass to earth.
  • the relays It R" are traversed by negative currents and the others by positive currents.
  • Their polarization is such that the armatures of those receiving negative currents remain in the position shown in full lines, while the armatures of these receiving positive currents are thrown over to the right, and thus close the circuits to the respective receiving-magnets E to E of the trans later.
  • the magnets E E thus put in circuit are then traversed by a current from the local battery P.
  • the armatures of the relays R R, and R remain thus deflected until the new revolution of the distrilmter-arm, when the brushes 5 and 6 (which travel in advance of the receivingbrnshes 3 and t) form a bridge between the long contact 0 and the con tacts r to 1" successively, thus causing a negative current from local battery P to traverse all the relays It to It in succession, which throws back to the full-line position those armatures that were before deflected.
  • the translator turns at the same speed as the distributer, being corrected at each revolution by the electromagnetic brake, which is operated by the passing of a current through the magnet J upon the closure of the two contact-springs ff by the eam s on the translator.
  • This current comes from the battery P, and can pass only when the contacts G and G are connected by the brushes 1 and 2 on the distributor, so that the relative position of the two instruments determines the duration of this current.
  • the metronome-magnet M receives a current during the entire time of the transmission of the signals, its connection being broken during that part of the revolution during which the displaced organs of the translator are being restored. It is placed in the case of the manipulator, and its function is to mark time for the operator, in order that he may know when to depress the keys and how long to hold them down. He should depress them an instant before the distributer puts the manipulator in connection with the line,and should keep them depressed as long as this connection lasts. In order to avoid the trouble of keeping them so depressed, I utililize the local current which actuates the metronome-magnet for holding down the keys. For this purpose each key is, as shown in Fig.

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Description

11 Sheets-Sheet 1.
(No Model.)
J. M. E. BAUDOT.
PRINTING TELEGRAPH.
Patented Aug. 21, 1888.
Earth,
INVENTOR:
By hi5 lttbrneys,
WITNESSES:
Wow,
N. FETERs PhotnLitbognphor. Washington. D.,C.
(No Model.) 11 SheetsSheet 9.
J. M. E. BAUDOT.
PRINTING TELEGRAPH.
No. 388,244. Patented Aug. 21, 1888. Fig-.12- FirazlQ- F5. 5215 WITN ESSES: INVENTORI N. PETERS Phow-Lilhogmphgr. Wahinglun. n. c,
(No Model.) 11 Sheets-Sheet 3.
' J. M. E. BAUDOT.
PRINTING TELEGRAPH.
310.888.2441 Patented Aug. 21, 1888.
ILLQIJZ WITNESS INVENTOR:
By his .flttomeys.
n. PETERS. Pholmulhugnphnr. Warhingiun. n. c.
(No Model.) 11 Sheets-Sheet 4.
J. M. E. BAUDOT.
PRINTING TELEGRAPH.
N0. 388,244. Patented Aug. 21, 188i}.
INVENTOR an/mrw wfim By hzjs .llttomeys, Ah/IJQ, (SAW/M 11 Sheets Sheet 5.
J. M. E. BAUDOT.
PRINTING TELEGRAPH.
(No Model.)
Patented Aug. 21, 1888.
(No Model.) 11 SheetsSheet 7 J. M. E. BAUDOT.
PRINTING TELEGRAPH.
Patented Aug. 21, 1888.
INVE NTQ R:
By Attorneys. JuL Amm Y WITNESSES fl (No Model.) 7 11 Sheets-Sheet a.
J. M. E. BAUDOT.
PRINTING TELEGRAPH. No. 388,244. Patented Aug. 21, 1888.
4 it, INVENTOR; WITNESS s; fem/M g 4% 4? By his Attorneys,
a PETERS. Pmmmm n hm. wmin mm n. c,
(No Model.) 11 Sheets-Sheet 9.
J. M. E. BAUDOT.
PRINTING TELEGRAPH. No. 388,244. Patented Aug. 21, 1888.
Q 01 11) on GD (ID GB GD 1 INVENTOR' W TNE S S.
By his Attorneys,
N. PETERS. Plioiollllwgnphlr, Wa-hingwn, n. c.
(N0 Mode l.) 11 SheetsShe'et 10.
J. M. E. BAUDOT.
PRINTING TELEGRAPH.
Patented Aug. 21
|NVENTORZ Nv PETERS Fhulo-Lalhogmp'ur, wuhlmm, o. t;
11 Sheets-Sheet 11 (No Model.)
J. M. E. BAUDOT.
PRINTING TELEGRAPH.
No. 388,244. Patented Aug. 21, 1888.
W TN ESSE ETERs, Pmwum n lm, Wlshmglon. DV 0.
UN HE STATES PATENT EEICE.
JEAN MAURICE EMILE BAI JDOI, OF PARIS, FRANCE.
PRINTING-TELEGRAPH.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 388.244, dated August 21, 1888.
Application filed April 4, 1883. Serial No. 90,549. (No model.) Patented in France January 6, 1882. No. 146,716; in Belgium January 25, 1882, No. 56,883; in Fngland January 28, 1882. No. 436, and in Germany l ebruary 4,1882, No. 20,826.
To aZZ whom i]; may concern:
Be it known that I, JEAN DIAURICE EMILE BAUDOT, a citizen of the French Republic, and a resident of Paris, France, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvementsin Electric TelegraphIrinting Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.
My invention is the subject of patents in France dated January 6, 1882, No. 146,716; in England, dated January 28, 1882, No. 436; in Germany, dated February 4, 1882, No. 20,826, and in Belgium, dated January 25, 1882, No. 56,883.
