US3881418A - Cartridge for shotgun - Google Patents

Cartridge for shotgun Download PDF

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Publication number
US3881418A
US3881418A US418243A US41824373A US3881418A US 3881418 A US3881418 A US 3881418A US 418243 A US418243 A US 418243A US 41824373 A US41824373 A US 41824373A US 3881418 A US3881418 A US 3881418A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
shot
cartridge
iron
slit
container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US418243A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hiroshi Sato
Bunji Yoshida
Kenji Sumikawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nihon Yushi Co Ltd
NOF Corp
Original Assignee
Nippon Oil and Fats Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nippon Oil and Fats Co Ltd filed Critical Nippon Oil and Fats Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3881418A publication Critical patent/US3881418A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
    • F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
    • F42B7/08—Wads, i.e. projectile or shot carrying devices, therefor

Definitions

  • the thickness of the sidewall forming a cylinder is formed at the inside of the cylinder as to be thicker toward the bottom of a container in a manner that the inside configuration of the container is made in tapered shape, and a bottom and skirt are provided on the container.
  • a slit is longitudinally formed in the sidewall of the cylinder and another slit is cut partially around the periphery of the wall of the cylinder adjacent the upper surface of the bottom. lron shots are filled in the cylindrical container thus formed so as to fabricate a cartridge for a shotgun.
  • the cartridge thus fabricated hardly wears the barrel of the gun, causes less flare of the choke of a shotgun, and provides killing and wounding power equivalent to lead shot.
  • This invention relates to a cartridge for a shotgun, which cartridge uses iron shot.
  • iron shots are used for shotgun cartridges instead of conventional lead shots, the environmental pollution by lead and various harmful influences caused thereby, as described hereinafter, are prevented and the cost of the cartridge is reduced by utilizing iron which is less expensive than lead.
  • the animal preserve districts are gradually increased.
  • the expansion of the preserve districts introduces abnormal breeding of detrimental birds and beasts so that they damage forests, crops and cattle.
  • the expansion of the preserve districts also limits sports and hunting and also introduces chain insolvency of traders, businessmen and makers concerned with fur and its taxidermist.
  • iron shots While the use of iron shots is being studied with the object to lighten evils caused by prohibition of hunting, there has appeared in some localities a law to allow hunting in case iron shots are used. However, iron shots must overcome its own problems to be used practically, which problems are (1) how to make iron shots, (2) how to protect the gun barrel, and (3) how to control the external ballistic characteristics.
  • the barrel of the shotgun is not only worn over 10,000 times as fast when compared with the case where the lead shots are used, but the choke (portion of small diameter near the muzzle of the shotgun) for the shotgun is flared.
  • the barrel of the shotgun loses its function before the shotgun is shot I times so that it must be replaced with a new barrel with the result that the trail for putting the soft iron shots into a practical use failed.
  • the diameter of iron shots are made larger than that of the lead shots so that the weight of iron shots per projected area is made equal to that of lead shots.
  • the present invention contemplates to provide a cartridge for a shotgun which uses iron shot instead of lead shot so as to eliminate the aforementioned disadvantages.
  • the present invention is based on the following views:
  • the shot is cylindrical as a whole, but the cylinder accepts pressure so as to be compressed as a whole with the result that it tends to expand circumferentially in the amount compressed.
  • the wear of the barrel of the shotgun is affected by the force tending to expand circumferentially, by the hardness and by the surface state of the shots.
  • the force for axially compressing the cylinder of shot is at a maximum at the bottom surface which accepts the gas pressure, but the shot disposed at the crimped portion of the shotgun does not accept such compression force but accepts only the force of the product of acceleration of the respective shots and self weight.
  • the compression force of the shot axially of the cylinder is determined by the product of the number of shots and the acceleration caused by the gas pressure. In other words, the compression force is proportional to the height of the cylinder of the shot, and accordingly the compression force corresponding to the height is applied to the cylinder of the shot.
  • the iron shot is regarded as substantially rigid, the nearer the position of the circumferential force is to the lowermost of the cylinder of the shot or the nearer it is to the surface which accepts the gas pressure, the higher the axial compression force is increased, and accordingly the circumferential force becomes stronger. That is, the strongest circumferential force is acted at the lowermost portion of the cylinder of the shot so as to largely damage the barrel of the shotgun.
  • a cartridge of a shotgun which comprises a cylindrical container, the thickness of which is so formed at the inside thereof as to be thicker toward the bottom thereof in a manner that the inside configuration of the container is made in tapered shape and having a bottom and a skirt formed thereat, a slit longitudinally formed at the wall thereof for dividing the wall forming the cylinder and another slit cut on the peripheral wall of the cylinder in contact with the upper surface of the bottom partly retained at the portion contacting with the bottom of the container of the previous slit, and iron shot filled in the cylindrical container.
  • the quality of the material of the shot container of the cartridge according to the present invention must be so hard as not to easily pass the hard iron shot even when the iron shots are strongly urged so as to reach the inner wall of the barrel of the shotgun and is also sufficiently endurable for the shock force caused when the shot is discharged from the shotgun.
  • the shot container of the cartridge of the present invention is made of the same quality of material at the portion contacting with propellant as that of the other portion thereof in consideration with the simplification of the formation of the cartridge of the shotgun. Therefore, it is desired to adopt the quality of material which is not deteriorated by the components of the propellant even after long preservation,
  • the quality of material of the shot container having the aforementioned characteristics preferably includes, for example, a nonpolar linear high polymer such as polypropylene, polyethylene, etc., a polymer of isotactic structure and high density in the case of polypropylene, and a polymer of structure without side chains and of high density in the case of polyethylene.
  • the molecular weight of these polymers are preferably as large as possible in the formable range, and are preferably at least over l50,000.
  • a small amount of polybutadiene is added to polymer composition used as the material of the shot container.
