US3880581A - Process for treating fabrics and fabrics obtained therefrom - Google Patents
Process for treating fabrics and fabrics obtained therefrom Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3880581A US3880581A US423683A US42368373A US3880581A US 3880581 A US3880581 A US 3880581A US 423683 A US423683 A US 423683A US 42368373 A US42368373 A US 42368373A US 3880581 A US3880581 A US 3880581A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- flock
- fabric
- group
- component
- substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 244000144992 flock Species 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 30
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000002964 rayon Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 5
- -1 e.g. Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004908 Emulsion polymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000988 sulfur dye Substances 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid group Chemical class S(O)(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002821 Modacrylic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006397 acrylic thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JXTHNDFMNIQAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)Cl JXTHNDFMNIQAHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000050 mohair Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc iodide Chemical compound I[Zn]I UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKCLCGXPQILATA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl IKCLCGXPQILATA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAWAYYRQGQZKCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloropropionic acid Chemical compound CC(Cl)C(O)=O GAWAYYRQGQZKCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 WXNZTHHGJRFXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000663 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004354 Hydroxyethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019687 Lamb Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283903 Ovis aries Species 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000220010 Rhode Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MBHRHUJRKGNOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]methanol Chemical class NC1=NC(N)=NC(NCO)=N1 MBHRHUJRKGNOKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005822 acrylic binder Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005910 alkyl carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010936 aqueous wash Methods 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NDKBVBUGCNGSJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005215 dichloroacetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940113088 dimethylacetamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000982 direct dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- TUXJTJITXCHUEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N disperse red 11 Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(N)C(OC)=CC(N)=C3C(=O)C2=C1 TUXJTJITXCHUEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl formate Chemical compound CCOC=O WBJINCZRORDGAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920001206 natural gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001782 photodegradation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005906 polyester polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polynoxylin Chemical compound O=C.NC(N)=O ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008237 rinsing water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940073455 tetraethylammonium hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC LRGJRHZIDJQFCL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940086542 triethylamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06Q—DECORATING TEXTILES
- D06Q1/00—Decorating textiles
- D06Q1/06—Decorating textiles by local treatment of pile fabrics with chemical means
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/58—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides
- D06M11/59—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides with ammonia; with complexes of organic amines with inorganic substances
- D06M11/61—Liquid ammonia
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
- D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/26—Polymers or copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
- D06M2101/28—Acrylonitrile; Methacrylonitrile
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M2101/34—Polyamides
Definitions
- This application is a division of copending application Ser. No. 209,456, filed on Dec. 17, 1971, now US. Pat. No. 3,797,996.
- This invention pertains to the field of finishing treatments for fabrics. More particularly, this invention concerns methods for chemically affecting unusual texturi zation and color effects in three-component fabrics having a. facing component of upstanding fibers, a backing component and a water-insoluble interlayer securing the facing component to the backing component.
- a type of fabric to which such chemical shrinking techniques have not normally been applied are threecomponent fabrics.
- Such fabrics are generally composed of a facing component as hereinabove described, a base or backing component which provides the fabric with its structural strength and a water-insoluble interlayer, usually an adhesive substance, which interlayer secures the facing component to the backing component.
- a new three-component fabric comprising a facing component of upstanding fibers, a backing component; and a water-insoluble, substantially continuous interlayer disposed between the facing component and the backing component and securing the facing component to the backing component wherein either the backing component or portions thereof, the entire facing component, or both the entire facing and backing components are shrunken.
- the fabrics which are subjected to the process of the present invention comprise essentially threecomponent laminates having a top or facing component, a backing component and an interlayer component anchoring the facing component to the backing component.
- the facing component may be any type of upstanding or raised fibers, including single fibers as well as fibers in the form of loops and the like.
- Suitable materials for use as the facing component include rayon, cotton, nylon, polyesters, wool, mohair, silk, acrylics, modacrylics, and the like.
- the type of textile material used is not critical so long as it can be shrunken.
- the most well known form for the fibers in the facing component is that of a flock which comprise short fibrous or filamentry material generally less than a onefourth of an inch in length. This flock is usually deposited upon an adhesive coated base.
- the fabrics of the present invention include those having facing components which would not necessarily be within the description of flock generally known to the skilled art worker.
- the raised fibers may be looped, or longer than a conventional flock material.
- types of fabrics which are suitably within the framework of the present invention are velvet fabrics, flocked fabrics, wallcoverings, etc., carpeting or other types of three-component floor covering, etc.
- the backing component is a flexible backing and may be made of materials, e.g., polyvinyl and urethane films; woven and non-woven fabrics, and fabrics composed of cellulose-based fibers, e.g., rayon or cotton, and synthetic and natural fibers. Particularly preferred blends are those of cellulose-based fibers, wool, mohair, silk, acrylics, modacrylics, and the like.
- the backing component itself has upstanding fibers such as in the form of a nap or pulled loops.
- upstanding fibers are very short, generally having a length in the range from about /2 mm to 20 mm and most preferably about 1 mm to 2 mm, although fibers as long as 2-3 cm or longer may be used.
- Suitable materials for the interlayer component include adhesives normally used to bind fibrous material to backings. Such adhesives are generally classified as water base and solvent base adhesives.
- Water base adhesives consist of a binder, generally an emulsion polymer, and a viscosity builder. They may also contain plasticizers, thermosetting resins, curing catalysts, stabilizers and other additives well known in the art.
- the emulsion polymers generally used include acrylic, vinyl-acrylic, vinyl, urethane and styrenebutadiene latexes.
- acrylic, vinyl-acrylic, vinyl, urethane and styrenebutadiene latexes In order that the upstanding fibers be held in the desired position until the adhesive is fully cured, it is generally necessary to raise the viscosity of the latex to about 30 to 100 thousand centipoises. The viscosity is dictated by the nature of the backing and the method of contacting the upstanding fibers with the adhesive layer.
- the backing is a loose weave fabric and the beater bar method is employed
- a viscosity of from to thousand centipoises or higher will be necessary to prevent undue penetration of adhesive into the backing which would result in a boardy hand and would leave insufficient adhesive on the surface to securely bind the fibers.