In some of the printingtelegraph systems already existing the signals which represent the letters are formed by means of the multiple combinations that it is possible to make with simple signs. The systems of this class admit of the employment either of a single line-wire or several linewires. In the first case the simplesigns the combination of which represents a letter reach the receiving-station successively. In the second case the same signsarrivesimultaneously. lVhen thesesigns are received complete at the receiving-station, the translation of this combination of signs into a letter of the usual alphabet has to be made. This is done by an employ or by a mechanism. Various arrangements of automatic translators have already been invented for those systems admitting of several linewires-that is to say, the systems in which the signs the combinations of which form the letters manifest themselves simultaneously; but no one has yet invented an automatic transla tion applicable to those systems having only oneline-wire-thatis to say, in which the signs the combinations of which form the letters manifest themselves successively. It is this result that is realized by the system which constitutes my invention.
My improved system of only one line-wire comprises, first, at the sending-station ca manipulator or instrument to be manipulated by the operator for preparing the combination of signals to be transmitted; and I), a distributer, which effects automatically the transmission to the line of the electric currents, the direction and order of which depend on the combination prepared by the manipulator. This distributer in its rotative movement picks 11p at each turn the successive signals that have been prepared by the manipulator; and, second, at the receivingstation a a distributor which gives out again the currents received by the receiving instruments or relays; and Z), a translating-receiver which, after taking up the signals which are given to it by the relays, translates them into typographic signs printed on a strip of paper. The two stations in corn munication being identically installed, each of them includes a manipulator, a distributer, and a translatingreceiver. The same distributer is used for transmitting the signals that are furnished by the manipulator and for the distributing of the signals arriving from the opposite station to the respective receiving instruments or relays which precede the translator.
In order that my invention may be well understood, I will describe the new principle which it introduces with reference to some elementary forms, which will serve to elucidate that principle, before proceeding to describe the complete apparatus that I have devised for practical use. In so doing 'lshall refer to Figures 1 to 15 of the accompanying drawings, wherein-- Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the connection between the transmitting and receiving stations. Fig. 2 is a chart or diagram illustrating the different combinations which may be used in transmitting. Figs. 3 and 4 are elevations of an electric combiner, an instrument employed at the receiving-station. Fig. 5 is a diagram or chart showing a development ofthe periphery of the combiner. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary side elevation of the combiner, showing a modified construction. Fig. 7 is a fragmentary front view thereof. Fig. 8 is a plan ofa modified form of combiner, its operation being mechanical. Fig. 9 is a plan of a fragment thereof. Fig. 10 is a frag mentary view showing a modification of Fig.
9. Fig. 11 is a fragmentary section showing 5 a further modification. Fig. 12 is a similar View to Fig. 3, illustrating a modification. Fig. 13 is a similar view to Fig. 4, showing a modified construction. Figs. 11 and 15 are diagrams showing modifications of Figs. 2 and 3. Fig. 16, which is a diagram illustrating the complete installation at onestation, will be described after the description in detail of the several apparatus practically employed. Figs. 17 to 31, inclusive, will be explained subsequently.
In all these figures like letters of reference designate like or corresponding parts.
For transmitting by this system over a single wire the circuit is divided at the sending and receiving stations into an equal number of branches-five, for example-all of these branches being connected to earth on the one hand and to the line-wire on the other. Their connection with the line is made through the medium of the distributer, by which the five branches are put successively into communication with the line andthe two distributers are caused to revolve synchronously to such effeet that when the, distribnter connects either branch at the sending-station with the line the corresponding branch at the receivingstation is also put in connection with theliue. Thus, if a transmittingkey or circuit-breaker isincluded in each ofthe branches at the transmitting-station and an electro-magnet or relay in each of the branches at the receivingstation, the key in the first branch at the transmitting-station will control the magnet in the first branch at the receiving-station, the key in the second branch will control the second magnet, and so on.
Fig. 1 illustrates the simplest arrangement ofthis character. Atthe sending-station there are five branches, in which are arranged five keys, Oto C ,(constituting a manipulator,) and the branches terminate in metal contacts a to aiwhich are swept by a conducting'brush, A. The five branches at the reeeivingstation contain electro-magnets E to E and terminate likewise is five contacts, which are swept by a brush, B. The brushes A and B are connected together through the medium of the linewire and move synch ronously, thereby putting key 0 into momentary communication with magnet E, then G" with E, and so on successively. If, therefore, several keys are depressed, the
several corresponding magnets are excited, so
that the positions of the armatures of the magnets will correspond with the positions of the keys. As the keys can be depressed separately or in any desired groupings, there are altogether thirty-two different combinations of the five movements, as is shown by the chart or diagram, Fig. 2. Each of these combinations will represent a different letter or character to be printed. If the armatures of the receiving-magnets are polarized, they remain in the position in which they are set by the currents that actuate them, and thus the signal is, as it were, stored; or they may be made to act on mechanism which stores the signal, so that there is sufficient time totranslate and print the signals received.
The translation is effected by an instrument which I call the translator, and which consists of a series of feelin g fingers 0r brushes moving relatively to-a combiner/ S0 called from its ineludingin itself all the combinations to be translated. The translator may be constructed in various ways, one of which is shown in Figs. 3, 4, and 5. Although the translating mechanism will now be described as applicable to the thirty-two combinations resulting from five movements, it is to be understood that similar mechanism is applicable to other numbers of movements and their combinations by merely altering the number of parts; also, where circular rows of contacts are described it is to be understood that they might be concentric or parallel. Therubbers or brushes may move over the cont-acts or they may be stationary while the contacts move.
