US3875678A - Method and apparatus for purifying exhaust air of a dryer apparatus - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for purifying exhaust air of a dryer apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3875678A
US3875678A US430941A US43094174A US3875678A US 3875678 A US3875678 A US 3875678A US 430941 A US430941 A US 430941A US 43094174 A US43094174 A US 43094174A US 3875678 A US3875678 A US 3875678A
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Prior art keywords
hydrocarbons
heat
dryer
exhaust
section
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Expired - Lifetime
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US430941A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hilmar Vits
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Vits Maschinenbau GmbH
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Vits Maschinenbau GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE19732300381 external-priority patent/DE2300381C3/de
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/005—Treatment of dryer exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/02—Heating arrangements using combustion heating
    • F26B23/022—Heating arrangements using combustion heating incinerating volatiles in the dryer exhaust gases, the produced hot gases being wholly, partly or not recycled into the drying enclosure

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for dryers for products containing volatile hydrocarbons such as impregnated hard board, electrical insulation having insulating varnish, aluminum sheets coated with varnish, etc.; the products being dried normally producing, during drying, gaseous hydrocarbons which, for ecological reasons, cannot be discharged directly into the atmosphere but which must be treated;" the method and apparatus concerning a two-sectioned dryer in series in which the material being dried, passes from section to section; in the first section the more volatile hydrocarbons are driven off and are after-burned" with the heat of combustion being recovered and used to heat the dryer sections; the second section having less volatile hydrocarbons driven off which are washed" or condensed; the hydrocarbons precipitating out during washing" being used as a fuel to assist in the afterburning" of the more volatile hydrocarbons; the washed exhaust from the second section and exhaust gases from after-burning of the more volatile hydrocarbons being combined after washing and afterburning for dehumidification of
  • the instant invention concerns method and apparatus for purifying the exhaust gases and by-products from a dryer apparatus for products moving therethrough, wherein said products contain light and heavy hydrocarbons which become volatile during the drying phase and are incinerated before their exit into the at mosphere.
  • the drying air In dryers for such type of products, the drying air must be retained at a predetermined temperature, for example at 160C, so that the light and heavy hydrocarbons become volatile and, mixed with the air, can be exhausted as spent or used air.
  • the heated gases which are drawn from the dryer are replaced by a corresponding amount of fresh air, which must be heated to the predetermined temperature; this requires a continuous supplying of heat.
  • the fresh air is drawn into a suspension dryer through the dryer inlet and outlet for the products moving therethrough and through non-sealed points of the suspension dryer by an extractor-fan or vacuum blower.
  • a first solution for partial recovery of the drying heat, and to render the volatilized hydrocarbons safe by means of after-burning consists of the system shown diagramatically in FIG. 1, the exhaust gases ofthe dryer are entirely subjected to after-burning and a part of the flue-gas which has been heated for example up to 800C, is directed back into the dryer for the purpose of heating the dryer-atmosphere, while the remaining part of the flue-gas is emitted into the open atmosphere.
  • FIG. 2 Another system to render the polluted drying air safe for the environment, and to partially recover the heat with a less expensive installation, consists in the system shown in FIG. 2; wherein the flue-gas of the entire dryer is subjected to an after-burning phase and the thus produced flue-gas is directed into the open atmosphere through an economizer, whereby the flue-gas heats a heat-carrier in an economizer, for example, a heating-oil, which is supplied to the dryer, in order to retain its oven-temperature at the desired temperature level.
  • an economizer for example, a heating-oil, which is supplied to the dryer, in order to retain its oven-temperature at the desired temperature level.
  • This method due to the low temperature of, for example 300C, does not require conduits of a high heat-resistant steel and ordinary steel products suffice.
  • a further system to render the fluegases safe for the environment and to more efficiently recover more heat than in the two above-described systems of FIGS. 1 and 2, whereby the costs of the installation can be minimized, and whereby difficulties with the retention of the reduced pressure in the dryer can be avoided, consists of the system of FIG. 3 in that all of the flue-gas from the dryer is directed to the apparatus for an after burning process by means of a recuperator, whereby the flue-gases first are directed through the recuperator and then through an economizer for a heat-carrier (thermo-oil) then the flue-gases are exhuasted into the free atmosphere.
  • a recuperator whereby the flue-gases first are directed through the recuperator and then through an economizer for a heat-carrier (thermo-oil) then the flue-gases are exhuasted into the free atmosphere.