- a relatively impervious backing is used, a much lower viscosity, e.g., about 20 to 30 thousand centipoises is sufficient.
- Suitable thickeners include water soluble polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyoxyethylenes, and natural gums as well as alkali swellable polymers such as highly carboxylated acrylic emulsion polymers.
- Plasticizers may be added to alter the hand of the finished goods or to improve the flow and leveling characteristics of the adhesives. Where the primary goal is the latter, fugitive plasticizers such as the phthalate esters may be employed. lf the intent is to alter the hand of the finished goods, then more permanent plasticizers such as low molecular weight polyesters may be used.
- Thermosetting resins such as methylol-melamines, urea formaldehyde condensates or phenolformaldehyde condensates may be incorporated to improve durability or abrasion resistance of the finished goods.
- Catalysts such as oxalic acid or diammonium phosphate can be used to increase the rate of cure of the adhesive.
- More specialized additives include ultra-violet absorbers where the backing, such as urethane foam, is subject to photo degradation and dyes or pigments to impart a color to the adhesive layer.
- adhesives may be chemically or mechanically foamed.
- Solvent adhesives include both fully reacted soluble polymers such as acrylic homo and copolymers, polyesters, polyamides, or polyurethanes and two package systems such as polyester polyols with diisocyanates or isocyanate prepolymers and epoxies with polyamines.
- the polymer or prepolymer is dissolved in a suitable solvent which is preferably low boiling, and then thickened to the proper viscosity in a manner similar to that used for the water base adhesives.
- Catalysts, crosslinking agents, stabilizers, pigments, or dyes may also be incorporated.
- the texturized laminate of the present invention may be prepared by first applying a shrinking agent to the desired component of the laminate.
- the shrinkage agent may be applied in the form of a paste composition by printing. Methods for formulating such pastes as well as the printing thereof are well known in the art. Thus, for example, the printing may be carried out on conventional color and dye printing machines, such as, rotary screen, silk screen, rollers, etc.
- the shrinkage agent may be applied by spraying, or dipping. Such spraying and clipping techniques are also conventional.
- shrinking agents may be used depending on the nature of the fibers comprising the component to be shrunken and the other components of the laminate.
- the shrinking agent should be a material which will not chemically attack either the interlayer or the component which is not being shrunken.
- the residue of the shrinking agent should be readily removable in a back washing step, such as, for example, a mildly alkaline back wash which would be used to remove acidic agents from a facing component made of nylon.
- shrinking agents should be avoided which would readily diffuse through the adhesive layer or cause a weakening of the securement of the facing component to the backing component.
- the shrinkage agent should be an acidic material having a dissociation constant greater than about 2 X 10*.
- Suitable acidic materials include strong mono and polybasic inorganic acids and organic acids having the formula R-COOH wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl having 1- to 5 carbon atoms or halogen substituted lower alkyl.
- acids include acrylic acid, formic acid, monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, alphachloropropionic acid, bromoacetic acid, tricluoroacetic acid, o-chlorobenzoic acid, 3, 5,-dinitrobenzoic acid, sulfonic acids, such as, p-toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, and phenols, sich as, m-cresol, and p-chlorophenol.
- the mineral acids such as, hydrochloric and sulfuric acids are also suitable providing they are utilized in a sufficiently diluted form to minimize fiber degradation.
- the shrinking agent may be an acid such as defined hereinabove as being suitable for nylon; a salt formed from cations selected from the group consisting of Zn, Ag, Ni, Co, Mn, and an anion selected from the group consisting of SCN, l Br, and Cl; disubstituted amides having the formula wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or lower alkyl carbonates, the alkyl portions of which contain 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Particularly suitable shrinking agents for polyacrylics include alpha-chloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, zinc iodide, silver iodide, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and dimethyl acetamide.
- the shrinking agent should be a basic material.
- suitable shrinking agents for cellulo'sics include inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, ammonia, strong organic bases having a dissociation constant greater than about 2 X 10*, such as benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and tetraethylammonium hydroxide, and organic amines such as, ethylamine, triethyl amine, diisopropryl amine, dibutyl amine, ethylene diamine, triethylene tetramine, and the like.
- the concentration and viscosity of the shrinking agent will vary depending on the amount of shrinkage and effects desired.
- the shrinking agent is in an aqueous solution or mixture, it is possible depending on the laminate used and the shrinking agent to use other solvents.
- the viscosity of the mixture or paste is usually varied by adding a thickening agent in a manner well known in the art.
- the preparation of such pastes are well known to the art and, of course, the rheology of the paste will depend on the thickening agent used.
- the laminate After the application of the shrinking agent to the component, the laminate is dried.
- the conditions of drying will depend not only on the reactivity and the concentration of the shrinking agent, but also on the nature of the heating mechanism and the type laminate being shrunk.
- the sodium hydroxide shrinking agent concentration is preferably in the range from about 30 percent to 50 percent and the heating is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range from about 80 to 125C.
- the preferred concentration range for sodium hydroxide when treating a cellulosic material is from about to 25 percent.
- a volatile shrinking agent When a volatile shrinking agent is used, it is generally preferable to heat the material with the shrinking agent thereon in an autoclave. Of course, if a more reactive shrinking agent is used, the drying may be carried out at a lower temperature. Thus, for example, with very reactive shrinking agents, it is possible to dry at room temperature.
- the drying operation can be carried out in a temperature range from about ambient to a temperature limited only by the degradation temperature of the components of the laminate.
- the preferable operating temperature would be in the range from about 80to 160C.
- the fabric is washed to remove any remaining or residual shrinking agent.
- the components and pH of the backwash will, of course, depend on the nature of the shrinking agent. Usually it is most desirable for economic reasons that the back washing solution be aqueous.
- an aqueous wash solution containing a relatively weak base such as, for example, sodium carbonate, trisodium phosphate, or ammonia can be used.
- a relatively weak base such as, for example, sodium carbonate, trisodium phosphate, or ammonia
- a more alkaline washing solution may be required.
- the shrinking agent is an alkaline material having a dissociation constant greater than about 2 X 10*
- an aqueous solution containing any inorganic acid with a dissociation constant greater than about 1 X 10' can be used. It is understood, of course, that the washing solution must not contain any materials which will either degrade the materials comprising the laminate or attack the adhesive interlayer.