Fig. 3 shows a combiner cylinder consisting of five pairs of peripherally-indented metal disks,D D, their indentations being arranged as shown in Fig. 5, which is a developmerit of the periphery of the cylinder, the tinted parts representing the indentations, (which may be filled with insulating material.) The disks are swept by ten conducting brushes or fingers, F F,which revolve around the' cylinder, and which are electrically connected to ten contacts,c 0, arranged in five pairs, between H which play the five armatures bb of the receiving-magnetsEtoE (Shownin Fig. 1.) These armatures are connected to the positive pole of a local battery, P, while the disks'D are connected to its negative pole. The two disks D of each pair are reciprocals, each having an indentation coinciding with an adjoining plain.
conducting-surface on the other. \Vhen the armatures b b are in repose or resting on the left-hand contacts 0 c,the circuitofthe battery 1? is closed whatever be the position of the fingers or brushes on the projecting parts of the cylinder, since at every position at least one of the brushes is in contact with a con ducting portion of the disks; but if one of the armatures, or several of them,be moved to the dotted position the circuitis broken when the fingers or brushes reach a point on the eylinder determined by the combination of the displaced armatures, since at that point all the five fingers or brushes find themselves on the insulated indentations, whereas at every other point in the revolution at least one of the brushes is in contact with a projecting or conducting portion of the disks, and so serves to maintain the circuit closed.
As there are thirty-two different eonibinations that can be made by the displacement of a nation corresponding to this point.
A type-wheel, y, Fig. 4, revolves with the fingers or brushes F F and has thirty-two peripheral types spaced in the same manner as the indented divisions of the disks D D.
These types are presented toward a strip of paper,whieh isheld off from contact with them by the armature ofa magnet, 6, so long as this magnet is excited by the current from battery P; but when this circuit is broken this armature is released and the paper is carried against the particular type, which corresponds to the combination ofdisplacemeuts ofthe receivingarmatures by which the circuit has been broken. Thus there will be a different character printed on the paper for each different combination effected by the armatu res.
Such is the principle of my invention.
To enable successive characters to be printed, the paper must be fed forward ashort distance after each impression. Fig. 4 shows a pin, j, on the type-wheel, which at the end of each revolution strikes a restoring-lever, j, which throws back the arm carrying the paper, while the latter is held by the feedingrollers, so that a part of the paper one space in advance of the printed character is presented at the end of the arm ready to be brought against the t5 pe-wheel, in order that at the next revolution another character may be impressed on the paperjust beyond the one last printed. If the sending-operator presses down a new combination of keys to each revolution of the fingers or brushes and typewheel, a new character will be printed during each revolution. This will be explained in detail hereinafter. It will be seen from Fig. 5 that the position of an armature-such as b determines by which of the two fingers or brushes F of either pair the circuit is closed. A single brush moved by the armature to contact with either the first or the second disk D would produce the same result.
The device thus far described is an electrical combiner. My invention may also be embodied in a mechanical combiner, wherein the simultaneous drop of feeler brushes or lingers into notches or indentations shall cause the paper to be pressed against the type-wheel. \Vhen the brushes or fingers are moved by the armatures, it is better to make the cylinder revolve relatively to them. As it may be desirable to have the brushes or fingers displaced at the proper moment without neces sarily exciting the magnet at the same time, the arrangement shown in Figs. (5 and 7 may be adopted, this giving a. margin almost equivalent to a whole revolution of the cylinder for preparing the signal by the armatnres. In Fig. 7 only two disks are shown with one finger or brush, it being understood that this is repeated throughout and that the disks are peripherally indented, as shown in Fig. 5. On the face of these disks isjoiuted a kind of fan or wedge, d, which is kept out by a spring, but which by the rotation of the disks is brought against the end of a pin, if this pin has been pushed by the armature I) of the magnet E, Fig. 6. in passing the pin the piece at is moved to the dotted position and the finger F,which, being pressed by the inclinef, would otherwise bear on the right-hand disk,
D is thus madeto bear on the left, D.
' matures ofthe magnets E E, Fig. l.
A cam, d, pushes back the ping and the armature. As the pin 9 has very little mass or friction, the working of the fingers by the armatures can thus be effected with very small magnetic power.
Instead of parallel combiner-disks,concentric indented rings may be employed, these being stationary, while the fingers revolve. This arrangement is shown in Figs. 8,9,10, and 11 combined with a switch mechanism for effecting the movement of the fingers by the armature.
Referring to Fig. 8, the five fingers are mounted on the frame G by pivot-screws and the frame itself is pivoted at its ends to a frame or arm, H, which is mounted on a vertical tubular spindle in the center by which the fingers are carried around. An arm, G, projects from the frame G and is pressed down upon by a spring, (1 fixed to the arm H, thereby cansing the fingers F F to press down upon theindented rings D D. \Vhenever all the fingers F F drop simultaneously into indentations in the rings D I), the frame G is permitted to rock and the arm G presses down on a pin which slides in the vertical bore in the central spindle, and this pin communicatesthe motion to the paper strip, either directly or through a lever, and effects the printing of the character corresponding to the combination of indentations into which the five fingers have fallen.
Fig. 9 shows how each finger is guided by a switch, (I, worked by an armature, b, citherto right or left, according as the switch is in the position shown by the full or thedotted lines. The switclrlever after operating is restored to its normal position by a cam.
Fig. shows a modified arrangement of this apparatus. A stationaryincline,f, guides the finger to the left and the switch (I is moved parallel to itself by the armature b, as in Fig. 10, or by an arm of the armature lever,asshown in Fig. 11.
Fig. 12 shows a simplified construction of elcctriccombiner, being a devclopmcntofacylinderconsisti ng offive indented metal disks DD which revolve i n front of ti ve fingers or brushes, F F, connected, respectively, to the five armatures, I) b, which merely act as interrupters of the current. These armatures I) b are the ar- They are connected through the coil of an electromagnet, e, to one pole of a local battery, P, the other pole of which is connected to the cylin der. For every different combination of the armature movements the circuit is broken in the first instance at a diil'erent point in the revolution of the cylinder, and the first break is made to effect the printing by the arrangement shown in Fig. 4, where the printing-arm on being brought against the type-wheel is not returned until the end ofthe revolution thereof, as will be fully explained hereinafter with reference to Figs. and 2S,-so that meanwhile the magnet is impotent.