  • the inventive method distinguishes over the prior art with regard to heat-balance (thermal balance) as well as with regard to the expenditure for the installation. Since the flue-gas is after-burned immediately from the first section of the dryer, it is possible to maintain the installation on a smaller scale for the after-burning process as well as for the heat-exchanger installed for reheating the dryer air, in contrast to expenditures of prior art methods in which all of the flue-gases of the dryer are after-burned.
  • the inventive method requires a purifyer or wash column for the fluegas from the second section of the dryer, the costs are by far not as high as the additional costs for a device for the after-burning and the heat-exchanger, which must process all of the flue-gases emitted from the dryer apparatus.
  • the total heator thermal-balance in the inventive method compared with the prior art methods is improved, first since the flue-gas from the first section contains more volatile (readily evaporated) concentrations up to the permissible limits so that in the afterburning phase only a small amount of supplemental fuel-gas is required; in general, the light and heavy hydrocarbons deliver the heat for the reheating of the dryer, and secondly since only a part of the column of the exhaust gases received from the dryer will have to pass as flue-gas, a drop in temperature (or heat gradient) twice the size in comparison to the prior art methods, since it has to deliver the heat which is required for the first and the second sections of the dryer.
  • the washed spent air has a high degree of humidity, it is advantageous to mix the after-burned exhaust from the economizer with the spent air which has been washed in the wash column before exhausting into the open atmosphere so that the entire flue-gas/usedair mixture is dehumidified.
  • heating-oil is utilized as the heat-carrier.
  • An installation for performing the preferred method comprises a dryer which is divided into two adjacentlyarranged chambers disposed in the direction the products to be dried therein are moved, whereby the first chamber of the dryer is connected. by means of an exhaust conduit. with a device for after-burning phase, the conduit being series-connected, for the purpose of removing the after-burned spent air, with a heatexchanger for the purpose of reheating the product dryer, and the second chamber having a further exhaust conduit which is connected with a wash-column in which the washedout heavy or less volatile hydrocarbons from the sump of which, via a conduit, the washed out heavy hydrocarbons are supplied to a burner device used for the purpose of after-burning the more volatile exhaust from the first section of the dryer.
  • Embodiments of such installations consist in that the heat-exchanger is an economizer using heating-oil as a heat-carrier, whereby the device for the after-burning process is provided with means for atomizing the heavier hydrocarbons which are extracted from the sump of the wash-column, wherein the device for the after-burning is provided with auxiliary burners, and wherein the outlet of the heat-exchanger for the afterburned spent air and the outlet gas of the wash column for the washed spent exhaust gases terminate into a common flue-gas conduit.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of one proposed dryer installation in which flue-gas is directed back to the dryer section;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another dryer installation in which an economizer is provided between the after-burner and flue-gas outlet and in which a heating oil is used to recover the heat from after-burning of the dryer byproducts or exhaust for heating the dryer;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing still another proposed installation of an after-burning system utilizing a recuperator intermediate and after-burner and economizer for treating the spent air of the dryer;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the preferred embodiment of the after-burning system of the invention.
  • a suspension dryer I is divided into a first section and a second section disposed in series in the direction of the path 2 for the products to be dried therein, for example, impregnated hard carboard, electrical insulating material comprising base-material and insulating varnish, varnished aluminum foil (sheets) etc.
  • the dividing of the dryer 1 into a first and a second section is accomplished in such a way so that in the area of the first section, at temperatures of about C, approximately 95 percent of the light or more volatile hydrocarbons are driven off, while in the second section at temperatures of about C approximately 95 percent of the heavy or less volatile hydrocarbons become volatile and are driven off.
  • a mixing of the dryer air from both sections of the dryer (which occurs with regard to the concentration of the hydrocarbons in both parts of the air of the dryer) generally does not occur since a trnsformation of the dryer air occurs zonally.
  • the dryer must be provided with openings for the path-entry and path-exit for the purpose of the suspended guiding of the products, and on the other hand there should not exit from the opening the dryerair which is mixed with volatiles.
  • the dryer is maintained under low pressure.
  • Fresh air is continuoursly supplied to the dryer by means of the suspended jets or nozzles (not shown) which are necessary for the suspended transport of the products.
  • spent air is continuously removed or drawn from the first and the second section and is directed to an after-burning device 3.
  • the heavy hydrocarbons are sprayed as a fuel into the after-burner device 3 by means of an atomizing nozzle 4.
  • auxiliary burners 5 are provided through which supplemental fuel which is supplied to the device 3 for afterburning exhaust dryer gases.
  • the portion of the extraneous fuels must be sufficient to ignite and retain the burning of the light and heavy hydrocarbons in the device 3.
  • haust air of the dryer are then heating the exhaust since they burn at about 800C.
