US3875411A - X-ray apparatus - Google Patents

X-ray apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3875411A
US3875411A US392754A US39275473A US3875411A US 3875411 A US3875411 A US 3875411A US 392754 A US392754 A US 392754A US 39275473 A US39275473 A US 39275473A US 3875411 A US3875411 A US 3875411A
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United States
Prior art keywords
signal
diaphragm
size
dimensions
radiography
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Expired - Lifetime
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US392754A
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English (en)
Inventor
Heinz-Peter Kunert
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/06—Diaphragms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/02—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators
    • G21K1/04—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating using diaphragms, collimators using variable diaphragms, shutters, choppers

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT 52 us. 01 250/402, 250/415, 250/511 X-ray apparatus Provided with an excessive-size indi- 151 1m. (:1. G031) 41/16 cation which gives a Signal to the radiologist when the [58] Fi ld of S h 250/402 416 51 1 512 cross-sectional area of the beam used for fluoroscopic 250 513 5 4 examination exceeds the size of the radiograph to be made.
  • the invention relates to an X-ray apparatus having a first pair of diaphragm blades which are adapted to be displaced by a motor and serve to limit an X-ray beam in the horizontal direction and a second pair of diaphragm blades which are adapted to be displaced by a motor and serve to limit the X-ray beam in the vertical direction.
  • a servo-control system being provided for displacing the diaphragm blades so as to limit the beam to a size required for making a radiograph, in which a motor displaces the diaphragm blades until a direct voltage which depends upon the positions of the associated diaphragm blades corresponds to a control voltage which depends upon the size of the radiograph to be made, said X-ray apparatus being further provided with a control device for displacing the diaphragm blades independently of the size of the radiograph to be made.
  • this problem is solved in that a comparison device is provided which is arranged to compare the direct voltages which on operation of the control devices, result from the positions of the diaphragm blades with the control voltages and to control an indicating device, the arrangement being such that an indication is given when the height or the width of the size of the radiograph to be made is smaller than the corresponding dimension of the X-ray beam as limited by the diaphragm.
  • FIG. 1 is a simplified block-schematic diagram of a known X-ray apparatus
  • FIG. 2 is an embodiment ofa circuit arrangement according to the invention to be added to the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
  • an X-ray apparatus comprises two pairs of diaphragm blades 11 and 21, which are inserted in the ray path and determine the width and the height respectively of the X-ray beam.
  • the diaphragm blades are displaceable by means of motors 12 and 22. These motors are controlled by control amplifiers l3 and 23 respectively.
  • the motors l2 and 22 each displace a tapping on a potentiometer 14 and 24 respectively connected to the input of the associated control amplifier 13 and 23 respectively.
  • the control amplifiers 13 and 23 each compare the voltage set up at the tapping on the potentiometer 14 and 24 respectively (actual value) with another voltage (desired value), the motors l2 and 22 each running in a direction such that the said other voltage becomes equal to the voltage set up at the potentiometer 14 and 24 respectively.
  • the resulting positions of the diaphragm blade pairs 11 and 21 consequently each depend upon the value of the voltage which via a switch 17 and 27 respectively is applied to the control amplifier 13 and 23 respectively, the said switches each connecting the input of the associated control amplifier either to the tapping on a potentiometer l5 and 25 respectively or to a signalling source 16 and 26 respectively.
  • the signalling sources 16 and 26 each supply a direct voltage which is dependent upon the width and the height respectively of the size of the radiograph (which width and height are determined by the width and the height respectively of the cassette and by the preselected division).
  • the cross-sectional area of the X-ray beam as limited by the diaphragm 11, 21 corresponds to the size of the radiograph when the switches 17 and 27 establish connections to the signalling sources 16 and 26 respectively.
  • the inputs of the control amplifiers l3 and 23 are connected via the switches 17 and 27 respectively to the tappings on the potentiometers 15 and 25 respectively, the radiologist can himself determine the cross sectional area of the X-ray beam by displacing the tappings on the otentiometers.
  • radiography is preceded by fluoroscopy, permitting the radiologist to obtain optimum setting of the diaphragm by displacing the tappings on the potentiometers l5 and 25 whilst looking at the image on the fluoroscope.
  • the switches 17 and 27 are automatically changed over to the signal sources 16 and 26, so that before radiography is started the diaphragm is automatically set to the size required for making a radiograph.
  • FIG. 2 shows a comparison circuit (comparator) l to which are applied a voltage U which is derived from the tapping on the potentiometer l4 and is proportional to the width of the fluoroscopic image and a control voltage U which is supplied by the signalling source 16 and is proportional to the width of the size of the radiograph.
  • a voltage U which is derived from the tapping on the potentiometer 24 and is proportional to the height of the fluoroscopic image and a control voltage U supplied by the signalling source 26 are applied to a comparison device 2.
  • the comparison devices 1 and 2 each provide a binary output signal, i.e.
  • the out puts of the comparison devices 1 and 2 are connected to an OR-gate 3 the output circuit of which includes an indicating lamp 4.
  • the lamp will be illuminated if to at least one of the inputs a 1" is applied, i.e. when the width and/or the height of the fluoroscopic image exceeds the corresponding dimension of the size of the radiograph to be made.
  • the comparison devices must supply the logic signal 1 when the voltage U 38 or U is smaller than the control voltage U KB or U K respectively.
  • the invention may be used in X-ray apparatus in which the cross-sectional area of the X-ray beam is limited by a diaphragm provided on the cassette-holder of the apparatus (secondary diaphragm) and in X-ray apparatus in which the cross sectional area of the X-ray beam is limited by a diaphragm mounted on the X-ray tube and hence remote from the film (primary diaphragm); in the latter case the setting of the diaphragm ll, 21 required for a predetermined size of a radiograph and hence the values of the control voltages U and U depend upon the spacing between the diaphragm and the cassette holder of the X-ray apparatus, so that these voltages are to be varied with variation of this spacing in a known manner (see for example US. Pat. Nos. 3511995 and 3,502.878).
  • the invention has been described with reference to an X-ray apparatus in which the displacement of the diaphragm blades (by means of the potentiometers l and 25) is effected via a servo-control system during fluoroscopic examination, the invention may also be used in X-ray apparatus in which this displacement is performed by means of a motor not provided with servo-control and in which consequently the control circuit of the servo-control system is interrupted during fluoroscopic examination (thus the servo-control system operates only after the change-over to radiographic operation).
  • the tappings on the potentiometers l4 and 24 should of course in the case to be displaced by the motors l2 and 22 respectively.
  • apparatus for controlling said adjustable diaphragm and for alerting an operator when the display during fluoroscopy is larger than what would be recorded during radiography, comprising:
  • a servo system controlling said adjustable diaphragm in accordance with an input signal supplied thereto;
  • switching means for supplying as said input signal to said servo system during fluoroscopy said second signal and during radiography said first signal
  • comparing means responsive to said first and second signals during fluoroscopy for producing a suitable output signal when the beam size which corresponds to said second signal exceeds the beam size which corresponds to said first signal;
  • visual indicating means responsive to said output signal for alerting an operator that the display during fluoroscopy is larger than what would be recorded during radiography.
  • X-ray apparatus having both fluoroscopy and radiography capability and having a diaphragm adjust able separately in two dimensions controlling the X-ray beam size separately in two dimensions