IIO
Another arrangement is shown in Fig. 13. A lever, h, rests against a pin, it. When the armature b is caused to rise by the interruption of the current,it pushes the paper against the type-wheel, but at the same time rocks the lever h, which falls on a contact, h. The circuit of the local battery and electromagnet is then closed through 6 h h", and the armature I) cannot again rise. .As the typewheel completes its revolution, a restoringlever, j, is struck by a pin, h, and moves it back and advances thcpaper by the ratchet i.
In the combiner shown in Fig. 14 the five double rows are alike and are merely ad vanced by steps, so that each finger traverses the same succession of indentations, the effect being the same as though only one double row were used and the five fingers were arranged in succession. This latter plan is the one which I use in practice, and which is shown in Fig. 15, Where D D show the development of two disks indented oppositely, and F to F show the ends of the five fingers, illustrating their relative spacing.
Having thus described in general the system which forms the basis of my invention, I will now proceed to describe the several complete apparatus and their electrical connections for carrying my invention into practice. In so doing I shall make reference tothe remaining figures of the accompanying drawings, of which- Figs. 17 and 18 show the transmitting key board or manipulator, the former figure being a section on the line 17 17 in the latter, and the latter figure being a plan with the five finger-keys omitted, these being indicated in dotted lines. Fig. 19 is a diagram showing the electrical connections at the sending and receiving stations. Figs. 20, 21, and 22 show the distributor. Fig. 20 is a front elevation; Fig. 21, a side elevation, and Fig. 22 a diametrical transverse section. Fig. 23 is a simplifieddiagram showing the principle of the electrical connection of the sending and receiving stations through the distributers. Fig. 24 is a chart showing the various combinations of the manipulator corresponding to the different letters or characters to be printed. Fig. 25 is a front elevation ofthe translatingreceiver. Fig. 26 is a side elevation thereof, viewed from the left in Fig. 25, and partly in section, cut in the plane of the line 26 26 therein. Fig. 27 is a plan thereof. Fig. 28 is a front elevation thereof, partly in section, cut in the plane of the lines 28 28 in Fig. 26. Fig. 29 is a front view, in vertical section, cut in the plane of the lines 29 29 in Fig. 26. Fig. 30 is a plan of a fragment of the printing mechanism; and Fig. 31 is a development of the combiner-disks, showing the arrangement of their indentations.
In all these figures like letters of reference designate like or corresponding parts. It is to be observed, however, that the system of reference-letters used in these figures is not a second plate, f.
quite the same as that used in the first sixteen figures.
llIanipuZator.-I will first describe the manipulator. As shown in Figs. 17 and 18, this is composed of a box in which are mounted five finger-keys, G 0, (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 18 and numbered 0 to C all being pivoted on a rod, a. They should be made of wood, faced with ivory, like the keys of apiano. The two keys on the left are separated from the three on the right, anda commutator hand-lever, I), is arranged between. On turning this lever to make contact with c the manipulator is arranged for the transmission of a message. For receiving, it is turned to make contact with 0. (See the diagram, Fig. 19.) Under each finger-key G are two springs or circuit-closcrs, d d, fixed to the bottom of the box at one of their ends. The depression of the key 0 makes their free ends move between buttons 0 e, of silver. The springs d d serve for the transmission, properly called, while the others, d d, serve to actuate the receivinginstrument at thetransmitting-station,in order that it shall duplicate the message. In the position of rest of the keys the springs press against the upper buttons, 0 e, of which those for the springs d d are all connected to the negative pole of a battery, the other pole of which goes to the earth; but when the finger of the operator depresses one or more of the keys the corresponding springs are caused to press against the lower buttons, 6 6, each of which is joined to the positive pole of a battery, the negative pole of which goes to the earth. The upper buttons, e, of the five springs d are formed by plugs of silver embedded in one plate of brass, f. The upper buttons of the five springs d are embedded in The lower buttons, 6', of the five springs d are embedded in a plate,f", and the lower buttons of the five springs d are embedded in the plate f. The four plates fff f are insulated from one another by means of plates of ebonite or ivory.
Principle of'the disiributer.The distributing apparatus may best be understood from the diagram, Fig. 23, which shows the distributers at the transmitting and receiving stations and their principal connections. The distributcr consists of a double brush, A, mounted on a shaft, B,.which is revolved by any kind of motor mechanism. This brush A sweeps in a uniform circular movement over five contacts, which are respectively connected to the five springs (Z d of the keys of the manipulator at the sending-station, and to the five receivingmagnets E to E at the receivingstation. In
Fig. 23 these contacts are lettered g to g in the transmitting-distributer, and G to G in the receiving-distributor. The double brush A of the former sweeps over the contacts 9 and a long contact, h,which is connected to the line, and at the receiving-station the current enters from the line to a similar long contact, H, and passes by the double brush A to the successive contacts G. The five receiving electromagnets, Fig. 23, are polarized, the armature of each being arranged in such manner as to be pressed toward the button 2' at the left or the button 2" at the right, according as the current in its coils is positive or negative. Each armature is so regulated as to remain permanently in contact with the button against which it has been moved by a momentary current in either direction traversing its coils. Let us suppose, now, that the brushes A A, driven at the same speed, are started at the same moment from a point on the circumference of the disk or plate. They will touch necessarily and coincidently the contacts 9 G, G G, G, and g Let us suppose, also, that the five keys of the manipulator, Fig. 23, are some of them depressed, the others raised, while the brush A makes one turn. These positive and negative currents are sent successively to the receiving electromagnets, and the five armatu res reproduce the positions of the combination of keys pressed down at the transmitting-station.
