US3877834A - Self-priming centrifugal pumps - Google Patents

Self-priming centrifugal pumps Download PDF

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Publication number
US3877834A
US3877834A US419149A US41914973A US3877834A US 3877834 A US3877834 A US 3877834A US 419149 A US419149 A US 419149A US 41914973 A US41914973 A US 41914973A US 3877834 A US3877834 A US 3877834A
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United States
Prior art keywords
volute
gap
impeller
axis
liquid
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US419149A
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English (en)
Inventor
Walter Speck
Oskar Schmidt
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SPECK PUMPEN
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SPECK PUMPEN
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Publication date
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Publication of US3877834A publication Critical patent/US3877834A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/445—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers especially adapted for liquid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D9/00—Priming; Preventing vapour lock
    • F04D9/02—Self-priming pumps

Definitions

  • the impeller is surrounded by a fluid guide which is located in a housing provided with an outlet through which fluid is discharged from the pump.
  • the fluid guide is formed with a gap situated in a plane which is perpendicular to the above axis so that during self-priming operations liquid can return back toward the axis of the impeller through the latter gap.
  • the present invention relates to centrifugal pumps. and more specifically. to self-priming centrifugal pumps.
  • centrifugal pumps must be primed during the initial starting operations so as to eliminate air from the interior of such pumps.
  • self-priming centrifugal pumps capable of forming in their interiors a mixture of air and liquid are used for pumping liquids.
  • pumps of this type in addition to providing a high efficiency it is also desired to provide a short priming time.
  • the state of the art indicates that self-priming centrifugal pumps with interior liquid-air mixtures have long been known.
  • the flow of air out of the pump is brought about by mixing liquid which is present in the impeller with air from the suction inlet with this mixture being delivered through a fluid-guide into the pressure chamber ofthe pump. In the latter chamber the air separates itself from the liquid and discharges through the outlet of the pump.
  • the liquid on the other hand. returns along a circular or closed path to the region of the impeller.
  • the fluid-guide takes the form either of a tubular spiral with one or two vanes or of a ring having vanes uniformly distributed.
  • Suitable passages must be provided in order to return the circulating self-priming liquid at a favorable speed and direction.
  • it is conventional to provide for this purpose one or more openings in the wall which separates the impeller chamber from the pressure chamber in the pump housing.
  • the arrangement of these openings can vary widely.
  • many pumps passages are situated in the region of the impeller vanes. while in other pumps they are situated beyond the periphery of the impeller.
  • the liquid continues to flow along the circular or closed path which the priming liquid follows during the priming operations.
  • the pump is frequently essential to provide the pump with an extremely and undesirably large size. resulting in a requirement of a large space to accommodate the pump.
  • SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION lt is accordingly a primary object of the present invention to provide a self-priming centrifugal pump which will avoid the above drawbacks and which will improve the manner in which the self-priming operations are carried out.
  • the self-priming centrifugal pump has an inlet means through which fluid enters to a rotary impeller means which has a predetermined axis of rotation.
  • a fluid guiding means extends circumferentially around the rotary impeller means to receive the fluid therefrom, and a housing means houses the fluid guiding means and is provided with an outlet through which pumped fluid is discharged.
  • the fluid-guiding means is formed with a gap situated in a plane which is perpendicular to the impeller axis. Through this gap it is possible for the self-priming liquid to return in all directions toward the impeller axis.
  • FIG. I is a schematic partly sectional elevation of a pump according to the present invention. the section of FIG. I being in a plane which contains the pump axis;
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional illustration of another embodiment of the pump of the invention.
  • the self-priming centrifugal pump illustrated therein includes a housing means 1 fluid-tightly accommodating in its interior an inner housing portion 2 as well as an inner fluid-guiding means which in the illustrated example takes the form of a volute means 3.
  • the volute means 3 and the inner housing unit 2 would form a unitary structure fluid-tightly accommodated in the interior of the housing I by way of sealing rings 13 and 14.
  • the volute means 3 is in its outer wall with an outer gap 4. so that the volute means includes in the illustrated example a pair of sections separated from each other by the outer gap 4.
  • a rotary impeller means 5 is also accommodated in the interior of the housing means I.
  • this rotary impeller means 5 being carried by a drive shaft I1 driven from any suitable motor and having an axis coinciding with the axis of rotation of the impeller means 5.
  • the housing means 1 is formed with the suction inlet 8 through which fluid enters the pump to be received at the central inlet in the impeller means 5.
  • the outer gap 4 in the illustrated example may have a width of approximately I mm. and it extends completely through the entire volute means along the entire contour thereof.
  • volute means 3 has directly next to the outer periphery of the impeller means 5 an inner circumferential gap substantially wider than the outer gap 4 which is situated in a plane which extends midway through the inner gap as well as through the outer periphery of the impeller means 5 substantially midway between the outer circumferential end edges of the impeller means 5.