- the shrinking agent is an organic solvent, to remove any residual shrinking agent by steaming or volatilization as by passing the laminate through ovens or over hot cans.
- the backing component may possess raised fibers in the form of a nap or loops. Usually, such raised fibers are most conveniently obtained by napping the backing fabric.
- the shrinkage treatment in this case may be carried out either by the application of chemical shrinking agents or by physical shrinking means such as for example, heat. Typical of such physical shrinkage treatments is the application of steam, or dyeing in a hot dye bath.
- a particularly desirable effect is obtained when a fabric having a backing component possessing raised fibers is subjected to a shrinkage treatment wherein the shrinking agent is applied only to the backing component in a pre-selected design pattern. That is to say, the entire backing component is not subjected to shrinkage, but only portions thereof are shrunken. Such treatment produces contrasting rippled and unrippled areas on the facing component.
- EXAMPLE 1 A fabric comprising a woven rayon backing substrate and a 1% mm. rayon flock, with the flock anchored to the backing substrate by an adhesive was completely immersed in a 20 percent solution of sodium hydroxide for 1 minute at room temperature. Without removing the excess liquid by padding, the fabric then was washed in water (50C), rinsed in a 10 percent acetic acid solution and rinsed in water again. The fabric waspadded to remove the excess water and was then dried at C.
- the modified fabric exhibited a natural skin-like appearance with the flock pointing into various directions thereby creating a random pattern on the flocked surface and a multi-tone effect.
- the multi-tone effect was enhanced by dyeing the fabric according to methods well known in the art with any type of dye or color desired.
- EXAMPLE 2 A cotton fabric flocked with a 2 mm. rayon flock was completely immersed in a mixture of liquid ammonia and methylene chloride (50:50) for 1 minute. The excess liquid was removed from the fabric by padding. The fabric was air-dried.
- the treated substrate resembled a seal-skin.
- the pile pointed into one direction and exhibited a natural sheen.
- EXAMPLE 3 A rayon substrate flocked with a /2 mm. rayon flock was completely immersed in a 10 percent solution of sodium hydroxide for 1 minute at room temperature. Without prior padding, the fabric was washed in warm water (50C.), rinsed in an 8 percent acetic acid solution and rinsed in water again. The fabric was padded to remove excess water and was then dried at 100C.
- a substrate with a natural suede-like character resulted.
- EXAMPLE 4 A fabric comprising a woven rayon backing substrate and a 1 mm. nylon flock with the flock being anchored to the backing substrate by an adhesive was immersed in a 75 percent acrylic acid/water solution for 3 minutes at room temperature. The treated substrate was rinsed with water until the pH of the rinsing water was approximately 7. Excess water was removed by padding. The fabric was dried at 90C.
- the modified substrate exhibited a refined velvet-like look.
- EXAMPLE 5 A fabric comprising a non-woven acrylic backing material and a mm. rayon flock with the flock being anchored to the backing material by an adhesive was knife-coated on the flocked side with a paste composed of 20 percent sodium hydroxide, 5 percent carboxymethyl starch, and 75 percent water. The coated fabric was dried at 100C. for 4 minutes. The fabric was washed in warm water (50C.), rinsed in a percent acetic acid solution, and rinsed again in water. Excess water was removed by padding. The fabric was dried at 100C.
- the treatment produced a suede-like substrate.
- EXAMPLE 6 A heavily napped non-woven rayon substrate comprising napped fibers of approximately 1% cm. in length was coated with an aqueous based acrylic flock binder on the napped side by means of a coating knife. The coated substrate was flocked with a rayon flock, 2 mm. in length. The fabric was cured for minutes at 145C.
- the flocked fabric then was coated on the back side with a paste composed of 40 percent sodium hydroxide, 3 percent carboxymethylated starch and 57 percent water. The paste was allowed to penetrate into the backing substrate for 5 minutes. The fabric then was dried at 140C. for 10 minutes. The fabric was washed in water of approximately 65C., rinsed in a 10 percent acetic acid solution, rinsed again in water followed by squeezing and drying of the fabric. The fabric was dyed with a sulfur dye (C.l. No. 53571) according to conventional methods.
- a sulfur dye C.l. No. 53571
- the fabric exhibited a two-tone effect and a heavily rippled and crimpled flock surface with an appearance similar to Persian lamb wool or an astrochan fur.
- EXAMPLE 7 A cotton flannel with a medium degree of napping was coated on the napped side with an aqueous based acrylic flock binder. The coated fabric was flocked with rayon flock 1 mm in length and was then cured for 10 minutes at 140C. A checkerboard pattern was printed onto the backing substrate with a paste composed of percent sodium hydroxide, 3 percent carboxymethylated starch and 77 percent water. The printed fabric was dried for 4 minutes at 140C, washed in water of 70C, rinsed in a 10 percent acetic acid solution, rinsed again in water and was then squeezed and dried. The fabric was dyed with a sulfur dye (l. C. No. -5357l) according to conventional methods.
- a sulfur dye l. C. No. -5357l
- the resulting fabric exhibited a quilt-like effect, in that the areas which did not come in contact with the shrinking agent puckered producing an overall threedimensional effect.
- the areas which were shrunk by the paste exhibited a rippled and two-toned effect.
- EXAMPLE 8 A cotton flannel was napped in preselected areas to produce a design comprising napped and un-napped areas. The fabric was then coated overall with an aqueous based acrylic flock binder on the side which was napped in preselected areas. The coated fabric was flocked with a rayon flock 1 mm in length and cured for 15 minutes at 140C.
- the flocked fabric was coated overall on the backside with a paste comprising 20 percent sodium hydroxide, 3 percent carboxy-methylated starch and 77 percent water.
- the backcoated fabric was dried for 3 minutes at 140C, washed in water having a temperature of 80C, rinsed in a 10 percent acetic acid solution and rinsed again in water. The water was removed by squeezing and the fabric was dried and dyed with a sulfur dye (C. I. No. -53571 according to standard procedures.
