US3880411A - Device for treatment of molten cast iron in vessels - Google Patents

Device for treatment of molten cast iron in vessels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3880411A
US3880411A US391252A US39125273A US3880411A US 3880411 A US3880411 A US 3880411A US 391252 A US391252 A US 391252A US 39125273 A US39125273 A US 39125273A US 3880411 A US3880411 A US 3880411A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cast iron
evaporator
magnesium
tuyere
treatment
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US391252A
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English (en)
Inventor
Natalya Alexandrovna Voronova
Anatoly Filippovich Shevchenko
Isaak Moiseevich Lafer
Boris Vulfovich Dvoskin
Moris Leonidovich Lavrentiev
Nikolai Petrovich Ostapchuk
Evgeny Alexandrovich Kostitsyn
Ivan Yakovlevich Emelyanov
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority to BE130023A priority Critical patent/BE798224A/xx
Priority to FR7314868A priority patent/FR2227326B1/fr
Priority to DE19732321495 priority patent/DE2321495C3/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US391252A priority patent/US3880411A/en
Priority to SE7405228A priority patent/SE381283B/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3880411A publication Critical patent/US3880411A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/02—Dephosphorising or desulfurising

Definitions

  • the tuyere is made in the form of a metal pipe with a flaring-out nozzle which is provided with side holes, serves as an evaporator and is covered with refractory lining, the relation of the tuyere evaporator inside diameter in the section passing through the upper edge of the side holes to the evaporator height from the upper edge of the side holes to the point where the tuyere pipe opens into the evaporator being from 0.3 to 0.8.
  • the present invention relates to a device for the treatment of molten cast iron and more specifically it relates to desulphurization, refining and inoculation of molten cast iron.
  • a low concentration of magnesium in the air leads to heavy losses of magnesium due to its oxidation by the oxygen contained in the air.
  • the nonuniformity of magnesium delivery into cast iron causes it to splash out of the vessel and clogging of the tuyere pipe at the point where it opens into the evaporator.
  • An object of the invention lies in providing a device for treatment of molten cast iron in vessels wherein the entire amount of cast iron in the vessel would be mixed intensively with magnesium vapours.
  • Another object of the invention lies in providing a device for treatment of molten cast iron with magnesium vapours in which the cast iron would not be splashed out of the vessel and which would ensure a high degree of magnesium assimilation by the cast iron.
  • a device for treatment of molten cast iron in vessels wherein powdered magnesium is injected in a stream of carrier gas into molten metal through a tuyere with an evaporator.
  • the rate of magnesium delivery is from 2 to 4.5 g/s-t.
  • the concentration of magnesium in the carrier gas should be from 5 to kg/m.
  • a device for the realization of the method comprising a feeder which supplies magnesium for the treatment of cast iron, a tuyere in the form of a pipe with a flaring-out nozzle which functions as an evaporator and has side holes for the escape of the magnesium vapours into molten cast iron, pipelines interconnecting the evaporator and tuyere with the source of compressed carrier gas which conveys magnesium into molten cast iron.
  • this device renders it possible to disperse the magnesium vapours leaving the evaporator throughout the volume of the cast iron being treated which calms down the process of treatment (reducing the splashing out of metal from the vessel) and raises the degree of magnesium assimlation by the molten metal.
  • the gas cushion formed in the evaporator by the vapours of magnesium and carrier gas protects the outlet opening of tuyere pipe against contact with the molten metal which reduces the danger of this opening being clogged in the course of treatment.
  • An object of the invention resides in eliminating the aforesaid disadvantages.
  • a device comprising a magnesium feeder, a tuyere in the form ofa pipe with a flaring-out nozzle which functions as an evaporator and has side holes for the escape of magnesium vapours into molten cast iron, pipelines interconnecting the feeder and the tuyere with a source of compressed carrier gas which conveys magnesium into molten cast iron.
  • the relation of the inside diameter of the tuyere evaporator in the section passing through the upper edges of the side holes to the evaporator height from the edge of the side holes to the point where the tuyere pipe opens into the evaporator is from 0.3 to 0.8.
  • the surface of molten metal is located at such a distance from the point where the tuyere pipe opens into the evaporator which rules out the clogging of the pipe with splashes of molten metal.
