US3878091A - Method for pneumatic classification and a pneumatic classifier - Google Patents

Method for pneumatic classification and a pneumatic classifier Download PDF

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Publication number
US3878091A
US3878091A US289270A US28927072A US3878091A US 3878091 A US3878091 A US 3878091A US 289270 A US289270 A US 289270A US 28927072 A US28927072 A US 28927072A US 3878091 A US3878091 A US 3878091A
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Prior art keywords
classifier
dispersion
air
primary
product
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US289270A
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English (en)
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Risto Tapani Hukki
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Kennedy Van Saun Corp
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Kennedy Van Saun Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B07B9/02—Combinations of similar or different apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
    • B07B7/08—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using centrifugal force
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
    • B07B7/08—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using centrifugal force
    • B07B7/10—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using centrifugal force having air recirculating within the apparatus

Definitions

  • the pneumatic classifier as disclosed includes a main body, means to produce alt circulation in the body, means to feed material to be classified thereto, cylone means to collect the final fine product, hopper means to collect the final coarse product, the classifier including an-ejector as primary dispersion means located within the classifier body on a selected reference level, horizontal centrifugal classifier means 'located above the said reference level, and a secondary dispersion means located below the said reference level, the classifier being arranged to carry out the method steps of:
  • This invention relates toamethod for continuous pneumatic classification of finely divided solids and to the respective pneumatic classification apparatus.
  • centrifugal classifiers In practice. pneumatic classification of finely divided solids is commonly performed in centrifugal classifiers.
  • the conventional centrifugal classifier is of vertical construction.
  • the horizontal centrifugal classifier is also known.
  • centrifugal classifiers have been especially directed to means to improve their sharpness of separation.
  • Numerous inventions have been made for the purpose of cleaning further the sand product of the fines retained in it.
  • the present invention concerns an improved method of classification where the process is distinctly subdivided into its basic components. where each one of them iscarried out under essentially independent conditions with an emphasis on utmost perfectness, and where the said components together form a continuously operating wholeness.
  • This is obtained by primary dispersion of the feed material into an air suspension in the primary dispersion step by applying the ejection principle by separating the fraction retained in the created suspension in a horizontal centrifugal field on a higher elevation into a final fine product and a coarser middling product which is returned downward back into the air suspension produced in the said primary dispersion step. or is removed as a separate middling product, and
  • the centrifugal classification step can also be performed as a multiple step process in such a way that the fine product suspension of a preceeding step forms the feed suspension to a succeeding step performed in a similar horizontal centrifugal field placed stepwise on a higher elevation and operated under stepwise higher gee-value.
  • This invention relates further to an improved pneu- 'matic classification apparatus operating in accordance with the said principles.
  • the apparatus is characterized by primary dispersion means constructed on the ejection principle. placed within the classifier housing in such a way that the said primary dispersion means on the whole is situated approximately on the reference level formed by the crossing line of air inlet channel and feed material inlet channel, by a horizontal centrifugal classifier or a corresponding series classifier placed on an elevation above the level of the primary dispersion means named above. and a by secondary dispersion means constructed essentially on a similar ejection principle and placed on an elevation below the level of the said primary dispersion means.
  • the most essential features of this invention are the steps taken and the means applied for utmost possible dispersion of the feed material. Thoroughly dispersed feed powders only will lead to clean separations. Thus sufficiently powerful dispersion means are an absolute necessity for a sound pneumatic classification process and apparatus. The entire action of the said means are according to the present invention directed to this basic task which in most of the earlier classifiers has not received enough attention.
  • the dispersion means in the present invention are constructed to include an ejector having no moving parts an ejector having no moving parts and further invigorated by stationary counter bars an ejector with no moving parts invigorated by a mechanical part rotated at a high speed.
  • the centrifugal classifier pro per is preferably built to include stationary parts. only.
  • the other alternative includes within it drum-like means rotated about a horizontal axis.
  • the periphery of the said drum can be constructed of a number of similar. apart of each other placed rods. or ribs. parallel to the shaft of the drum.
  • the said ribs may alsohave' an isosceles angular shape or two equal sides and pointing in the direction of rotation.
  • the classifier housing the primary and the secondary dispersion means within it.