  • the flue-gases which are heated to this temperature level are taken from the device 3 and are directed through an economizer 6 to which they transfer a large part of their heat to a heatcarrier, for example heating oil, which is circulated via a conduit system 7 to the first and the second section of the dryer 1 to thus maintain the dryer-section atmosphere at predetermined drying temperature levels.
  • a heatcarrier for example heating oil
  • the exhaust gases sucked from the second section of the dryer 1, containing the heavy or less volatile hydrocarbons, are moved through a wash column 8 in which the heavy hydrocarbons are extracted or precipitated by means of water which is sprayed thereinto.
  • the Iiquified heavy hydrocarbons as explained, are drained off in the form of a water slurry and supplied to the after-burner device 3 through nozzle 4 where they are burned.
  • the cleaned humid exhaust gas of the wash column 8 passes into a mutual flue-gas canal l0, joining the dry flue-gases which exit from the economizer 6, whereafter they exit as dehumidified dry flue-gas mixture into the open atmosphere.
  • the dryer utilizes the principal in Fig. 4 of the fact that certain hydrocarbons become volatile at about 130C and are drawn off in the first drying section; accordingly, less heat is required in this section to remove the more volatile byproducts of the drying process; in the second section, the product is subjected to about 160C at which the heavier hydrocarbons become volatile.
  • the exhaust from the second section is washed where the heavier carbons precipitate to a sump and are pumped to a fuel nozzle to be used as a fuel supplementing the fuel at burner 5 in the after-burner 3.
  • the heat produced at the after-burner 3 is recovered at the economizer 6 which includes a circulating heatabsorbing medium which is redirected back to the dryer for heating the respective first and second sections of the dryer; the washed exhaust from washer 8 is combined with the exhaust from the economizer 6 for dehumidification and passes from outlet 10 to the atmosphere and comprises afterburned exhaust (of the lighter hydrocarbons) and washed exhaust (of the heavier hydrocarbons) from respective dryer sections 1 and 2.
  • a method for purifying the exhaust products from drying apparatus for products containing light (lowboiling) and heavy (high-boiling) hydrocarbons which become volative during drying of the products and which are burned in a flame prior to being exhausted into the atmosphere comprising:
  • the method according to claim 1 including the step of supplying sufficient supplemental fuel to the after-burning for igniting and maintaining continuous after-burning of both the light hydrocarbons and the residue including heavy hydrocarbons.
  • Apparatus for purifying the exhaust air from a dryer containing volatile hydrocarbons comprising:
  • individual exhaust conduit means connected to the respective chambers for drawing off exhaust air containing light (low-boiling) hydrocarbons and heavy (high-boiling) hydrocarbons as they become volatile in the respective chambers;
  • after-burning means connected to the conduit receiving the light hydrocarbons for burning the same;
  • washing means connected to the conduit receiving the volatile heavy hydrocarbons for precipitating a residue including heavy hydrocarbons.
  • the apparatus as claimed in claim 5 including sump means operatively connected to said wash means for recovering the precipitated residue including heavy hydrocarbons; and means connected between said sump means and said after-burner means for burning the precipitated residue including heavy hydrocarbons and said light hydrocarbons together in the afterburner means.
  • said heat-exchanger means includes a heat-carrier comprising a heat-absorbing fluid, and means for circulating the heat-absorbing fluid through the heat-exchanger means and about said dryer chambers.
  • the apparatus as claimed in claim 7 including nozzle means connected to the after-burner means and said sump means for directing the precipitated residue including hydrocarbons into the after-burner means.