  • the diameter of the evaporator ensures a sifficiently large volume of the latter, i.e., the volume of the space where magnesium is evaporated and where it vapours are accumulated in a quantity ensuring their uniform delivery into the molten metal through the side holes of the evaporator, without pulsations and bursts.
  • the relation of the tuyere evaporator inside diameter in the section passing through the upper edge of the side holes to the inside dimeter of the tuyere pipe should be from 10 to 25.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device for the realization of the method of treatment of molten cast iron in vessels according to the invention:
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are other designs of the evaporator in the tuyere of the device according to the invention.
  • the device for the realization of the method of treatment of molten cast iron comprises a feeder 1 (FIG. 1) in the form of a metal pressure vessel from which magnesium is delivered into cast iron; a tuyere 2 in the form of a hollow metal pipe 4 (FIGS. 2 and 3) provided on the outside with refractory lining 3, having a flaring-out nozzle 5 (FIG. 2) and 5a (FIG. 3) with side holes 6 (FIG. 2) or 7 (FIG.
  • said nozzle functioning as an evaporator; said tuyere is inserted into molten cast iron 9 contained in a ladle 8 for the time of magnesium injection the relation of the inside diameter D of the evaporator 5 or 50 at the section passing through the upper edge of the side holes 6 or 7 to the height H of the evaporator 5 or 5a from the upper edge of the side holes 6 or 7 to the point where the pipe 4 opens into the evaporator 5 or 5a being from 0.3 to 0.8; pipelines I0.
  • a pipeline 10 connected to the source of compressed carrier gas and intended to supply gas into the pipelines l1 and 12, the pipeline 11 being connected to the evaporator l for filling it with the carrier gas required for conveying magnesium into the pipeline 12, while the pipeline 12 is connected directly to the tuyere 2 and is intended for delivering magnesium together with the carrier gas into the tuyere, the section of the pipeline 11 adjoining the feeder 1 and the section of the pipeline 12 adjoining the tuyere 2 being made of a flexible hose; a batchmeter 13 installed in the lower part of the feeder 1 and intended to ensure an accurately metered supply of magnesium from the feeder 1 into the pipeline 12 (the batchmeter may be of a cell, screw or air type, or of any other type capable of changing the rate of magnesium supply into the molten cast iron in the process of its treatment).
  • a valve 14 is intended to cut off the entire device from the source of carrier gas; a valve 15 cuts off the feeder 1 from the source of carrier gas on completion of treatment, when loading magnesium into the feeder, etc., and controls the gas pressure in the feeder in the course of operation; a valve 16 cuts off the tuyere 2 from the source of carrier gas on completion of treatment and after withdrawing the tuyere 2 from metal 9; a valve 17 is intended for letting out the gas from the evaporator on completion of cast iron treatment and while loading magnesium into the feeder 1.
  • Pressure regulators l8 and 19 maintain the preset pressure of carrier gas in the pipelines 11 and 12 in the course of operation.
  • a flowmeter 23 mounted on the pipeline l0 measures the consumption of carrier gas required for the treatment of cast iron.
  • the carrier gas can be either compressed air, nitrogen, or any other inert gas, e.g. argon.
  • the carrier gas can be drawn from an industrial compressed air system of from such individual sources as compressors, bottles, etc.
  • the device for the realization of the method of treatment of cast iron in vessels by injecting powdered magnesium in a stream of a carrier gas, according to the invention, on a special trestle under which the cast iron is treated, and to locate the trestle on the route by which the cast iron is conveyed from the point of melting to the point of its utilization, e.g. between the blast-furnace plant and the steel foundry or between the blast furnace plant and the pigcasting machine.
  • the device operates as follows.
  • the feeder 1 is loaded through pipe 25 (FIG. 1) with powdered magnesium by any conventional method (by pouring, by pneumatic conveyance, etc.).
  • the carrier gas is delivered from the source (not shown) through the pipelines l0 and 11 into the feeder 1 while the pipeline l2 delivers the carrier gas into the tuyere 2. Meanwhile, the valves 14, 15 and 16 are open and the valve 17 is closed.
  • the tuyere 2 is immersed into the vessel 8 with molten cast iron 9 sufficiently deep to ensure that the open end of the evaporator is quite close to the vessel bottom.
  • the pressure of gas in the feeder l which depends on how deep the tuyere has been immersed into molten cast iron should be somewhat higher that the ferrostatic pressure of molten metal at the tuyere immersion depth.