  • the connecting air tube and the blower form one unified apparatus operating in a closed circuit.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic vertical section of a classifier which disregarding the blower does not include moving parts
  • FIG. 2 a corresponding section of a classifier of another construction with no moving inside parts.
  • FIG. 3 a similar section of a classifier where both the dispersion means and the centrifugal classifier include a moving part. each.
  • the classification apparatus includes as a main body box-like housing 1, feeder means 2 for material powder to be classified. cyclone collector means 3 for the fine product. collecting hopper 4 for the final coarse product and air tube 5 connecting cyclone 3 to blower 6.
  • Primary dispersion means 7 has been placed within the front upper part of the classifier box and centrifugal classifier 8' having a horizontal axis on top of the rear section of the box.
  • the dispersion meansshown in FlG. 1 includes stationary parts, only. the most essential ones being air inlet channel 9, feed material inlet channel 10, mixing channel 11 for the air and feed material, the said parts together forming an ejector.
  • the primary dispersion means is situated approximately on the reference level formed by the crossing line of air inlet channel 9 and feed material inlet channel 10.
  • the ejector opens to primary dispersion space 12 which is furnished with a set of flow guiding plates 13.
  • the entrance to air channel 9 is provided with hinged flow control baffle l4.
  • centrifugal classitier 8 is constructed of stationary parts. only, the most essential ones being wide inlet opening or channel 15, circular discharge opening 16 for the suspension carrying the fine product and relatively narrow downward leading discharge slot 17 for the coarser middling product. Opening 16 is connected tangentially to the upper section of cyclone 3.
  • Secondary dispersion means 18 include in FIG. 1 air channel 19, funnel shaped feeder channel 20, secondary dispersion space 21 and flow channel 22 leading directly to centrifugal classifier 8. As can be seen. the primary and secondary dispersion means and the primary and secondary dispersion spaces are clearly separated from each other.
  • classifier housing 1, primary dispersion means 7, secondary dispersion means 18, centrifugal classifier 8, fine product cyclone 3, connecting air tube and blower 6 form a unified system operating in closed circuit.
  • Branch pipe 23 attached to main air tube 5 is. connected to an outside dust removal system not, shown in the picture.
  • the classifier shown in FIG. 2 deviates from that shown FIG. I in two essential respects. only.
  • To primary dispersion means 7 is here added a series of stationary countergrids 24.
  • the centrifugal classifier is now of two stage construction and includes primary centrifugal classifier 8 and secondary centrifugal classifier 25 of a smaller size.
  • Discharge opening 16 in classifier 8 forms the entrance to inlet channel 26 feeding classifier 25.
  • Circular discharge opening 27 is now connected tangentially to cyclone 3.
  • Downward directed discharge slot 28 for the respective middling product leads either to primary dispersion space 12 or to a separate collecting hopper (not shown).
  • the classifier shown in FIG. 3 differs from those already explained in that dispersion means 7 and centrifugal classifier 8 include new a moving part. each.
  • dispersion drum 29 rotated about a horizontal axis has been placed at the mounth of the primary dispersion means (primary ejector) 7.
  • the drum periphery consists of evenly spaced rods.
  • the drum is rotated at a desired speed by an outside mechanism.
  • stationary grid 30 has been placed opposite to drum 29.
  • Centrifugal classifier 8 shown in FIG. 3 illustrates one possible way of construction.
  • drum 31 is rotated about a horizontal axis at a desired speed by an outside mechanism.
  • the drum is preferably designed purely for sizing action and it should not cause marked inward or outward flow of air when rotated alone.
  • the drum periphery consists here of similar, evenly spaced ribs. apart of each other and parallel to the shaft of the drum. To reach the recommended neutral effect each rib preferably has an isoceles angular shape or have two equal sides and pointing in the direction of rotation, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the classification apparatus constructed in accordance with the principles of this invention works as follows:
  • powder to be classified is introduced via feeder 2 at an angle determined by channel 10 into primary dispersion means 7 where the powder gets into the fast moving air jet lamella discharging from channel 9, and becomes mixed with the air in channel 11 in accordance with the principles of ejector operation.
  • the dispersed air suspension spreads out LII into primary dispersion space 12 in the classifier box.
  • the fraction of solids retained in suspension flows at a high velocity and guided by plates 13 via inlet opening 15 into centrifugal classifier 8 where. the solids are sized according to the well knownprinciples in such a way that the finest size fractions followthe medium into cyclone 3 while the coarser size fractions with some fines discharge as a middling product via discharge slot 17 downward into primary dispersion space 12.
  • the fines still included in the middling material have now a new chance in getting back to classifier 8.
  • Those particles not staying in suspension settle downward by gravity into funnel shaped space 20.
  • the said particles are redispersed by secondary dispersion means 18 resembling here a simplified ejector. Air for this ejector is introduced via secondary air channel 19.
  • the resulting dispersion spreads out into secondary dispersion space 21 wherefrom the suspended fines follow the medium upward via channel 22 directly into centrifugal classifier 8 while the cleaned final coarse product settles downward and collects into hopper 4.