Construction of the distributer.-Referring, now, to Figs. 20 to 22, the double brush A, shaft B, and contacts H and G to G are easily recognizable. These contacts are fixed immovably to the base of insulating material. There are also five other fixed contacts, K to K, and five exterior contacts, I to 1", which are swept by a double brush A", by which they are connected together in successive pairs K to I, &c. The five exterior contacts are mounted on a circle of ebonite,s-, which slides in an annular groove, i By means of the tangent-screw V and of the toothed sector 8, which is fixed to the ring 8*, one may displace the five contacts 1 to 1 around their common center, (which is the shaft 13,) thereby permitting the regulation of the distributers of the two communicating stations in such manner that the brushes pass at the same moment over the cont-acts of the same order. These contacts I to l have each a groove,u, Fig. 22, in which communication with the bars 1;, which connect with the wires,is established through the medium of spring w, which assures the passage of the current, while permitting of free displacement of the contacts. The five contacts I to 1 in combination with the contacts K to K and the double brush A", serve to direct the dispatches to the receiving-instrument of the sending-station. If we now refer to the diagram, Fig. 19, we may easily understand the operation of the system. Let us suppose that the station on the left is the transmitting-station and that on the right the receiving-station. In the first the commutator hand-lever b is turned to make contact with 0. Thus the upper buttons, 6, of the springs d of the manipulator are connected to the negative pole of a battery, 1)", by the common plate, f, (referring back to Figs. 17 and 18). As for the lower buttons, 0, of the same springs, d, they are connected through the platef to the positive pole of a battery, P.
P" is a local battery, the positive pole of which is connected to the plate f' of the lower buttons of the springs d, and also to the vibrator I)" of a polarized relay, R. The contact c of this relay is connected to the plate f of the upper buttons of the springs d.
To clearly perceive the action of the system, let us suppose that the operator has pressed the keys 2, 4, and 5 in order to transmit the signals, the combination of which should form the letter M, as shown by the chart, Fig. 24. The brush of the distributer being in the position shown in the drawings and turning according to the arrow, the double brush A arrives first in contact with the contacts H and G, which correspond with the first key-spring d, whereupon the negative current from P passes by c I) f, the first spring d, the wire which goes to G, or the distributer, the contact, and the line. At the same time that the brush A touches G and H the brush A touches the contact I, which is connected to the electro-magnet E of the receiver at the sending-station, and the contact K, which is connected to the first spring (1. No circuit being thus formed, the magnet Eis not affected. At the receiving station the negative current arriving by the line passes by H, the double brush A G, the wire which goes to the first key-spring d of the manipulator, the commutator b c, the relay R, and the earth. The relay B, being polarized in such way as not to be affected by negative currents, remains immovable, and no current can reach the electro-magnet E of the receiving-station. When the double brush of the distributer at the transmitting-station passes onto the contact G, a positive current from the battery P passes by the second spring (Z, which is depressed, the wire which connects it to G the double brush A, contact H, and the line. At the same time the double brush A makes com m unication between P, which is connected with the electromagnet E of the receiver at the transmittingstation, and K, which is connected to the second key-spring d. This key being in the depressed position, a positive current from the local battery Ppasses by said spring K I and the electro-magnet E of the receiver. At the receiving-station the positive current which arrives by the line passes by H, the brush A, which has advanced synchronously, G the wire which goes to the second key-spring d, this spring, its contact 6, the plate f b c, the relay R, and the earth. The relay is acted upon by this positive current and its vibrator b touches the contact 0 Then a positive current from the local battery P at the receiving-station passes by b c", the plate f, the second spring (1 K the brush A I, and the electro-magnet E of the receiver. Then the brushes pass onto the third contacts, the third key not being depressed, the electromagnets E of the receivers are not excited. On the contrary, when the brushes pass onto the fourth and fifth contacts, the fourth and fifth keys of the manipulator at the sending-station being ICO depressed, the electro-magnets E both stations are actuated.
I will now proceed to explain how the movements of the armatures of the electromagnets E of the receivers are utilized for translating the signals into typographic signs.
TrcmsZatr.-The apparatus which translates the received signals Iinto a letter printed typographically is shown in Figs. 25 to 31. To render this description more clear, I will divide it into five parts, corresponding to the five series of organs, the functions of which may be stated thus: first, means for driving the'translator and governing its speed; second, devices for receiving from the sending station the signals of which the combination should represent a letter; third, devices which transfer this group of received signals to a second series of devices which preserve them, thereby leaving the receiving devices above mentioned free for the reception of new sigand E of nals; fourth, mechanism for automatically translating the signals, this translation having for its result to determine the particular letter resulting from the combination of the signals; fifth, finally, mechanism for'printing.
It should be observed that in the most simple installation the translator apparatus may carry the distributer. The latter is placed vertically and in the rear-that is, at the-left in Fig. 26, where the distributer is not shown, in order not to complicate the drawings. -'In this construction it'is the same motor which turns both the distributer and the translator.
The shaft Bin Figs. and 21 is in such case identical with the shaft 13 in Figs. 25 to 29.