  • the batchmeter l3 After immersing the tuyere 2 into molten cast iron to the preset depth the batchmeter l3 admits magnesium from the feeder 1 into the pipeline 12 where the particles of magnesium are entrained by the stream of the carrier gas and delivered in the form of a gaspowder mixture through the pipe 4 of the tuyere 2 on to the surface of molten cast iron located in the lower part of space A of the evaporator 5 or 5a (FIGS. 2, 3).
  • the magnesium melts and evaporates, its vapours are injected together with the carrier gas through the evaporator side holes 6 (FIG. 2) or 7 (FIG. 3) into the cast iron being treated where they interact with the components of the molten metal (sulphur, oxygen).
  • Bubbles of magnesium and carrier gas vapours rising to the surface of the cast iron mix the latter which is conducive to better assimilation by the cast iron of magnesium and to cleaning of the molten metal of gases, nonmetallic inclusions and graphite.
  • the rate of magnesium delivery can be changed by the batchmeter 13. If the process is sluggish (poor mixing of cast iron in the vessel) the magnesium delivery should be increased 5 and conversely, if the process 'of treatment is too violent, with metal splashing out of the vessel, the delivery of magnesium is decreased until splashing ceases.
  • the preset pressure in the feeder l in the course of treatment can be maintained by the valve 15.
  • the duration of treatment of cast iron with magnesium depends on the amount of metal in the vessel, the required quantity of magnesium per 1 ton of cast iron and the rate of magnesium delivery into the molten cast iron.
  • the cast iron has been treated with granulated magnesium injected into the metal in a stream of compressed air, the treatment being preformed directly in molten cast iron transfer ladles which carry the cast iron from the blast furnace to the point of treatment.
  • Magnesium has been introduced into the cast iron through a tuyere with an evaporator in which the relation ofits inside diameter in the section passing through the upper edge of the holes to its height from the upper edge of the holes to the point where the tuyere pipe opens into the evaporator has been 0.5.
  • Cast iron has been treated with a view to achieve deep desulphurization (to a sulphur content not over 0.005 percent) and produce high-quality pig iron.
  • the initial sulphur content in pigs before treatment has been 0.045 percent; oxygen content 0.011 percent.
  • the cast iron has been treated under the conditions stipulated in the present invention: rate of magnesium delivery into cast iron 2.5 g/s-t, concentration of magnesium in air 6.0 kg/m.
  • the consumption of magnesium per 1 t of cast iron has been 0.7 kg and the duration of treatment, 4.6 min.
  • Cast iron has been treated under the conditions other than stipulated in the invention: rate of magnesium delivery into cast iron 1.2 g/s-t, concentration of magnesium in air 4.0 kg/m.
  • the rated capacity of the ladle and the weight of metal in the ladle have been the same as in Example 1.
  • the initial sulphur content in cast iron before treatment has been 0.040 percent, oxygen content 0.010 percent, amount of cast iron in the ladle 60 t (rated ladle capacity t).
  • rate of magnesium delivery into cast iron has been 40 g/s-t, concentration of magnesium in the air delivered into the cast iron, 17.0 kg/m.
  • the consumption of maagnesium has been 1.70 kg per 1 t of cast iron, the duration of treatment being 8.5 min.
  • the ladle with cast iron After inoculation, the ladle with cast iron has been transferred into the iron foundry for casting ingot moulds.
  • Example 2 proves that non-observance of the treatment conditions according to the invention impairs the results obtained, viz., deep desulphurization is not achieved and the degree of magnesium assimilation is sharply reduced.
  • the method according to the invention renders it possible to treat large amounts of molten foundry iron with magnesium in metal lurgical industry since said method fits easily into the production process of metallurgical plants, is highly efficient and controllable, and is distinguished for simplicity and productivity.
  • a device for treatment of molten cast iron with magnesium in vessels comprising: a feeder in the form of a pressure vessel which supplies magnesium for the treatment of cast iron; a tuyere in the form of a pipe connected with said feeder. having a flaring-out nozzle at one end acting like an evaporator and provided with side holes, said end of the tuyere with the evaporator being immersed into the molten cast iron for the supply of magnesium; the relation of the inside diameter of said evaporator in the section passing through the upper edge of the side holes to the height of said evaporator from the upper edge of said side holes to the point where the hole of the tuyere pipe opens into the evaporator is from 0.3 to 0.8; a pipeline connecting said tuyere with a source of compressed gas and with said evaporator; a pipeline connecting said feeder with a source of compressed gas whose pressure delivers magnesium from the feeder into said pipeline which connects said tuyere with the source of compressed gas, the magnesium being ent