  • the hollow interior ofthe volute means 3 has in a direction parallel to the axis of the impcller means 5 a width which at a minimum is equal to the width of the inner gap and which over most of the length of the volute means 3 is substantially wider than the inner gap.
  • a means is provided for determining the width of the gap 4, and in the example of FIG.
  • this means takes the form of a plurality of projections 10 carried by one of the sections ofthe volute means 3 and extending across the gap 4 into engagement with the other of the sections.
  • a minimum of three of these spacer projections 10 are provided. distributed at a considerable distance from each other along the volute means 3. and these projections 10 which in the illustrated example determine the width of the gap 4 are so small with respect to the total length of the gap 4 along the contour of the volute means 3 that for practical purposes the entire gap 4 may be considered as being uninterrupted.
  • these spacer elements 10 the uniform width of the gap 4 is maintained.
  • the housing means 1 defines a collecting chamber 7 in its interior in which fluid is collected prior to discharge out of the pressure outlet 9.
  • the driving motor carries a flange 12 on which the pump structure is mounted as illustrated.
  • the fluid-guiding means formed by the volute means 3 has an outlet 6 communicating with the interior of the collecting chamber 7.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the invention where a connecting means connects the separated sections of the volute means 3 to the housing means 1 in order to determine the width of the gap 4.
  • this connecting means may take the form of a plurality of rods 20 connected with the separate sections of the volute means 3.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates one rod 20 connected to each of the sections of r the volute means 3. These rods 20 may be formedintegrally with the volute sections. At their outer ends. the
  • suitable bolts. screws. or the like. such as the illustrated screws 22, extend through suitable openings of the housing I into threaded bores of the rods 22 in order to fix the latter to the housing 1.
  • the connecting means 20 fixes the separated sections of the volute means with respect to the housing 1 so as to determine the width of the gap 4.
  • the circulating priming liquid is capable of returning toward the pump axis. in a substantially radial direction toward the center of the impeller thus engaging the vanes thereof and entering deep into the spaces between the vanes toward the impeller axis.
  • the plane in which the gap 4 is located is not only perpendicular to the axis of the impeller means 5 but also the periphery of the impeller means 5 extends through this plane.
  • the liquid which returns toward the impeller axis during the priming operations is capable of flowing in all directions in the plane of the gap 4 inwardly toward the impeller axis. As a result.
  • the impeller means is at all times uniformly loaded at its entire periphery with the circulating priming liquid. so that with the pump of the invention the priming liquid is utilized in a far superior to repeat these manner than has been the case heretofore for the purpose of conveying air out of the pump. and in this way a considerable reduction in the time required for the priming operations is achieved.
  • the uniform centralized loading of the impeller means reduces the extent to which wear takes place from the liquid. and if foreign bodies or other impurities are present. the extent to which the structure will be worn by such foreign matter is also reduced.
  • the undesirably excessive loading of the impeller. the impeller shaft. and the bearings. as is present with known constructions. is reduced to a very large extent. so that with the construction of the invention the wear which results from the operating conditions is greatly reduced.
  • the width of the gap 4 may range between approximately 0.5 and 5 mm.
  • the particular choice of a specific width for the gap 4 will depend upon the fluid which is pumped and the speed of rotation of the impeller means. so that the pump designer with a knowledge of the present invention can without difficulty select for a particular pump construction and design the optimum gap width.
  • rotary impeller means having a given axis of rotation. at central suction inlet. and an outer peripheral outlet circumferentially surrounding said axis.
  • fluid-guiding means situated at the periphery of said impeller means and being in the form of a hollow volute means formed with an inner relatively substantially constant width axial gap circumferentially surrounding and situated directly next to the periphery of said impeller means for directly receiving fluid therefrom.
  • the hollow interior of said volute means being substantially wider than said inner gap along substantially all of the length of said volute means with the hollow interior of said volute means extending axially in both directions beyond said inner gap of said volute means.
  • volute means having an outer wall formed in a plane perpendicular to said axis and through which said outer periphery of said impeller means extends with an outer relatively narrow axial gap extending substantially through the entire length of the outer wall of said volute means and through which liquid can return toward said axis during self-priming operations.
  • a housing means housing said impeller means and said volute means which is formed with said outer gap in said plane. said housing means having an outlet through which fluid from said volute means is discharged while liquid can return toward said axis during self-priming operations through said gaps in said volute means.
  • volute means includes a pair of volute sections which are separated from each other at said gaps. and spacer means distributed along said outer gap at a small number of locations and situated between said sections for determining the width of said gap.
  • volute means includes a pair of sections separated from each other by said gaps. and means operatively connected with at least one of said sections for determining the position thereof along said axis with respect to the other of said sections for determining the width of said gaps;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
US419149A 1973-09-24 1973-11-26 Self-priming centrifugal pumps Expired - Lifetime US3877834A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19732347915 DE2347915A1 (de) 1973-09-24 1973-09-24 Selbstansaugende kreiselpumpe