  • the apparatus as claimed in claim 6 including exhaust gas conduits each respectively connected to one of the washing means and said heat-exchanger means. and a common flue-gas conduit joining the respective exhaust conduits whereby the wet exhaust gas from the washing means and causes products passing through said heat exchanger means are mixed prior to discharge into the atmosphere.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
US430941A 1973-01-05 1974-01-04 Method and apparatus for purifying exhaust air of a dryer apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3875678A (en)

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DE19732300381 DE2300381C3 (de) 1973-01-05 Verfahren und Anlage zum Reinigen der Abluft eines zwei Trocknungsabschnitte aufweisenden Durchlauftrockner

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Cited By (65)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4169321A (en) * 1976-06-16 1979-10-02 Airtech Systems, Inc. Waste heat recycling system
US4231165A (en) * 1977-06-22 1980-11-04 Bruckner Apparatebau Gmbh Process for heat-treating a fabric web
US4339883A (en) * 1979-07-02 1982-07-20 Waldmann Guenter Process and apparatus for the separation of harmful substances from waste gases, particularly in the drying of wood chips
US4565553A (en) * 1984-05-24 1986-01-21 Bildon Ind Inc Method for the removal and disposal of paint solvent
US4926567A (en) * 1985-07-04 1990-05-22 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process and apparatus for drying coated web
US4942676A (en) * 1988-06-07 1990-07-24 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Control system for air flotation dryer with a built-in afterburner
DE3906430A1 (de) * 1989-03-01 1990-09-06 Bookmann Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur katalytischen und/oder thermischen nachverbrennung von prozess-abluft
US5112220A (en) * 1988-06-07 1992-05-12 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Air flotation dryer with built-in afterburner
US5255446A (en) * 1991-11-06 1993-10-26 Vomm Impianti E Processi S.R.L. Method for eliminating pollutants and/or bad-smelling substances from a gaseous flow produced by the drying of a damp substrate
US5263266A (en) * 1988-05-10 1993-11-23 M. Kaindl Holzindustrie Low-emission drying of wood chips
WO1997033702A1 (en) * 1996-03-14 1997-09-18 All In One Microservice, Inc. Method and apparatus for drying and cleaning objects using aerosols
US5685086A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-11-11 Ferrell; Gary W. Method and apparatus for drying objects using aerosols
US5741340A (en) * 1995-08-18 1998-04-21 Klemmer; Roland Air venting unit
WO1999015845A1 (en) * 1997-09-23 1999-04-01 Ferrell Gary W Improved chemical drying and cleaning system
US5974689A (en) * 1997-09-23 1999-11-02 Gary W. Farrell Chemical drying and cleaning system
US6302188B1 (en) 1998-04-28 2001-10-16 Megtec Systems, Inc. Multi-layer heat exchange bed containing structured media and randomly packed media
US20070219279A1 (en) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-20 Leveson Philip D Method for enhancing catalyst selectivity
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US3472498A (en) * 1967-12-08 1969-10-14 Gas Processors Inc Air pollutant incineration
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Cited By (68)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4169321A (en) * 1976-06-16 1979-10-02 Airtech Systems, Inc. Waste heat recycling system
US4231165A (en) * 1977-06-22 1980-11-04 Bruckner Apparatebau Gmbh Process for heat-treating a fabric web
US4339883A (en) * 1979-07-02 1982-07-20 Waldmann Guenter Process and apparatus for the separation of harmful substances from waste gases, particularly in the drying of wood chips
US4565553A (en) * 1984-05-24 1986-01-21 Bildon Ind Inc Method for the removal and disposal of paint solvent
US4926567A (en) * 1985-07-04 1990-05-22 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process and apparatus for drying coated web
US5263266A (en) * 1988-05-10 1993-11-23 M. Kaindl Holzindustrie Low-emission drying of wood chips
US4942676A (en) * 1988-06-07 1990-07-24 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Control system for air flotation dryer with a built-in afterburner
US5112220A (en) * 1988-06-07 1992-05-12 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Air flotation dryer with built-in afterburner
DE3906430A1 (de) * 1989-03-01 1990-09-06 Bookmann Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur katalytischen und/oder thermischen nachverbrennung von prozess-abluft
US5255446A (en) * 1991-11-06 1993-10-26 Vomm Impianti E Processi S.R.L. Method for eliminating pollutants and/or bad-smelling substances from a gaseous flow produced by the drying of a damp substrate
US5685086A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-11-11 Ferrell; Gary W. Method and apparatus for drying objects using aerosols
US5741340A (en) * 1995-08-18 1998-04-21 Klemmer; Roland Air venting unit
WO1997033702A1 (en) * 1996-03-14 1997-09-18 All In One Microservice, Inc. Method and apparatus for drying and cleaning objects using aerosols
WO1999015845A1 (en) * 1997-09-23 1999-04-01 Ferrell Gary W Improved chemical drying and cleaning system
US5974689A (en) * 1997-09-23 1999-11-02 Gary W. Farrell Chemical drying and cleaning system
US6302188B1 (en) 1998-04-28 2001-10-16 Megtec Systems, Inc. Multi-layer heat exchange bed containing structured media and randomly packed media
US20070219279A1 (en) * 2006-03-03 2007-09-20 Leveson Philip D Method for enhancing catalyst selectivity
US7993599B2 (en) * 2006-03-03 2011-08-09 Zeropoint Clean Tech, Inc. Method for enhancing catalyst selectivity
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Also Published As

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JPS553607B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-01-25
DE2300381B2 (de) 1975-07-17
DE2300381A1 (de) 1974-07-25
JPS507151A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-24

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