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
US391252A 1973-08-24 1973-08-24 Device for treatment of molten cast iron in vessels Expired - Lifetime US3880411A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE130023A BE798224A (fr) 1973-08-24 1973-04-13 Procede de traitement de la fonte liquide par le magnesium dans des capacites et dispositif pour le realiser
FR7314868A FR2227326B1 (nl) 1973-08-24 1973-04-24
DE19732321495 DE2321495C3 (de) 1973-04-27 Verfahren zur Behandlung von flüssigem Roheisen durch Magnesium in Behältern und Einrichtung zum Durchführen dieses Verfahrens
US391252A US3880411A (en) 1973-08-24 1973-08-24 Device for treatment of molten cast iron in vessels
SE7405228A SE381283B (sv) 1973-08-24 1974-04-18 Sett att behandla smelt gjutjern med magnesium och anordning for utforande av settet

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US391252A US3880411A (en) 1973-08-24 1973-08-24 Device for treatment of molten cast iron in vessels

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US3880411A true US3880411A (en) 1975-04-29

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US391252A Expired - Lifetime US3880411A (en) 1973-08-24 1973-08-24 Device for treatment of molten cast iron in vessels

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US (1) US3880411A (nl)
BE (1) BE798224A (nl)
FR (1) FR2227326B1 (nl)
SE (1) SE381283B (nl)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4341553A (en) * 1979-08-09 1982-07-27 Gesellschaft Fur Huttenwerksanlagen Mbh Method of, and cupola furnace for, the introduction of treatment agents into cupola iron melts
US4705664A (en) * 1986-10-29 1987-11-10 Harbiuger Labs, Inc. Radiant heat vaporizing injector
WO1989004378A1 (en) * 1987-11-10 1989-05-18 Haigh Richard N Radiant heat vaporizing method and apparatus
WO1995027801A1 (en) * 1994-04-07 1995-10-19 Ettore Bennati Vaporisation bell for metallurgical treatment in molten baths
US5491279A (en) * 1993-04-02 1996-02-13 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Method for top-charging solid waste into a molten metal bath
WO1996021046A1 (en) * 1995-01-05 1996-07-11 Ettore Bennati Method and equipment for treatment in molten cast iron baths with reaction materials having a low or high production of gas
WO2008023863A1 (en) 2006-08-23 2008-02-28 Posco A ferro-alloy inserting apparatus with reduced absorption of oxygen and absorption of nitrogen and inserting method thereof