- a flocked fabric resulted with areas exhibiting a three-dimensional rippled and two-toned effect and with areas exhibiting a smooth, two dimensional flock surface and a one-toned effect.
- EXAMPLE 9 A woven and heavily napped polyester substrate was coated with an aqueous based acrylic flock binder on the napped side.
- the coated substrate was flocked with rayon flock 2 mm. in length.
- the fabric was cured for 15 minutes at C.
- the fabric was exposed to a temperature of C. for 7 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, the fabric was dyed at 85C. for 20 minutes in a dye bath containing a dispersed dye (Disperse Red 131) and a direct dye (C. 1. No. 22120). The fabric was washed in hot water (70C), squeezed, and dried.
- a dispersed dye Dispersed Red 131
- a direct dye C. 1. No. 22120
- the fabric exhibited a two-tone effect and a rippled flock surface resembling Persian lambs wool.
- a process for making a decorative flocked fabric comprising:
- a flock selected from the group consisting of nylon, cellulosic materials, and polyacrylic materials to the coated substrate and permanently securing the flock to the substrate by curing the binder;
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Abstract
The process for producing unusual effects in a three-component fabric having a facing component having upstanding fibers, a backing component and a water-insoluble interlayer component securing the facing component to the backing wherein the entire facing component, the entire backing component, or both the entire facing and backing components are subjected to chemically promoted shrinkage. Laminates obtained are described.
Description
United States Patent Gregorian et al.
[ Apr. 29, 1975 PROCESS FOR TREATING FABRICS AND FABRICS OBTAINED TI-IEREFROM Inventors: Razmic S. Gregorian, Aiken, SC;
I-Ians R. Hoernle, Augusta, Ga.
Assignee: United Merchants and Manufacturers, Inc., New York, NY.
Filed: Dec. 11, 1973 Appl. No.: 423,683
Related U.S. Application Data Division of Ser. No. 209,456, Dec. 17, 1971, Pat. No. 3,797,996.
U.S. Cl 8/ll4.5; 8/130.1 Int. Cl D06m 15/20 Field of Search 8/114.5, 130.1; 156/84,
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3/1938 Castles 28/1 2,239,914 4/1941 Heberlein 8/114.5 X 2,245,289 6/1941 156/84 X 2,390,386 12/1945 Radford 8/l30.1 X 3,079,212 2/1963 Fountain et al 8/114.5 3,238,595 3/1966 Schwartz et al.. 156/85 X 3,553,066 1/1971 Cavalier et al.... 156/84 X 3,622,434 11/1971 Newman 156/85 X 3,692,603 9/1972 Rhodes 156/85 Primary ExaminerLeland A. Sebastian Attorney, Agent, or Firm-John P. McGann, Esq.; Jules E. Goldberg, Esq.
[57] ABSTRACT 8 Claims, No Drawings PROCESS FOR TREATING FABRICS AND FABRICS OBTAINED THEREFROM CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a division of copending application Ser. No. 209,456, filed on Dec. 17, 1971, now US. Pat. No. 3,797,996.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention This invention pertains to the field of finishing treatments for fabrics. More particularly, this invention concerns methods for chemically affecting unusual texturi zation and color effects in three-component fabrics having a. facing component of upstanding fibers, a backing component and a water-insoluble interlayer securing the facing component to the backing component.
2. Description of the Prior Art The use of chemical shrinking agents to shrink woven and non-woven fabrics is known. Techniques for applying such shrinking agents as well as the preferred shrinking agents for various types of textiles fibers are also known. (See for example Bull. Inst. Textile France No. l02, pages 871-885 (1962).
A type of fabric to which such chemical shrinking techniques have not normally been applied are threecomponent fabrics. Such fabrics are generally composed ofa facing component as hereinabove described, a base or backing component which provides the fabric with its structural strength and a water-insoluble interlayer, usually an adhesive substance, which interlayer secures the facing component to the backing component.
Because ofthe three-component nature of such laminates, the texturization processes used heretofore have been limited generally to physical methods, such as, for example, mechanically cutting, compressing or compacting areas of the upstanding fibers of the facing component. These methods, however, tend to require complicated equipment resulting in relatively high production costs.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION We have discovered a new three-component fabric comprising a facing component of upstanding fibers, a backing component; and a water-insoluble, substantially continuous interlayer disposed between the facing component and the backing component and securing the facing component to the backing component wherein either the backing component or portions thereof, the entire facing component, or both the entire facing and backing components are shrunken.
Additionally, we have discovered that by using a napped backing component, highly unusual and desirable effects may be achieved by using both chemical and non-chemical shrinking techniques.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The fabrics which are subjected to the process of the present invention comprise essentially threecomponent laminates having a top or facing component, a backing component and an interlayer component anchoring the facing component to the backing component.
The facing component may be any type of upstanding or raised fibers, including single fibers as well as fibers in the form of loops and the like. Suitable materials for use as the facing component include rayon, cotton, nylon, polyesters, wool, mohair, silk, acrylics, modacrylics, and the like. The type of textile material used is not critical so long as it can be shrunken.
The most well known form for the fibers in the facing component is that of a flock which comprise short fibrous or filamentry material generally less than a onefourth of an inch in length. This flock is usually deposited upon an adhesive coated base. However, as noted hereinabove, the fabrics of the present invention include those having facing components which would not necessarily be within the description of flock generally known to the skilled art worker. For example, the raised fibers may be looped, or longer than a conventional flock material. Thus, types of fabrics which are suitably within the framework of the present invention are velvet fabrics, flocked fabrics, wallcoverings, etc., carpeting or other types of three-component floor covering, etc.
The production of flocked fabrics are well known to the art (see for example US. Pat. No. 3,079,212 incorporated herein by reference).
The backing component is a flexible backing and may be made of materials, e.g., polyvinyl and urethane films; woven and non-woven fabrics, and fabrics composed of cellulose-based fibers, e.g., rayon or cotton, and synthetic and natural fibers. Particularly preferred blends are those of cellulose-based fibers, wool, mohair, silk, acrylics, modacrylics, and the like.
Desirably the backing component itself has upstanding fibers such as in the form of a nap or pulled loops. Such upstanding fibers are very short, generally having a length in the range from about /2 mm to 20 mm and most preferably about 1 mm to 2 mm, although fibers as long as 2-3 cm or longer may be used.