I. Driving and synchronizing.-The translator is driven by any motor whatever, which imparts a uniform rotary movement to the shaft B, or to the gear-wheel H, whichgears with the wheel M, fixed on said shaft. Unison is maintained between the apparatus of the V two corresponding stations by means of an tard it. by this means, the motor of one of thetwo electric brake, which is composed of an electro-magnet, J, the armature of which carries a pad, 9, of cork, which, upon the excitation of the magnet, is pressed against the pe riphery of a fly-wheel which is driven by the gear-wheel H, and servesthus to re- To effect the necessary regulation translators is set to travel at a speed slightly in excess of the other. The slower one thus becomes the governingtranslator and the faster one the governed. The electric brake of the governing-translator thus becomes inactive, while that of the governed translator is used to retard the speed of the latter, and thereby to hold it back to the same speed of rotation as that of the governing translator. To this end a current is sent during a certain fraction of each revolution from the governing to the governed translator, and serves to excite the electric brake of the latter, during its passage. The duration of this current is proportioned to the advance that the faster translator has acquired over the governing 'ing mechanism.
one, so that the farther .in advance it is the longer time is the brake applied to it during each revolution,and consequently the more is it retarded. By this means it is held back to a position uniformly and very slightly in advance of that of the governing -translator. The current is sent to the electric brake-magnet during the simultaneous closure of the circuit at both the governing and governed translators by means of two contact-springs, t t, which are brought together at each revolotion by a lever, .5 actuated by a cam, s, on the shaft B, as shown in Figs. 26 and 29. This cam may be set to different positions on the shaft in order to give the proper adjustment to render the electric brake effective to keep the two apparatus in unison. The adjustment should be such that when both are in unison the springs of the governing-translator will be first closed, and upon their'being separated those of the governed translator are closed, so that no current passes; but as the governed translatorgains upon the other its springs close together before those of the governing translator are opened, thus causing a current to pass during the period of overlapping, so to speak, of the two closures.
'lI. Receiving and storing devices. -The re eeiving electro-magnets E to E are arranged in a rowin the translator, as shown in Figs. 26 and 27. It has already been explained that their armatures, after a signal has been transmitted, occupy positions corresponding to those of the respective keys of the manipulator, and that these positions are retained in order to store up the signal until it is taken off from them and transferred to the translat- It is not essential that it shall be the armatures of these magnets which shall store the signals; but this may be done by other mechanical parts. In practice I do it by a series of little levers, which I call switch-levers, and which are moved one after another by the armatures of the magnets asthe latter are successively excited. On their being thus moved the respective armatures may fallback as soon as the excitation of their magnets ceases. The electro-magnets E to F. operate the switch-levers. The latter are lettered e 6 They are elbow-levers pivoted at i and retained in their normal positions (shown in full lines in Fig. 26) by the engagement of the ends of their horizontal arms with notches in vertical springs h h". The armature a of each electro-magnet Eis pivoted to one of the poles, p", and attracted by the other pole, Ithas fixed beneath it a retractingspring, b, and above it is an arm, 0 in the form of a strip, the free end of which is turned down at a right angle. This arm, which is slightly flexible, is adjustable by means of a screw, d, by which it may be pressed down more'or less. When the armature a of a receiving-magnet, E, is attracted, the turned-down end of its arm 0 strikes the horizontal arm of the corresponding elbow-lever c and, disengaging it from the notch in spring h", makes it take the position 6 (shown in dotted lines in Fig. 26.) The stability of this second position of the switchlever is assured by means of its vertical arm striking the margin 3'' of a disk, I, which is joined solidly to the wheel M. It will now be understood that those armatures ofthe eleetromagnets E to E which have been attracted have displaced the corresponding switch-levers. The transmitted signals are thus stored and manifest themselves by the positions of the five switch-levers. I
III. Transfer ZcvzTces.In their turn the switch-levers transmit their respective positions of rest or of displacement to some horizontal rods, y to? Figs. 26 and 27. This transfer takes place under the action of the double cam N N, which is carried by the disk L in a part of its circumference, and in the following manner: hen the levers e are in the position of rest, (full lines,) the cam N N cannot touch them; but those levers which occupy the position 6 are encountered by the part N of the cam and are thrown over to the posilion 6, (shown in dotted lines,)aftcr which the part N of the cam throws them back to the position of rest. In the movement of displacement from the position 6" to the position 0 the levers have acted on the corresponding rods y in such manner that the signals produced by the five keys of the transmitter at the sending-station are now reproduced exactlyby the relatively advanced or undisturbed positions of the five rods 1 to y of the receiver.
1V. Trmzslatingmechanism.Thetranslation of the stored-up signals into a typographical letter is effected by a combiner and a series offingers, theprinciple of which has already been described with reference to Figs. 2 to 15, especially Fig. 15. The combiner consists of two peripherally-indented disks, D and D, arranged side by side, and the indentations in each being alongside of plain or projecting spaces on the other, the arrangement of indentations being shown in Fig. 31. In this figure the sectionshaded squares designate the plain or projecting portions and the white squares the indentations. Over these disks are five fingers or tllllli'dOr-lQVQIS, F to F, the lower ends of which are in contact with their peripheries. These fingers are normally all over the disk D, but may be shifted so as to come over the disk D. This shifting is accomplished by the rods 3 to f, on which the fingers are fixed and with which they move forward or backward, the rods serving also as their pivots. Each finger F to F is formed with a square head, 2, on its upper arm, so that the heads of all the fingers touch one another, even when some of the fingers are displaced over the disk D, as shown in Fig. 27. At the left is a lever, F, having a head, 2, which bears against the head 2' of the lefthand finger. This lever is pressed toward the right by a spring, but can be tilted over only in case all the fingers maybe tilted. This can happen only when all five of the fingers drop simultaneously into indentations in the com biner'disks as, if any one of the fingers is not over an indentation it alone will serve to resist the tilting of the lever F and any of the fingers that may intervene.