  • the classified fine product separates from the medium in cyclone 3. Both products are continuously discharged from the apparatus in any proper way.
  • feed material to be processed is introduced here via open feeding means 2.
  • open feeding means 2 backblowing of some dust via feeder 2 is prevented by removing a fraction of the circulating air stream discharging from cyclone 3 into an outside dust removal system via branch pipe 23. This causes a slight inward flow of air via feeder 2 with the feed material.
  • the basic principle of operation of the classifier shown in FIG. 2 is essentially the same as that already described.
  • Stationary series of countergrids 24 are used to invigorate the dispersion action of primary dispersion means 7.
  • the two step centrifugal classifier leads to a very unique method of sizing.
  • the air suspension discharging from classifier 8 via opening 16 forms as such and without any further effort a well dis persed feed suspension to secondary centrifugal classifier 25 to which it is introduced via inlet channel 26.
  • the reclassified fines follow the medium via opening 27 into cyclone 3 where the solids separate from the medium as already described.
  • the respective coarser middling product proceeds downward via channel 28 either into primary dispersion space 12 or into a hopper (not shown) to be withdrawn as a separate product.
  • the centrifugal series classifier can include any number of steps following the indicated flow pattern.
  • the outstanding advantage of such an arrangement is that reclassification of the dispersed-suspension created in a preceeding centrifugal unit takes place instantaneously in a succeeding centrifugal unit operated under a susbstantially higher gee-value.
  • the higher geevalue is obtained by decreasing the active volume of the succeeding centrifugal unit in comparison with the preceeding unit by decreasing the active radius. or its depth in the directionof the axis, or both.
  • the powder-air mixture discharges from ejector 7 onto dispersion drum 29 rotated at a desired speed.
  • Rotation of the drum causes strong mechanical attrition and fast moving whirls improving dispersion of the powder.
  • This action can be further intensified by a series of stationary rods in countergrid 30 against which the streams must strike.
  • the size of separation is determined by the top particle size capable of following the medium between the ribs in drum 31. The coarser particles when hit by the outer rims of the ribs bounce back into the space surrounding the drum wherefrom they are discharged with the rest of the oversized particles via channel 17 into primary dispersion space 12 as already described.
  • the units can be easily arranged in parallel or in series. For normal industrial applications no more than two units in series seem to be necessary.
  • the essential control operations for a given apparatus include regulation of the total air volume, regulation between the fractional volumes used for primary and secondary dispersion. and regulation of the speed of rotation of the dispersion drum and of the centrifugal classifier drum in cases where they are included within the apparatus.
  • the method for pneumatic classification and the corresponding pneumatic classifier according to this invention can be used in classification sizing of all such products that can be treated in existing pneumatic classifiers of any conventional type.
  • the method and apparatus described in this specification seems to be especially suitable for production of extremely fine products such as e.g. so-called super cement, filling materials such as talc and kaoline used in paper industry, and for the entire wide field of products characterized by the name micropowders.
  • Table 1 The data reported in Table 1 were obtained in a pilot plant unit substantially as shown in FIG. I.
  • the dimensions of classifier box 1 were 75 cm (height) X 60 cm (Width) X 20 cm (depth).
  • the effective volume of cen- 5 trifugal classifier unit 8 on top of the box was about 12 dm. With exception of blower 6, no moving parts were used.
  • the original cement clinker has been ground to a fineness of 87 '/l 74 a and 64 '4 37 a.
  • 0.5 uftriethanolamine as a dispersant was added to the mill.
  • a method of pneumatically classifying finely divided solid materials comprising the steps of:
  • a pneumatic classifier for classifying finely divided material including a housing, means providing separate primary and secondary dispersion spaces in the housing. primary and secondary dispersion means discharging respectively into the dispersion spaces, means for delivering a stream of air to each dispersion means,
  • a centrifugal classifier means for conducting air and material suspended therein from the primary dispersion space as a stream into the centrifugal classifier for the separation of a middling product from the fine material carried by the air stream, means for supplying coarse material settled out in the primary dispersion space into the air stream in the secondary dispersion means for delivery to the secondary dispersion space.
  • a classifier as claimed in claim 2 including means for conducting the middling product from the centrifugal classifier into the dispersion in the primary dispersion space.
  • a classifier as claimed in claim 2 including a horizontally rotatable dispersion drum means located in the primary dispersion space adjacent to the outlet of the primary dispersion means.
  • a classifier as claimed in claim 2 including a rotatable drum like means located in the centrifugal classifier in axial alignment with the discharge outlet and extending around its periphery.
  • a classifier as claimed in claimS wherein the periphery of the drum like means is comprised of spaced ribs parallel to the axis of the drum.
  • a classifier as claimed in claim 5, wherein the drum-like means comprises spaced ribs parallel to the axis of the drum each rib having an isosceles angular shape in cross section pointing in the direction of rotation of the drum.