The use of a backing component having such raised or upstanding fibers produces particularly desirable effects when the interlayer is adjacent to it, i.e., the interlayer contacts the napped side of the backing component.
Suitable materials for the interlayer component include adhesives normally used to bind fibrous material to backings. Such adhesives are generally classified as water base and solvent base adhesives.
Water base adhesives consist of a binder, generally an emulsion polymer, and a viscosity builder. They may also contain plasticizers, thermosetting resins, curing catalysts, stabilizers and other additives well known in the art.
The emulsion polymers generally used include acrylic, vinyl-acrylic, vinyl, urethane and styrenebutadiene latexes. In order that the upstanding fibers be held in the desired position until the adhesive is fully cured, it is generally necessary to raise the viscosity of the latex to about 30 to 100 thousand centipoises. The viscosity is dictated by the nature of the backing and the method of contacting the upstanding fibers with the adhesive layer. For example, where the backing is a loose weave fabric and the beater bar method is employed, a viscosity of from to thousand centipoises or higher will be necessary to prevent undue penetration of adhesive into the backing which would result in a boardy hand and would leave insufficient adhesive on the surface to securely bind the fibers. On the other hand where a relatively impervious backing is used, a much lower viscosity, e.g., about 20 to 30 thousand centipoises is sufficient.
Suitable thickeners include water soluble polymers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyoxyethylenes, and natural gums as well as alkali swellable polymers such as highly carboxylated acrylic emulsion polymers.
Plasticizers may be added to alter the hand of the finished goods or to improve the flow and leveling characteristics of the adhesives. Where the primary goal is the latter, fugitive plasticizers such as the phthalate esters may be employed. lf the intent is to alter the hand of the finished goods, then more permanent plasticizers such as low molecular weight polyesters may be used.
Thermosetting resins such as methylol-melamines, urea formaldehyde condensates or phenolformaldehyde condensates may be incorporated to improve durability or abrasion resistance of the finished goods.
Catalysts such as oxalic acid or diammonium phosphate can be used to increase the rate of cure of the adhesive.
More specialized additives include ultra-violet absorbers where the backing, such as urethane foam, is subject to photo degradation and dyes or pigments to impart a color to the adhesive layer. When a breathable film is desired, adhesives may be chemically or mechanically foamed.
Solvent adhesives include both fully reacted soluble polymers such as acrylic homo and copolymers, polyesters, polyamides, or polyurethanes and two package systems such as polyester polyols with diisocyanates or isocyanate prepolymers and epoxies with polyamines. The polymer or prepolymer is dissolved in a suitable solvent which is preferably low boiling, and then thickened to the proper viscosity in a manner similar to that used for the water base adhesives. Catalysts, crosslinking agents, stabilizers, pigments, or dyes may also be incorporated.
The texturized laminate of the present invention may be prepared by first applying a shrinking agent to the desired component of the laminate. The shrinkage agent may be applied in the form of a paste composition by printing. Methods for formulating such pastes as well as the printing thereof are well known in the art. Thus, for example, the printing may be carried out on conventional color and dye printing machines, such as, rotary screen, silk screen, rollers, etc.
Alternatively, the shrinkage agent may be applied by spraying, or dipping. Such spraying and clipping techniques are also conventional.
Many types of well known chemical shrinking agents may be used depending on the nature of the fibers comprising the component to be shrunken and the other components of the laminate. Thus, it is understood that the shrinking agent should be a material which will not chemically attack either the interlayer or the component which is not being shrunken. Moreover, in all cases, the residue of the shrinking agent should be readily removable in a back washing step, such as, for example, a mildly alkaline back wash which would be used to remove acidic agents from a facing component made of nylon.
Additionally, shrinking agents should be avoided which would readily diffuse through the adhesive layer or cause a weakening of the securement of the facing component to the backing component.
When the component to be shrunken is nylon, the shrinkage agent should be an acidic material having a dissociation constant greater than about 2 X 10*. Suitable acidic materials include strong mono and polybasic inorganic acids and organic acids having the formula R-COOH wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl having 1- to 5 carbon atoms or halogen substituted lower alkyl. Particularly suitable acids include acrylic acid, formic acid, monochloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, alphachloropropionic acid, bromoacetic acid, tricluoroacetic acid, o-chlorobenzoic acid, 3, 5,-dinitrobenzoic acid, sulfonic acids, such as, p-toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, and phenols, sich as, m-cresol, and p-chlorophenol.
The mineral acids, such as, hydrochloric and sulfuric acids are also suitable providing they are utilized in a sufficiently diluted form to minimize fiber degradation.
When the component to be shrunken is a polyacrylic material, the shrinking agent may be an acid such as defined hereinabove as being suitable for nylon; a salt formed from cations selected from the group consisting of Zn, Ag, Ni, Co, Mn, and an anion selected from the group consisting of SCN, l Br, and Cl; disubstituted amides having the formula wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or lower alkyl carbonates, the alkyl portions of which contain 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
Particularly suitable shrinking agents for polyacrylics include alpha-chloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, zinc iodide, silver iodide, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and dimethyl acetamide.
When the component to be shrunken is a cellulosic derived material, the the shrinking agent should be a basic material. Suitable shrinking agents for cellulo'sics include inorganic bases such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, ammonia, strong organic bases having a dissociation constant greater than about 2 X 10*, such as benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and tetraethylammonium hydroxide, and organic amines such as, ethylamine, triethyl amine, diisopropryl amine, dibutyl amine, ethylene diamine, triethylene tetramine, and the like.
When the shrinking agent is applied in the form of a paste the concentration and viscosity of the shrinking agent will vary depending on the amount of shrinkage and effects desired. Although generally the shrinking agent is in an aqueous solution or mixture, it is possible depending on the laminate used and the shrinking agent to use other solvents.
The viscosity of the mixture or paste is usually varied by adding a thickening agent in a manner well known in the art. The preparation of such pastes are well known to the art and, of course, the rheology of the paste will depend on the thickening agent used.