Now the order in which the indentations are formed in the disk D is such that in each ofthe successive positions in which this disk presents itself beneath the five fingers the plain parts of the disk upholda greater orless number of fingers, so that if all of thelatter remain over this disk atno time in the revolution can they be tilted. This will be more clear from an examination of Fig. 31. In the first position of the disk in its rotation it presents its divisions numbered 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 beneath the respective fingers F F F F" F. As No. 5 is a plain surface, it upholds the finger F. On reaching its second position the disk presents divisions Nos. 6, 5,4,3, 2 beneath the respective fingers and the plain space 5 upholds finger F". In the third position Nos. 7,6, 5, 1, 3are presented and No. 5 upholds F". In the fourth position Nos. 8,7, 6, 5,4 are presented and the plain spacesNos. Sand 5 uphold fingers Fand F, and so on during the entire revolution of the disk; hence it is evident that the tilting of the five fingers can only be rendered possible by shifting one or more of they fingers over onto the conversely-indented disk D. Thisis done through the shifting of the rods y, on which the fingers are mounted, as has already been described. It will be understood that each different combination, according to which the fingers are displaced, will enable them to drop simultaneouslyinto indentations in the disks at a different point in the rotation ofthe latter and corresponding to a different character to be printed.
Now, to enable the complete cycle ofoperations in receiving a signal to be followed, let us suppose that the operator shall have transmitted from the sending station the signals which should form the letter M. The sending-operator has, conforn'lably to the indications of the table, Fig. 24, pressed down the keys 0*, O, and 0 It results from this that positive currents have been sent to the receiving-magnets IKE", and E, Figs. 26 and 27,the switch-levers e corresponding havebeen tilted to 6*, and the rods "f y" f have been pushed forward, as well as the fingers F F F that they carry. On the other hand,we may ascertain from Fig. 31 that when the disks D D reach their twelfth position the fingers F", F, and F find bearings on the plain parts of the disk D; but as these three fingers have been shifted forward over the conversely-indented disk D they find themselves,when this twelfth position is reached, as shown by the lines 1 1 2 2 in Fig. 31, over indentations in that disk, whereupon, as neither of the five fingers is upheld, all of them are tilted under the influence of the pressure of the lever F. We shall soon see how this tilting movement of thefingers has for its result thepri nting of the char acter (in the example the letter M) on the band of paper.
'facing theconventional signal, which has spring presses against an arm, Q, which is "which is a catch-lever, m, which abuts against anarm, It, in order to hold this arm at rest against the tension of aspring, g, which tends- -lever 00, which will'release the arm R, and the latter will then be thrown to the left by'its 'deposits a thin coating of ink on the types on displacement of the arm R from right to left has been printed and the roller \V has moved iri 1H enough to carry the paper out of contact with the type-wheel; The parts remain in I will terminate the description of these or- 1 gans of translation by saying thata restoringcam, D, Figs. 26 and 29, fixed in the disk D, pushes back over the diskD the fingers which have been displaced over the disk D, thus efplayed its part. since at this moment, as we have seen, it is translated, and, as we shall now proceed to understand, it is even already printed.
Printing-Fig. 28 shows at r" the spring which acts on the lever Ffor pressing the lat ter against the heads of the fingers. This fixed on the same axis as'the lever F, and its tension may bemade greater or less by means of the regulating screw It. This arm Q, is connected by a red, I), to a lever, Q, beneath a screw, 0 and is held by a spring, 1' This lever, which turns on an axial screw, 0, is called the catch-lever, because it carries a hook, m, which catches over a steel pin, 00, on
to-turn it to the leftaround its axis 0 Itwill be understood that when the five fingers oscillate the lever Q will tilt the catchspring g. In this movement the upper end of the arm R, which is in the torm of a geartooth, comes into mesh with one of the teeth of a wheel, S,-Fig. 28, which is mounted on the shaft B. The wheel S in turning carries the'arm B with it until this arm assumes the position It", moving in its turn a restoring lever, U, to U.
It is the movement of the arm R from right to left which effects the printing. To this end the shaft B carries in front'of the wheel S a type-wheel,Y, having printi ng-types engraved in reliefon its periphery. A band of paper, P; passes between this wheel Y and an impression'rollerflv mounted on the arm It. A cylindrical inking pad, Z, previously inked,
the wheel Y. Fig. 25 shows clearly how the results in bringing the band of paper, B, into contact with the type which is passing at this instant in coincidence with the roller W, so that an impression of this type is made on the paper band. i
The combiner-disks D D and the type-wheel Y are arranged in such manner that the type which'finds itself in coincidence with the roller W corresponds to the combination formed by the indentations in D D which are at the same instant in coincidence with the fingers. When the arm B reaches the position It", the type this position until the roller V, which is carried by the wheel S, comes against the upper order during each revolution.
part of the lever U at U. By this movement this restoring-lever is brought back to U, and in so moving pushes back the arm R to where it will becaught by the catch-lever x. This movement of the arm R in the opposite direction to the movement of the wheel S is made without interruption, since the wheel has no teeth on the part of its circumference which is presented to the arm B at the time when the roller V encounters the lever U. The type Wheel Y is also devoid of type on the portion which is presented tothe roller XV during this return movement.
The movement of the arm R from right to left effects also the advance of the band of paper, as shown in Fig. 25. The band passes first through a guide, a, ascends along the arm It, passes around the guide-pin 7c", thence over the wheel WV, then between the serrated wheel Z and the compressor-roller m and finally passes out toward the left of the apparatus. Fig. 30 is a plan of thepart of the mechanism including the arm R and its rollers and the compressor-roller m. By referring to this figure and to Fig. 28 it will be seen that the positive part n of the roller l, which turns on the same axis as the arm B, is notched like a ratchet-wheel and its teeth are engaged by a propelling-pawl, q", and a retaining-pawl, g In the movement of the arm It from right to left the pawl q engages the toothed roller Z" andadva-nces the paper a few millimeters toward t1 e left. lt-will be understood that during this feeding movement the part of the band of paper which has passed the roller m and the portion to the right of the guidea are advanced from right to left, while the part which touches the type-wheel Y is not displaced with reference to this cylinder. Thus a clean impression of the type is assured. The return movement of the arm B from left to right produces a contrary effect. ing-pawl q opposes the backward movement of the roller Z,and the printing-roller W, sliding under the band of paper, comes beneath a white part of the paper a few millimeters beyond the last character printed and ready for the printing of the next succeeding character.