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US289270A 1971-09-27 1972-09-15 Method for pneumatic classification and a pneumatic classifier Expired - Lifetime US3878091A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI2683/71A FI54681C (fi) 1971-09-27 1971-09-27 Pneumatiskt klassificeringsfoerfarande och pneumatisk klassificerare foer utfoerande av foerfarandet

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US (1) US3878091A (ja)
JP (1) JPS4862042A (ja)
AT (1) AT325538B (ja)
AU (1) AU467302B2 (ja)
BR (1) BR7206701D0 (ja)
CA (1) CA979849A (ja)
CH (1) CH550026A (ja)
DD (1) DD103822A5 (ja)
DE (1) DE2246248A1 (ja)
FI (1) FI54681C (ja)
GB (1) GB1391892A (ja)
NO (1) NO130383B (ja)
SE (1) SE392048B (ja)
SU (1) SU938733A3 (ja)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4248699A (en) * 1977-07-09 1981-02-03 Kennedy Van Saun Corporation Pneumatic classifier
US4465194A (en) * 1982-12-23 1984-08-14 Universal Leaf Tobacco Co. Threshed tobacco lead separator
US4486300A (en) * 1981-09-01 1984-12-04 William Prieb Specific gravity grain grader
US4574045A (en) * 1982-02-22 1986-03-04 Crossmore Jr Edward Y Removal of undesirable substances from finely divided particles
US4728045A (en) * 1987-01-12 1988-03-01 Nelmor Co., Inc. Method for reclaiming bonded, two-resin articles
US4784756A (en) * 1985-05-03 1988-11-15 Larox Oy Pneumatic classifying procedure and means
US5348163A (en) * 1993-01-19 1994-09-20 Cabot Corporation Method and apparatus for separating fine particles
US5800578A (en) * 1995-07-27 1998-09-01 Air Conveying Corporation Air separation system including a tangential separator and a pneumatic relay conveyer
US20070023328A1 (en) * 2005-07-29 2007-02-01 Flora Jonathan J Recycling horizontal cyclonic segregator for processing harvested nuts and fruits
US20110024334A1 (en) * 2009-07-31 2011-02-03 Mac Equipment, Inc. System and method for eliminating emissions from an air classification device
CN104001667A (zh) * 2014-04-28 2014-08-27 山东西王食品有限公司 一种玉米胚芽中的皮杂分离装置
US10131507B1 (en) * 2017-07-27 2018-11-20 Mss, Inc. Ejector hood
US10207292B2 (en) * 2015-05-25 2019-02-19 Olena Kostrubiak Aerodynamic recirculating bulk material separator
CN109604158A (zh) * 2019-01-24 2019-04-12 袁鼎山 一种玉米胚芽气流分选机

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2078553B (en) * 1980-07-04 1983-12-21 Larox Ag Pneumatic classification of finely-divided solids
ES2099359T3 (es) * 1992-12-18 1997-05-16 Buehler Ag Geb Aparato alimentador.
UA116051C2 (uk) * 2016-06-29 2018-01-25 Леонід Васильович Фадєєв Зерноаспіратор фадєєва

Citations (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1962668A (en) * 1931-09-24 1934-06-12 George J Olney String bean cleaner
US2214434A (en) * 1938-04-21 1940-09-10 Joseph C Nelms Apparatus for cleaning loose materials
US2381954A (en) * 1940-08-03 1945-08-14 Hardinge Harlowe Classifying system for pulverized materials
US2767840A (en) * 1951-10-19 1956-10-23 Tongeren N V Bureau Van Cyclones
US2931581A (en) * 1955-08-08 1960-04-05 Microcyclomat Co Precision grinder with forced circulation classifier
US2941667A (en) * 1957-04-16 1960-06-21 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Leaf tobacco separator and method
US3010576A (en) * 1957-12-24 1961-11-28 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Apparatus for separating or winnowing tobacco and other like fibrous material
US3017993A (en) * 1958-12-31 1962-01-23 Aerofall Mills Inc Air classification system
US3738483A (en) * 1971-11-08 1973-06-12 Kenzie H Mac Method of and means for classification of heterogeneous shredded refuse materials