After the application of the shrinking agent to the component, the laminate is dried. The conditions of drying will depend not only on the reactivity and the concentration of the shrinking agent, but also on the nature of the heating mechanism and the type laminate being shrunk. Thus for example, when conventional laboratory ovens are used to affect shrinkage of cellulosics, the sodium hydroxide shrinking agent concentration is preferably in the range from about 30 percent to 50 percent and the heating is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range from about 80 to 125C. When high pressure steam-heated, can dryers of the conventional type normally found in textile mills are used, the preferred concentration range for sodium hydroxide when treating a cellulosic material is from about to 25 percent.
When a volatile shrinking agent is used, it is generally preferable to heat the material with the shrinking agent thereon in an autoclave. Of course, if a more reactive shrinking agent is used, the drying may be carried out at a lower temperature. Thus, for example, with very reactive shrinking agents, it is possible to dry at room temperature.
Consequently, the drying operation can be carried out in a temperature range from about ambient to a temperature limited only by the degradation temperature of the components of the laminate. Usually, the preferable operating temperature would be in the range from about 80to 160C.
After the drying step, the fabric is washed to remove any remaining or residual shrinking agent. The components and pH of the backwash, will, of course, depend on the nature of the shrinking agent. Usually it is most desirable for economic reasons that the back washing solution be aqueous.
When the shrinking agent is an acid having a dissociation constant greater than about 2 X 10*, an aqueous wash solution containing a relatively weak base such as, for example, sodium carbonate, trisodium phosphate, or ammonia can be used. When the shrinking agent is a weak acid such as phenol, a more alkaline washing solution may be required.
If the shrinking agent is an alkaline material having a dissociation constant greater than about 2 X 10*, an aqueous solution containing any inorganic acid with a dissociation constant greater than about 1 X 10' can be used. It is understood, of course, that the washing solution must not contain any materials which will either degrade the materials comprising the laminate or attack the adhesive interlayer.
It is also possible, when the shrinking agent is an organic solvent, to remove any residual shrinking agent by steaming or volatilization as by passing the laminate through ovens or over hot cans.
As noted hereinabove, the backing component may possess raised fibers in the form of a nap or loops. Usually, such raised fibers are most conveniently obtained by napping the backing fabric.
We have further discovered that when a fabric having a backing possessing raised fibers or nap as described hereinabove is used, and both the facing and the backing components are shrunken by either chemical or physical means, a highly unusual rippled effect is produced in the facing component. As noted, the shrinkage treatment in this case may be carried out either by the application of chemical shrinking agents or by physical shrinking means such as for example, heat. Typical of such physical shrinkage treatments is the application of steam, or dyeing in a hot dye bath.
If, however, the backing does not possess such raised fibers, an overall densification effect is produced in the facing component simulating a suede fabric.
Similarly, other unusual effects may be obtained by using a fabric having a backing possessing raised fibers and either shrinking only the backing component or the facing component.
A particularly desirable effect is obtained when a fabric having a backing component possessing raised fibers is subjected to a shrinkage treatment wherein the shrinking agent is applied only to the backing component in a pre-selected design pattern. That is to say, the entire backing component is not subjected to shrinkage, but only portions thereof are shrunken. Such treatment produces contrasting rippled and unrippled areas on the facing component.
In addition to the difference in sculptured effect obtained on the facing of the fabric by virtue of the foregoing processes, multi'shade effects are also obtained as a result of the variation in densification of the raised fibers of the facing component.
The following examples illustrate our invention: (In the Examples, the adhesive used was an aqueous based acrylic binder unless otherwise noted).
EXAMPLE 1 A fabric comprising a woven rayon backing substrate and a 1% mm. rayon flock, with the flock anchored to the backing substrate by an adhesive was completely immersed in a 20 percent solution of sodium hydroxide for 1 minute at room temperature. Without removing the excess liquid by padding, the fabric then was washed in water (50C), rinsed in a 10 percent acetic acid solution and rinsed in water again. The fabric waspadded to remove the excess water and was then dried at C.
The modified fabric exhibited a natural skin-like appearance with the flock pointing into various directions thereby creating a random pattern on the flocked surface and a multi-tone effect. The multi-tone effect was enhanced by dyeing the fabric according to methods well known in the art with any type of dye or color desired.
EXAMPLE 2 A cotton fabric flocked with a 2 mm. rayon flock was completely immersed in a mixture of liquid ammonia and methylene chloride (50:50) for 1 minute. The excess liquid was removed from the fabric by padding. The fabric was air-dried.
The treated substrate resembled a seal-skin. The pile pointed into one direction and exhibited a natural sheen.
EXAMPLE 3 A rayon substrate flocked with a /2 mm. rayon flock was completely immersed in a 10 percent solution of sodium hydroxide for 1 minute at room temperature. Without prior padding, the fabric was washed in warm water (50C.), rinsed in an 8 percent acetic acid solution and rinsed in water again. The fabric was padded to remove excess water and was then dried at 100C.
A substrate with a natural suede-like character resulted.
EXAMPLE 4 A fabric comprising a woven rayon backing substrate and a 1 mm. nylon flock with the flock being anchored to the backing substrate by an adhesive was immersed in a 75 percent acrylic acid/water solution for 3 minutes at room temperature. The treated substrate was rinsed with water until the pH of the rinsing water was approximately 7. Excess water was removed by padding. The fabric was dried at 90C.
The modified substrate exhibited a refined velvet-like look.
EXAMPLE 5 A fabric comprising a non-woven acrylic backing material and a mm. rayon flock with the flock being anchored to the backing material by an adhesive was knife-coated on the flocked side with a paste composed of 20 percent sodium hydroxide, 5 percent carboxymethyl starch, and 75 percent water. The coated fabric was dried at 100C. for 4 minutes. The fabric was washed in warm water (50C.), rinsed in a percent acetic acid solution, and rinsed again in water. Excess water was removed by padding. The fabric was dried at 100C.
The treatment produced a suede-like substrate.
EXAMPLE 6 A heavily napped non-woven rayon substrate comprising napped fibers of approximately 1% cm. in length was coated with an aqueous based acrylic flock binder on the napped side by means of a coating knife. The coated substrate was flocked with a rayon flock, 2 mm. in length. The fabric was cured for minutes at 145C.