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2558263C3 (de) * 1974-12-31 1979-04-12 Institut Tschernoj Metallurgii, Dnepropetrowsk (Sowjetunion) Verfahren zur Behandlung von flüssigem Roheisen durch Magnesium
JPS52107218A (en) * 1976-03-05 1977-09-08 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Desulfurization of molten pig iron outside furnace
DE2822791C2 (de) * 1977-05-26 1983-12-08 Gruzinskij politechničeskij institut imeni V.I. Lenina, Tbilisi Vorrichtung zum Einführen pulverförmiger Reagenzien mittels eines Trägergasstromes in eine Metallschmelze
FR2450278A1 (fr) * 1979-03-02 1980-09-26 Inst Chernoi Metallurgii Procede de traitement de fonte liquide dans des recipients
IT1117215B (it) * 1979-05-04 1986-02-17 Centro Speriment Metallurg Sistema di desolforazione fuori forno di bagni metallici con granuli desolforanti di forma poliedrica con dimensioni spaziali controllate
CN112404372B (zh) * 2020-11-20 2021-12-14 国铭铸管股份有限公司 一种球墨铸铁的包内控速旋流球化方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1019965A (en) * 1908-07-27 1912-03-12 William H Kelly Treatment of metals.
US2525973A (en) * 1946-11-19 1950-10-17 Allied Chem & Dye Corp Apparatus for feeding solid material
US2803533A (en) * 1954-05-03 1957-08-20 Union Carbide Corp Method of injecting fluidized powders for metallurgical treatment
US3080228A (en) * 1960-08-03 1963-03-05 Blackstone Corp Process for the production of cast iron
US3231371A (en) * 1962-04-16 1966-01-25 Combustion Eng Cast iron resistant to heat growth and method for producing the same

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1019965A (en) * 1908-07-27 1912-03-12 William H Kelly Treatment of metals.
US2525973A (en) * 1946-11-19 1950-10-17 Allied Chem & Dye Corp Apparatus for feeding solid material
US2803533A (en) * 1954-05-03 1957-08-20 Union Carbide Corp Method of injecting fluidized powders for metallurgical treatment
US3080228A (en) * 1960-08-03 1963-03-05 Blackstone Corp Process for the production of cast iron
US3231371A (en) * 1962-04-16 1966-01-25 Combustion Eng Cast iron resistant to heat growth and method for producing the same

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4341553A (en) * 1979-08-09 1982-07-27 Gesellschaft Fur Huttenwerksanlagen Mbh Method of, and cupola furnace for, the introduction of treatment agents into cupola iron melts
US4705664A (en) * 1986-10-29 1987-11-10 Harbiuger Labs, Inc. Radiant heat vaporizing injector
WO1989004378A1 (en) * 1987-11-10 1989-05-18 Haigh Richard N Radiant heat vaporizing method and apparatus
US5491279A (en) * 1993-04-02 1996-02-13 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Method for top-charging solid waste into a molten metal bath
US5571486A (en) * 1993-04-02 1996-11-05 Molten Metal Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for top-charging solid waste into a molten metal bath
WO1995027801A1 (en) * 1994-04-07 1995-10-19 Ettore Bennati Vaporisation bell for metallurgical treatment in molten baths
WO1996021046A1 (en) * 1995-01-05 1996-07-11 Ettore Bennati Method and equipment for treatment in molten cast iron baths with reaction materials having a low or high production of gas
WO2008023863A1 (en) 2006-08-23 2008-02-28 Posco A ferro-alloy inserting apparatus with reduced absorption of oxygen and absorption of nitrogen and inserting method thereof
EP2054533A1 (en) * 2006-08-23 2009-05-06 Posco Co., Ltd. A ferro-alloy inserting apparatus with reduced absorption of oxygen and absorption of nitrogen and inserting method thereof
EP2054533A4 (en) * 2006-08-23 2009-12-30 Posco Co Ltd APPARATUS FOR INSERTING A REDUCED ABSORPTION OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN FERROLAYER

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE798224A (fr) 1973-10-15
DE2321495B2 (de) 1976-04-01
FR2227326A1 (nl) 1974-11-22
DE2321495A1 (de) 1974-11-07
SE381283B (sv) 1975-12-01
SE7405228L (sv) 1975-10-20
FR2227326B1 (nl) 1976-11-12

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