It should be noted that the several successive manipulations take place in a certain During the greater part of the revolution the signals are passing over the line, the receiving magnets E are accordingly excited and the switch-le' vers e are shifted, and dnring'the same portion of the revolution the combiner is translating the signal received'du ring the preceding revolution and the printing mechanism is printing it. \Vhen this portion of the revolution is completed, the parts are in this condition, viz: The switch-levers e are all set for the new signal, the fingers have oscillated and righted themselves and are waiting for the displaced ones to be restored over the disk D again, and the printing-arm R has moved to the left and is waiting to be restored. During the remaining portion of the revolution no signals are transmitted, but the line-wire is ICC The retain- Ill'O utilized for the transmission of a current to the electric brake J, and the following mechanical manipulations are performed: First, such of the fingers F to F as are standing over the disk D are restored by the cam D", so that for an instant all the fingers are over the disk D in readiness to have the new signal transferred to them. Immediately thereafter the cam N throws forward such of the switch-levers as have been displaced, and thus displaces the corresponding fingers in the image of the newlyreceived signal, and then the cam N restores all the switch-levers to their original positions ready to receive the next signal. To facilitate the movement of the fingers across from one disk D D to the other, the flange between the disks is interrupted on the inert portion thereof which is passing the fingers during this part of the revolution. During the time that these operations are taking place the printing-arm R is restored to the righthand position. Thus by my system during the time employed in translating and printing each signal the line is utilized for transmitting other signals. The division of the work between several different apparatus reduces correspondingly the work of each and renders their action very sure without requiring deli cate regulation. The succession of the operations allows of the constant use of the line, so that it is capable of considerable work.
Fig. 16 (which is lettered to correspond with Figs. 1 to 15) shows a more complicated installation. 'lhedistribntercarriesfourdouble brushes, numbered 1 2, 3 4t, 5 6, and 7 8. They sweep over contacts in rows A, B, O, D, E, G*, and G. There are five relays, R to R controlling the respective receiving-magnets E to E L is the manipulatorswitch, and J is the electric brake-magnet.
The operation is as follows: The distributers at the two stations having been set in motion and brought to accord with one another, the sending-operator sets his switch L to Ti. Thedistributorhaving reached the po sition shown, the circuit of the local battery P is first closed by brushes 1 2 through the magnet I of a metronome. Suppose the letter M is to be transmitted. The operator depresses keys O, G, and Thus the positive pole of battery T is put in communication with the contacts a a, and a, while the negative pole of battery T is in communication with contacts a and a". As the brushes 7 8 sweep over these contacts, the respective contacts send positive or negative currents over the line through contact-strip B and switch L. At the receiving-station the switch L is set to Re. The respectivepositive and negative currents pass from the switch to the spring (1 of the successive keys, and thence successively to the contacts 3 to s, which are coincidently swept by the brushes 3 4, through which the five successive currents pass into the contacts 3 a tor which conductthem tothesuccessive polarized relays It to It, after which they pass to earth. In this instance the relays It R" are traversed by negative currents and the others by positive currents. Their polarization is such that the armatures of those receiving negative currents remain in the position shown in full lines, while the armatures of these receiving positive currents are thrown over to the right, and thus close the circuits to the respective receiving-magnets E to E of the trans later. The magnets E E thus put in circuit are then traversed by a current from the local battery P. The armatures of the relays R R, and R remain thus deflected until the new revolution of the distrilmter-arm, when the brushes 5 and 6 (which travel in advance of the receivingbrnshes 3 and t) form a bridge between the long contact 0 and the con tacts r to 1" successively, thus causing a negative current from local battery P to traverse all the relays It to It in succession, which throws back to the full-line position those armatures that were before deflected. During these operations the translator turns at the same speed as the distributer, being corrected at each revolution by the electromagnetic brake, which is operated by the passing of a current through the magnet J upon the closure of the two contact-springs ff by the eam s on the translator. This current comes from the battery P, and can pass only when the contacts G and G are connected by the brushes 1 and 2 on the distributor, so that the relative position of the two instruments determines the duration of this current.
The metronome-magnet M receives a current during the entire time of the transmission of the signals, its connection being broken during that part of the revolution during which the displaced organs of the translator are being restored. It is placed in the case of the manipulator, and its function is to mark time for the operator, in order that he may know when to depress the keys and how long to hold them down. He should depress them an instant before the distributer puts the manipulator in connection with the line,and should keep them depressed as long as this connection lasts. In order to avoid the trouble of keeping them so depressed, I utililize the local current which actuates the metronome-magnet for holding down the keys. For this purpose each key is, as shown in Fig. 17, prolonged backward by an iron plate, T, which, when the key is depressed, comes in contact with the poles of the eleetro-magnet M, which acts as the metronome, and which remains excited as long a time as is necessary to send currents to the line.
Since in my system the received currents have a relatively great duration, the contacts IIO designed to distribute them may be shortened,
which effects a double advantage. The synchronic deviation does not produce false effects, and the breakings of the local circuit take place at the distributer and not at the contact of the relay-armature, which avoids sparking at this last point, where it would be more troublesome than at the distributor.
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