US3875408A - Method and device for ascertaining thermal constrasts - Google Patents

Method and device for ascertaining thermal constrasts Download PDF

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Publication number
US3875408A
US3875408A US377710A US37771073A US3875408A US 3875408 A US3875408 A US 3875408A US 377710 A US377710 A US 377710A US 37771073 A US37771073 A US 37771073A US 3875408 A US3875408 A US 3875408A
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Prior art keywords
detector
spherical
detector system
diaphragm
filter
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Expired - Lifetime
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US377710A
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English (en)
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Gunter Pusch
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Priority claimed from DE2233820A external-priority patent/DE2233820A1/de
Priority claimed from DE2233870A external-priority patent/DE2233870C3/de
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Assigned to PUSCH, KLAUS-WERNER reassignment PUSCH, KLAUS-WERNER AGREEMENT DATED 5-25-87, ASSIGNING THE ENTIRE INTEREST OF SAID PATENTS, SEE RECORD DETAILS Assignors: PUSCH, DR.-ING. GUNTER
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/06—Arrangements for eliminating effects of disturbing radiation; Arrangements for compensating changes in sensitivity
    • G01J5/061—Arrangements for eliminating effects of disturbing radiation; Arrangements for compensating changes in sensitivity by controlling the temperature of the apparatus or parts thereof, e.g. using cooling means or thermostats
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/06—Arrangements for eliminating effects of disturbing radiation; Arrangements for compensating changes in sensitivity
    • G01J5/064—Ambient temperature sensor; Housing temperature sensor; Constructional details thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
    • G01J5/0801—Means for wavelength selection or discrimination
    • G01J5/0802—Optical filters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
    • G01J5/0806—Focusing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or concave mirrors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
    • G01J5/0815—Light concentrators, collectors or condensers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
    • G01J5/0846—Optical arrangements having multiple detectors for performing different types of detection, e.g. using radiometry and reflectometry channels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/02—Constructional details
    • G01J5/08—Optical arrangements
    • G01J5/0893—Arrangements to attach devices to a pyrometer, i.e. attaching an optical interface; Spatial relative arrangement of optical elements, e.g. folded beam path