  • Optimum taper and thickness of the wall of the container of the cartridge depends upon the hardness, grain size, filling amount, quality of material of the shot container and working process of the iron shots, but the taper of the container is preferably Z/lOO to 30/lOO.
  • the iron shot used in the cartridge of the present invention includes soft iron, cast iron, steel, stainless steel,
  • etc. having iron as the main component, and are of substantially spherical shape, and vary from 2 to 18.3 mm. in diameter.
  • This shot is produced by various processes for casting molten metal obtained by melting iron material by an electric furnace or cupola into spherical shape, or for forming spherical shape by centrifugal force or aggregating force, or for fabricating iron plate to form spherical shape, and these spherical shots are quenched so as to improve their properties upon requirement.
  • the iron shot of the present invention is also applied to steel shots for grinding or polishing, ball bearing spheres, balls for pachinko game in Japan, and are particularly applied preferably to the steel shots for polishing in view of its hardness.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the shot container according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the container taken along the line lI--II in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the shot container showing the body of the container expanded around the slit;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the assembling of the shot container of the present invention for explanatory purposes.
  • FIG. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the shot container filled with iron shot according to the present invention.
  • numeral 1 indicates the body of a shot container which is tapered on the inside surface in a manner that the thickness of the sidewall of the body is tapered largely toward the bottom 4 thereof.
  • a slit 2 longitudinally divides the body 1 of the shot container, and a further slit 3 divides the body of the shot container circumferentially adjacent the upper surface of the bottom 4, which slit 3 extends from the lower end of the slit 2.
  • Numeral 6 indicates a connecting portion for connecting the body 1 of the shot container to the bottom 4, and 5 is an annular skirt on the container for preventing combustion gas of the propellant from leaking therepast when the cartridge is inserted into a shotgun and is fired.
  • Numeral 7 indicates a cartridge casing, 8 is the iron shot, 9 is a propellant, and 10 is a percussion cap.
  • the shot container of this invention is different in the following points when compared with a conventional cap for lead shot.
  • the conventional shot cap is manufactured for the purpose of improving the pattern of the shots, and most of the shot caps are fabricated from polyethylene having low molecular weight and a high melt index so as to be easily fomiable, and are of thin cylindrical shape with a slit formed longitudinally along the cylindrical portion. This slit opens in flared shape when the shot cap is discharged from the shotgun, so as to separate the shot from the shot cap by means of air resistance.
  • the shot caps form a shot chamber on the cushion portion called wad.
  • the shotgun loses its function after being fired about 100 times.
  • the shot container of the present invention is oppositely tapered toward the advancing direction of the shot by itself and accordingly is gradually opened toward the advancing direction of the shots, the shots accept air resistance immediately after discharge from the shotgun so that the shots are separated from the shot container.
  • Another feature of the shot container of the present invention resides in the slits 2 and 3 formed in the shot container for further assisting in separating the shots from the shot container under any condition so that the container holds the shots sufficiently until the shots are shot from the muzzle of the shotgun.
  • These slits 2 and 3 of the shot container of the invention are different from the slit formed in a conventional shot cap which opens the wall of the shot cap in a flared shape outside and are provided with a compressed coil spring for opening the cap.
  • the shot container extends circumferentially to adhere onto the inner wall of the barrel of the shotgun even when the clearance between the inner diameter of the barrel of the shotgun and the outer diameter of the shot container is large, caused by the fact that the outer diameter of the shot container is formed smaller in consideration with the filling property of the shot container, the shot container is not damaged due to unreasonable flaring force in the circumferential direction of the shot container.
  • the shot container can easily open with the tapered wall 1 thereof. This point is greatly different from the conventional shot cap which requires several or four to eight slits for opening in a flared shape.
  • the shot container of the present invention not only uses in a manner to hold all the functions such as shot container, wad, combustion gas scaling in one unit as shown in FIG. 1, but separates the bottom 4 from the tapered cylindrical portion 1 so as to be used in combination with the conventional wad and the tapered cylindrical portion 1.
  • the specifications of the cartridge for iron shots using the shot container of the present invention are as follows: However, the numerals in of paragraph 2, entitled shooting performance" is the result of the case where the conventional lead shots are inserted into the cartridge, and the result obtained corresponding to the shooting performance of the case of iron shots.
  • a cartridge for a shotgun shell comprising a one piece cylindrical shot container having an annular sidewall which is open at one end and defines therein a shot compartment which is of converging tapered configuration as it extends inwardly from said one end, said shot container also having a base fixedly connected to the other end of said sidewall for closing said compartment, said sidewall being tapered in the longitudinal direction thereof so that the thickness thereof increases as it extends longitudinally from the one end to the other end thereof, said sidewall having a first slit formed therein and extending longitudinally thereof, said first slit extending from the one end of said sidewall to a location disposed adjacent to other end thereof, the sidewall also having a second slit formed therein and extending circumferentially thereof, said second slit communicating with said first slit at said location and being positioned at the other end of said sidewall whereby said second slit is disposed directly adjacent the inside surface of said base, said second slit extending peripherally of said sidewall throughout substantially the complete peripher
  • the iron shot is made of iron material selected from the group of soft iron, cast iron, steel and stainless steel, and the diameter of the iron shot is 2 to [8.3mm.
  • nonpolar linear high polymer is made of polyethylene without side chain.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US418243A 1972-11-24 1973-11-23 Cartridge for shotgun Expired - Lifetime US3881418A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP47117162A JPS518519B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1972-11-24 1972-11-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3881418A true US3881418A (en) 1975-05-06