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1962668A (en) * 1931-09-24 1934-06-12 George J Olney String bean cleaner
US2214434A (en) * 1938-04-21 1940-09-10 Joseph C Nelms Apparatus for cleaning loose materials
US2381954A (en) * 1940-08-03 1945-08-14 Hardinge Harlowe Classifying system for pulverized materials
US2767840A (en) * 1951-10-19 1956-10-23 Tongeren N V Bureau Van Cyclones
US2931581A (en) * 1955-08-08 1960-04-05 Microcyclomat Co Precision grinder with forced circulation classifier
US2941667A (en) * 1957-04-16 1960-06-21 Brown & Williamson Tobacco Leaf tobacco separator and method
US3010576A (en) * 1957-12-24 1961-11-28 Hauni Werke Koerber & Co Kg Apparatus for separating or winnowing tobacco and other like fibrous material
US3017993A (en) * 1958-12-31 1962-01-23 Aerofall Mills Inc Air classification system
US3738483A (en) * 1971-11-08 1973-06-12 Kenzie H Mac Method of and means for classification of heterogeneous shredded refuse materials

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4248699A (en) * 1977-07-09 1981-02-03 Kennedy Van Saun Corporation Pneumatic classifier
US4486300A (en) * 1981-09-01 1984-12-04 William Prieb Specific gravity grain grader
US4574045A (en) * 1982-02-22 1986-03-04 Crossmore Jr Edward Y Removal of undesirable substances from finely divided particles
US4465194A (en) * 1982-12-23 1984-08-14 Universal Leaf Tobacco Co. Threshed tobacco lead separator
US4784756A (en) * 1985-05-03 1988-11-15 Larox Oy Pneumatic classifying procedure and means
US4728045A (en) * 1987-01-12 1988-03-01 Nelmor Co., Inc. Method for reclaiming bonded, two-resin articles
US5348163A (en) * 1993-01-19 1994-09-20 Cabot Corporation Method and apparatus for separating fine particles
US5800578A (en) * 1995-07-27 1998-09-01 Air Conveying Corporation Air separation system including a tangential separator and a pneumatic relay conveyer
US20070023328A1 (en) * 2005-07-29 2007-02-01 Flora Jonathan J Recycling horizontal cyclonic segregator for processing harvested nuts and fruits
US20110024334A1 (en) * 2009-07-31 2011-02-03 Mac Equipment, Inc. System and method for eliminating emissions from an air classification device
US8016117B2 (en) * 2009-07-31 2011-09-13 Mac Process Inc. System and method for eliminating emissions from an air classification device
CN104001667A (zh) * 2014-04-28 2014-08-27 山东西王食品有限公司 一种玉米胚芽中的皮杂分离装置
US10207292B2 (en) * 2015-05-25 2019-02-19 Olena Kostrubiak Aerodynamic recirculating bulk material separator
US10131507B1 (en) * 2017-07-27 2018-11-20 Mss, Inc. Ejector hood
US10464761B1 (en) * 2017-07-27 2019-11-05 Mss, Inc. Ejector hood
CN109604158A (zh) * 2019-01-24 2019-04-12 袁鼎山 一种玉米胚芽气流分选机
CN109604158B (zh) * 2019-01-24 2023-09-08 袁鼎山 一种玉米胚芽气流分选机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1391892A (en) 1975-04-23
CH550026A (de) 1974-06-14
AU467302B2 (en) 1975-11-27
DD103822A5 (ja) 1974-02-12
AT325538B (de) 1975-10-27
SE392048B (sv) 1977-03-14
AU4697872A (en) 1974-03-28
DE2246248A1 (de) 1973-04-05
FI54681C (fi) 1979-02-12
JPS4862042A (ja) 1973-08-30
FI54681B (fi) 1978-10-31
CA979849A (en) 1975-12-16
NO130383B (ja) 1974-08-26
SU938733A3 (ru) 1982-06-23
BR7206701D0 (pt) 1973-08-21
ATA822872A (de) 1975-01-15

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