The flocked fabric then was coated on the back side with a paste composed of 40 percent sodium hydroxide, 3 percent carboxymethylated starch and 57 percent water. The paste was allowed to penetrate into the backing substrate for 5 minutes. The fabric then was dried at 140C. for 10 minutes. The fabric was washed in water of approximately 65C., rinsed in a 10 percent acetic acid solution, rinsed again in water followed by squeezing and drying of the fabric. The fabric was dyed with a sulfur dye (C.l. No. 53571) according to conventional methods.
The fabric exhibited a two-tone effect and a heavily rippled and crimpled flock surface with an appearance similar to Persian lamb wool or an astrochan fur.
EXAMPLE 7 A cotton flannel with a medium degree of napping was coated on the napped side with an aqueous based acrylic flock binder. The coated fabric was flocked with rayon flock 1 mm in length and was then cured for 10 minutes at 140C. A checkerboard pattern was printed onto the backing substrate with a paste composed of percent sodium hydroxide, 3 percent carboxymethylated starch and 77 percent water. The printed fabric was dried for 4 minutes at 140C, washed in water of 70C, rinsed in a 10 percent acetic acid solution, rinsed again in water and was then squeezed and dried. The fabric was dyed with a sulfur dye (l. C. No. -5357l) according to conventional methods.
The resulting fabric exhibited a quilt-like effect, in that the areas which did not come in contact with the shrinking agent puckered producing an overall threedimensional effect. In addition, the areas which were shrunk by the paste exhibited a rippled and two-toned effect.
EXAMPLE 8 A cotton flannel was napped in preselected areas to produce a design comprising napped and un-napped areas. The fabric was then coated overall with an aqueous based acrylic flock binder on the side which was napped in preselected areas. The coated fabric was flocked with a rayon flock 1 mm in length and cured for 15 minutes at 140C.
The flocked fabric was coated overall on the backside with a paste comprising 20 percent sodium hydroxide, 3 percent carboxy-methylated starch and 77 percent water. The backcoated fabric was dried for 3 minutes at 140C, washed in water having a temperature of 80C, rinsed in a 10 percent acetic acid solution and rinsed again in water. The water was removed by squeezing and the fabric was dried and dyed with a sulfur dye (C. I. No. -53571 according to standard procedures.
A flocked fabric resulted with areas exhibiting a three-dimensional rippled and two-toned effect and with areas exhibiting a smooth, two dimensional flock surface and a one-toned effect.
EXAMPLE 9 A woven and heavily napped polyester substrate was coated with an aqueous based acrylic flock binder on the napped side. The coated substrate was flocked with rayon flock 2 mm. in length. The fabric was cured for 15 minutes at C.
The fabric was exposed to a temperature of C. for 7 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, the fabric was dyed at 85C. for 20 minutes in a dye bath containing a dispersed dye (Disperse Red 131) and a direct dye (C. 1. No. 22120). The fabric was washed in hot water (70C), squeezed, and dried.
The fabric exhibited a two-tone effect and a rippled flock surface resembling Persian lambs wool.
Variations can, of course, be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Having thus described our invention what we desire to secure and claim by Letters Patent is:
1. A process for making a decorative flocked fabric comprising:
a. coating a substrate with a flock adhesive binder wherein said substrate is a napped fabric composed of textile materials selected from the group consisting of nylon, cellulosic materials and polyacrylic materials, wherein the binder is applied to the napped side;
b. applying a flock selected from the group consisting of nylon, cellulosic materials, and polyacrylic materials to the coated substrate and permanently securing the flock to the substrate by curing the binder;
c. applying a chemical shrinkage agent directly onto the flock;
d. drying the fabric; and
e. washing the fabric.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the chemical shrinkage agent is applied to selected portions of the flock.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the flock is nylon and the shrinking agent is an acid having a dissociation constant greater than about 2 X 10 and is selected.
from the group consisting of strong mono and polybasic inorganic acids; organic acids having the formula R-' COOH wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, halogen substituted lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a nucleus of the phenyl series; sulfonic acids; and phenols.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the flock is a cellulosic material and the shrinking agent is a base selected from the group consisting of alkali hydroxides, alkaline earth hydroxides, ammonia, and organic bases having a dissociation constant greater than about 2 X 5. The process of claim 1 wherein the flock is polyacrylic and the shrinking agent is an acid having a dissocation constant greater than about 2 X 10' and is selected from the group consisting of strong mono and polybasic inorganic acids; organic acids having the formula R-COOl-l wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, halogen substituted lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or a nucleus of the phenyl series; sulfonic acids, phenols; a salt formed from cations selected from the group consisting of Zn, Ag", Ni, Co, Mn and an anion selected from the group consisting of SCN, l, Br, and Cl; a
disubstituted amide having the formula the process of claim 1.
Claims (8)
1. A PROCESS FOR MAKING A DECORATIVE FLOCKED FABRIC COMPRISING: A. COATING A SUBSTRATE WITH A FLOCK ADHESIVE BINDER WHEREIN SAID SUBSTRATE IS A NAPPED FABRIC COMPOSED OF TEXTILE MATERIALS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF NYLON, CELLULOSIC MATERIALS AND POLYACRYLIC MATERIALS, WHEREIN THE BINDER IS APPLIED TO THE NAPPED SIDE; B. APPLYING A FLOCK SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF NYLON, CELLULOSIC MATERIALS, AND POLYACRYLIC MATERIALS TO THE COATED SUBSTRATE AND PERMANENTLY SECURING THE FLOCK TO THE SUBSTRATE BY CURING THE BINDER; C. APPLYING A CHEMICAL SHRINKAGE AGENT DIRECTLY ONTO THE FLOCK; D. DRYING THE FABRIC; AND E. WASHING THE FABRIC.
2. The process of claim 1 wherein the chemical shrinkage agent is applied to selected portions of the flock.
3. The process of claim 1 wherein the flock is nylon and the shrinking agent is an acid having a dissociation constant greater than about 2 X 10 5 and is selected from the group consisting of strong mono and polybasic inorganic acids; organic acids having the formula R-COOH wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, halogen substituted lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a nucleus of the phenyl series; sulfonic acids; and phenols.