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JP (1) JPS518519B2 (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2535043A1 (fr) * 1982-10-20 1984-04-27 Prevot Jean Louis Dispositif de chargement adaptable a toutes les munitions de chasse et autres
US6209180B1 (en) * 1997-03-25 2001-04-03 Teledyne Industries Non-toxic high density shot for shotshells
US20040237828A1 (en) * 2003-03-24 2004-12-02 Judah Epstein Sub-gauge shotgun hull

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3180265A (en) * 1963-03-01 1965-04-27 R & K Plastic Ind Co Shot shell wad and container
US3208382A (en) * 1963-09-03 1965-09-28 Remington Arms Co Inc Skeet load
US3262392A (en) * 1964-04-06 1966-07-26 Clarence J Becker Shot shell wad
US3662683A (en) * 1970-11-04 1972-05-16 Federal Cartridge Corp Shotgun shell wad
US3786753A (en) * 1971-08-03 1974-01-22 Remington Arms Co Inc Wad column for shotshells

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3180265A (en) * 1963-03-01 1965-04-27 R & K Plastic Ind Co Shot shell wad and container
US3208382A (en) * 1963-09-03 1965-09-28 Remington Arms Co Inc Skeet load
US3262392A (en) * 1964-04-06 1966-07-26 Clarence J Becker Shot shell wad
US3662683A (en) * 1970-11-04 1972-05-16 Federal Cartridge Corp Shotgun shell wad
US3786753A (en) * 1971-08-03 1974-01-22 Remington Arms Co Inc Wad column for shotshells

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2535043A1 (fr) * 1982-10-20 1984-04-27 Prevot Jean Louis Dispositif de chargement adaptable a toutes les munitions de chasse et autres
US6209180B1 (en) * 1997-03-25 2001-04-03 Teledyne Industries Non-toxic high density shot for shotshells
US20040237828A1 (en) * 2003-03-24 2004-12-02 Judah Epstein Sub-gauge shotgun hull

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS49132899A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1974-12-20
JPS518519B2 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1976-03-17

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