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
US392754A 1972-09-30 1973-08-29 X-ray apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3875411A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19722248101 DE2248101B2 (de) 1972-09-30 1972-09-30 Blendeneinstelleinrichtung eines roentgenzielgeraetes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3875411A true US3875411A (en) 1975-04-01

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ID=5857902

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US392754A Expired - Lifetime US3875411A (en) 1972-09-30 1973-08-29 X-ray apparatus

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3875411A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (1) JPS5325760B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
BE (1) BE805511A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CA (1) CA987797A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
DE (1) DE2248101B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR2201065B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
GB (1) GB1439203A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
IT (1) IT1004589B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
SE (1) SE383095B (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4027166A (en) * 1974-05-02 1977-05-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Radiological measuring arrangement
US4577341A (en) * 1982-03-17 1986-03-18 U.S. Philips Corporation Diaphragm arrangement for X-ray spot-film device
EP0262522A1 (de) * 1986-09-30 1988-04-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Zahnärztliche Röntgendiagnostikeinrichtung

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE423458B (sv) * 1980-09-10 1982-05-03 Agne Larsson Anordning vid en kamera innefattande en manghalskollimator
FR2657771B1 (fr) * 1990-02-08 1998-01-30 Gen Electric Cgr Appareil de radiologie avec diaphragme a ouverture automatique.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206604A (en) * 1962-11-13 1965-09-14 Gen Electric Adjustable x-ray field defining cone and field size indicating means
US3502878A (en) * 1967-09-22 1970-03-24 Us Health Education & Welfare Automatic x-ray apparatus for limiting the field size of a projected x-ray beam in response to film size and to source-to-film distance
US3581094A (en) * 1968-11-07 1971-05-25 Machlett Lab Inc X-ray apparatus
US3643095A (en) * 1969-11-28 1972-02-15 Picker Corp Automatic collimator control for x-ray apparatus

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3546463A (en) * 1968-11-22 1970-12-08 Westinghouse Electric Corp Servomotor-operated x-ray shutter control system for use with a spotfilm device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206604A (en) * 1962-11-13 1965-09-14 Gen Electric Adjustable x-ray field defining cone and field size indicating means
US3502878A (en) * 1967-09-22 1970-03-24 Us Health Education & Welfare Automatic x-ray apparatus for limiting the field size of a projected x-ray beam in response to film size and to source-to-film distance
US3581094A (en) * 1968-11-07 1971-05-25 Machlett Lab Inc X-ray apparatus
US3643095A (en) * 1969-11-28 1972-02-15 Picker Corp Automatic collimator control for x-ray apparatus

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4027166A (en) * 1974-05-02 1977-05-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Radiological measuring arrangement
US4577341A (en) * 1982-03-17 1986-03-18 U.S. Philips Corporation Diaphragm arrangement for X-ray spot-film device
EP0262522A1 (de) * 1986-09-30 1988-04-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Zahnärztliche Röntgendiagnostikeinrichtung
US4870673A (en) * 1986-09-30 1989-09-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dental x-ray installation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5325760B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1978-07-28
FR2201065A1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-04-26
BE805511A (fr) 1974-03-28
GB1439203A (en) 1976-06-16
DE2248101A1 (de) 1974-04-04
FR2201065B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1977-09-09
CA987797A (en) 1976-04-20
SE383095B (sv) 1976-03-01
JPS4973990A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-07-17
DE2248101B2 (de) 1977-06-23
IT1004589B (it) 1976-07-20

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