4. The process of claim 1 wherein the flock is a cellulosic material and the shrinking agent is a base selected from the group consisting of alkali hydroxides, alkaline earth hydroxides, ammonia, and organic bases having a dissociation constant greater than about 2 X 10 5.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the flock is polyacrylic and the shrinking agent is an acid having a dissocation constant greater than about 2 X 10 5 and is selected from the group consisting of strong mono and polybasic inOrganic acids; organic acids having the formula R-COOH wherein R is hydrogen, lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, halogen substituted lower alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; or a nucleus of the phenyl series; sulfonic acids, phenols; a salt formed from cations selected from the group consisting of Zn , Ag , Ni , Co , Mn and an anion selected from the group consisting of SCN , I , Br , and Cl ; a disubstituted amide having the formula
6. The process of claim 1 wherein the substrate is a flexible napped fabric selected from the group consisting of woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, polyvinyl films and urethane films.
7. The process of claim 1 wherein said substrate possesses napped and unnapped areas.
8. The decoratively modified fabric obtained from the process of claim 1.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00209456A US3797996A (en) | 1971-12-17 | 1971-12-17 | Process for treating fabrics and fabrics obtained therefrom |
US42368173 US3901649A (en) | 1971-12-17 | 1973-12-11 | Process for treating fabrics and three-component fabrics obtained therefrom |
US423683A US3880581A (en) | 1971-12-17 | 1973-12-11 | Process for treating fabrics and fabrics obtained therefrom |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US20945671A | 1971-12-17 | 1971-12-17 | |
US423683A US3880581A (en) | 1971-12-17 | 1973-12-11 | Process for treating fabrics and fabrics obtained therefrom |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US3880581A true US3880581A (en) | 1975-04-29 |
Family
ID=26904194
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US00209456A Expired - Lifetime US3797996A (en) | 1971-12-17 | 1971-12-17 | Process for treating fabrics and fabrics obtained therefrom |
US423683A Expired - Lifetime US3880581A (en) | 1971-12-17 | 1973-12-11 | Process for treating fabrics and fabrics obtained therefrom |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US00209456A Expired - Lifetime US3797996A (en) | 1971-12-17 | 1971-12-17 | Process for treating fabrics and fabrics obtained therefrom |
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US (2) | US3797996A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4112560A (en) * | 1976-12-15 | 1978-09-12 | Milliken Research Corporation | Method for sculpturing pile fabrics |
US4353706A (en) * | 1980-04-17 | 1982-10-12 | Milliken Research Corporation | Process for producing sculptured pile fabric |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4500319A (en) * | 1979-02-26 | 1985-02-19 | Congoleum Corporation | Textured pile fabrics |
US4340381A (en) * | 1975-09-24 | 1982-07-20 | Congoleum Corporation | Textured pile fabrics |
US4290766A (en) * | 1980-09-22 | 1981-09-22 | Milliken Research Corporation | Chemically sculpturing acrylic fabrics and process for preparing same |
US5290607A (en) * | 1992-03-02 | 1994-03-01 | Chitouras Costa G | Method and system for significantly increasing the density of particulates on a substrate |
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US2110866A (en) * | 1936-08-21 | 1938-03-15 | Collins & Aikman Corp | Pile fabric and its method of manufacture |
US2239914A (en) * | 1939-04-15 | 1941-04-29 | Heberlein Patent Corp | Flocked pattern effects in cellulosic fabrics and the production thereof |
US2245289A (en) * | 1938-01-05 | 1941-06-10 | Cilander Ag | Production of embossed effects on parchmentized fabrics |
US2390386A (en) * | 1943-06-29 | 1945-12-04 | Nashua Mfg Company | Napped fabric and method |
US3079212A (en) * | 1958-05-26 | 1963-02-26 | United Merchants & Mfg | Puckering and decorating fabrics or the like |
US3238595A (en) * | 1961-11-15 | 1966-03-08 | Patchogue Plymouth Company | Method of producing tufted carpets |
US3553066A (en) * | 1967-09-05 | 1971-01-05 | Burlington Industries Inc | Filled cushion matelasse fabric and method |
US3622434A (en) * | 1970-06-03 | 1971-11-23 | Kendall & Co | Creped fiber-film combination and process therefor |
US3692603A (en) * | 1971-01-08 | 1972-09-19 | Celanese Corp | Method of manufacturing quilted fabric material |
-
1971
- 1971-12-17 US US00209456A patent/US3797996A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1973
- 1973-12-11 US US423683A patent/US3880581A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2110866A (en) * | 1936-08-21 | 1938-03-15 | Collins & Aikman Corp | Pile fabric and its method of manufacture |
US2245289A (en) * | 1938-01-05 | 1941-06-10 | Cilander Ag | Production of embossed effects on parchmentized fabrics |
US2239914A (en) * | 1939-04-15 | 1941-04-29 | Heberlein Patent Corp | Flocked pattern effects in cellulosic fabrics and the production thereof |
US2390386A (en) * | 1943-06-29 | 1945-12-04 | Nashua Mfg Company | Napped fabric and method |
US3079212A (en) * | 1958-05-26 | 1963-02-26 | United Merchants & Mfg | Puckering and decorating fabrics or the like |
US3238595A (en) * | 1961-11-15 | 1966-03-08 | Patchogue Plymouth Company | Method of producing tufted carpets |
US3553066A (en) * | 1967-09-05 | 1971-01-05 | Burlington Industries Inc | Filled cushion matelasse fabric and method |
US3622434A (en) * | 1970-06-03 | 1971-11-23 | Kendall & Co | Creped fiber-film combination and process therefor |
US3692603A (en) * | 1971-01-08 | 1972-09-19 | Celanese Corp | Method of manufacturing quilted fabric material |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4112560A (en) * | 1976-12-15 | 1978-09-12 | Milliken Research Corporation | Method for sculpturing pile fabrics |
US4353706A (en) * | 1980-04-17 | 1982-10-12 | Milliken Research Corporation | Process for producing sculptured pile fabric |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US3797996A (en) | 1974-03-19 |
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