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3877834A true US3877834A (en) 1975-04-15

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ID=5893433

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US419149A Expired - Lifetime US3877834A (en) 1973-09-24 1973-11-26 Self-priming centrifugal pumps

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US (1) US3877834A (enrdf_load_html_response)
AU (1) AU475401B2 (enrdf_load_html_response)
BR (1) BR7309509D0 (enrdf_load_html_response)
CH (1) CH568484A5 (enrdf_load_html_response)
DE (1) DE2347915A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR2245219A5 (enrdf_load_html_response)
IT (1) IT1003194B (enrdf_load_html_response)
ZA (1) ZA738706B (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5040947A (en) * 1989-01-19 1991-08-20 Ebara Corporation Pump casing
CN102454636A (zh) * 2010-10-20 2012-05-16 李正奇 高温高压离心泵用出水段

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE470507B (sv) * 1992-11-13 1994-06-20 Flygt Ab Itt Pumphus för centrifugalpump, vilket pumphus är försett med en axiellt riktad skiljevägg, vilken vägg är slitsad i sin längdriktning

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US902605A (en) * 1908-11-03 Charles F Brown Apparatus for centrifugal fluid compression.
US1439365A (en) * 1921-03-16 1922-12-19 Unchokeable Pump Ltd Centrifugal pump
US1604328A (en) * 1924-07-01 1926-10-26 Heenan & Froude Ltd Centrifugal fan
US1936771A (en) * 1930-01-31 1933-11-28 C S Engineering Co Packing for centrifugal pumps
US2224615A (en) * 1939-01-30 1940-12-10 Alfred S Mariow Priming means for self-priming pumps

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US902605A (en) * 1908-11-03 Charles F Brown Apparatus for centrifugal fluid compression.
US1439365A (en) * 1921-03-16 1922-12-19 Unchokeable Pump Ltd Centrifugal pump
US1604328A (en) * 1924-07-01 1926-10-26 Heenan & Froude Ltd Centrifugal fan
US1936771A (en) * 1930-01-31 1933-11-28 C S Engineering Co Packing for centrifugal pumps
US2224615A (en) * 1939-01-30 1940-12-10 Alfred S Mariow Priming means for self-priming pumps

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5040947A (en) * 1989-01-19 1991-08-20 Ebara Corporation Pump casing
CN102454636A (zh) * 2010-10-20 2012-05-16 李正奇 高温高压离心泵用出水段

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU6350073A (en) 1975-06-12
DE2347915A1 (de) 1975-04-03
FR2245219A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1975-04-18
IT1003194B (it) 1976-06-10
ZA738706B (en) 1974-09-25
AU475401B2 (en) 1976-08-19
CH568484A5 (enrdf_load_html_response) 1975-10-31
BR7309509D0 (pt) 1975-04-22

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