Definitions

  • thermocontrasts A method of and device for ascertaining thermal constrasts, according to which the reception of thermal 65 3 523 radiation is limited to the through passage region of an 158 Field of Search 250/338, 340, 341, 342, amwspherc 14 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures METHOD AND DEVICE FOR ASCERTAINING THERMAL CONSTRASTS
  • the present invention relates to a method and device for ascertaining thermocontrasts with which the thermodisturbing radiation of the atmosphere is not received outside an atmospheric window.
  • thermoconstrast sensitivity of corresponding devices results in a considerable reduction in the thermoconstrast sensitivity of corresponding devices. This also applies to detectors which operate in atmospheric windows of 5 to 14 pm when their sensitivity exists beyond the atmospheric window.
  • an object of the present invention to provide a method and a device which will to a major extent avoid this disturbing radiation and will thereby bring about an increase in the thermocontrast sensitivity of heat detecting devices.
  • FlG diagrammatically illustrates a detector according to the invention with a spherical apertured partition, or aperture, and with a reflection filter preceding same.
  • FIG. 2 shows the structural combination of the apertured partition and the reflection filter.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the arrangement of a series detector.
  • thermoradiation is limited to the through passage range of an atmospheric window. If this is effected, the disturbing radiation of the absorbing gases (CO and H 0), the wave length of which exceeds 5.2 pm is automatically excluded from being received.
  • the method may be practiced in various manners.
  • the maximum of the sensitivity of an [R detector can be placed into the atmospheric window itself. It is even possible to permit the drop of the sensitivity above the window to follow approximately the same stiffness as the through passage curve of the window.
  • CdHgzHgTe detectors are suggested.
  • the through passage curve of the window will not always or only approximately be obtainable, which fact brings about a more or less strong reception of residual disturbing radiation of the atmosphere.
  • the detector is preceded by an optical high or band-pass filter which forms a unit with the detector and is transparent only in the atmospheric window.
  • the marginal line of the filter is expediently so designed that it has at least on one side, preferably on the long wave side, approximately the same drop characteristic as the atmospheric window.
  • the filters are designed as reflection filters, which in the stop-band range have the properties of reflecting surfaces. If such filter is designed spherically and if the detector is located in the center of this sphere. it will by autocollimation see itself and thus its own temperature. By this step it will be possible also to employ noncooled filters.
  • this orifice is designed as spherical orifice having the detector arranged in the center thereof so that the detector will be in auto-collimation. In this instance, a cooling of the orifice may be omitted.
  • the spherical reflection filter is built into the opening of the orifice so that reflection filter and orifice will in the stop-band range form a reflecting ball cup.
  • a series detector is employed as receiving element, which series detector comprises a major portion of individual detector elements. With such an arrangement, it is possible to bring each detector element precisely to auto-collimation. According to a further feature of the invention, in this instance the detector row is adjusted symmetrically to the center point so that detector elements located in the stopband range of the filter located symmetrically to the center point will form an image to each other and will see their mutually same temperature.
  • the inner disturbance radiation of the device is likewise eliminated because the detector elements can form an image to each other only through the spherical aperture and thereby cannot receive the inner disturbing radiation of the device.
  • a considerable advantage of the invention consists in that the presently customary cooled apertures and filters will be avoided. It will be realized that the outer disturbing radiation of the atmosphere as well as the inner disturbing radiation of the devices cannot reach the detector. This, however, brings about a considerable increase in the contrast sensitivity of the devices. If. as detector material, there is used CdHg:HgTe, in the window of 4 pm with this detector, a thermoelectric cooling to approximately 40C will be satisfactory. Furthermore, this detector material has the advantage that by suitable selection of the composition it can be displaced in the spectral range in an optimum manner.
  • the mirror arrangement is so selected that a non-sharp picture is obtained of the detector, which lack of sharpness, however, is not greater than the detector. It is still better when the size of the non-sharp zone corresponds to the cooled surface on which the detector is located. If a plurality of detectors are combined to a group, for instance to form a series, expediently the non-sharp zone is expanded to the cooling surface of the entire detector group. In view of this new arrangement, with detectors combined to a group, especially with series detectors, an overspeaking of one detector to an adjacent detector will be prevented or at least greatly reduced.
  • the IR detector 1 is located in the center of a spherical pin hole diaphragm 4, the aperature of which is defined by the marginal rays 5 and 6 of the objective 2.
  • the IR detector l is likewise located in the center point of the spherical reflection filter 3, the rim of which is likewise defined by the aperature of the objective.
  • the aperature angle depends on the optical requirements of the concept of the device and ordinarily amounts to from 30 to 45.
  • the pin hole diaphragm 4 and the reflection filter 3 are, in this instance, designed separately of each other, but are located on the same optical axis.
  • the reflection filter 3 is built into the opening of the pin hole diaphragm 4 and together with the latter forms a unitary structure.
  • the series detector 1 as shown in FIG. 3 carries a plu rality of detector elements a to e and a'to F.
  • the detector l is adjusted in the center of the spherical ball mirror 4 or the reflection filter 3 in such a way that a picture of the detector element a is formed on the element a, a picture of the detector element b on the element 5, etc. and vice versa. in this way, the various detector elements see each other, and inasmuch as they are arranged on a common cooled carrier or support, they also see their own temperature.
  • a cooler 7 is fastened to the base plate 8 while the cold side of the cooler is connected to the detector 1.
  • the interior of the detector housing is expediently filled with protective gas so that when the detector cools off, a humidity deposit will be avoided.
  • a method of ascertaining thermal contrasts which includes a. the step of limiting the reception of thermal radiation to the through-passage region of an atmospheric window from 3.0 to 4.2 pm wavelength and thereby excluding the disturbing radiation of the absorbing gases (CO and H 0) from being received,
  • An lR-detector system for ascertaining thermal contrasts which includes means for limiting the reception of thermal radiation to the through-passage region of an atmospheric window from 3.0 to 4.2 pm wavelength and a detector having maximum sensitivity in an upper region of said atmospheric window.
  • a detector system in which the composition of the material of said detector is such that the drop of the sensitivity of said detector at the 4.2-side of said window follows approximately the same steepness as the through passage curve of said window.
  • a detector system which includes an optical filter arranged in front of said detector and being transparent only in said atmospheric window, said filter having a drop characteristic which approximately equals the drop characteristic at the 4.2- side of said atmospheric window.
  • a detector system in which said optical filter is designed as reflection filter and outside said atmospheric window has a mirroring reflection in the direction of said detector system.
  • a detector system in which said optical filter is spherical, and in which said detector is located at the spherical center of said optical filter.
  • a detector system which includes a spherical mirroring apertured diaphragm, and in which said detector is located in the center of said diaphragm.
  • a detector system which includes a spherical reflection filter, and a spherical mirroring apertured diaphragm, said reflection filter being coaxially arranged in the aperture of said diaphragm.
  • a detector system which includes a spherical optical filter and a spherical mirroring apertured diaphragm, and in which the detector is a series detector adjusted symmetrically with regard to the spherical center of said mirroring apertured diaphragm so that detector elements located in the blocking range of said mirroring apertured diaphragm mirror each other.
  • a detector system which includes a pinhole diaphragm, and in which in the through-passage region of said filter the detector elements mirror each other by means of said pinhole diaphragm.
  • a detector system which includes surface means having said detector arranged thereon, and which includes cooling means for cooling said surface means, said unsharp image of said detector not exceeding said cooled surface means.
  • thermo-electric cooling means thermo-electric cooling means

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
US377710A 1972-07-10 1973-07-09 Method and device for ascertaining thermal constrasts Expired - Lifetime US3875408A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2233820A DE2233820A1 (de) 1972-07-10 1972-07-10 Ir-detektor fuer den empfang optimalen temperaturkontrastes
DE2233870A DE2233870C3 (de) 1972-07-10 1972-07-10 Optisches Verfahren zur Erkennung thermischer Kontraste

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3875408A true US3875408A (en) 1975-04-01

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US377710A Expired - Lifetime US3875408A (en) 1972-07-10 1973-07-09 Method and device for ascertaining thermal constrasts

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3875408A (he)
CH (1) CH564764A5 (he)
FR (1) FR2192300B1 (he)
GB (1) GB1445401A (he)
IL (1) IL42690A0 (he)
IT (1) IT991070B (he)
NL (1) NL7309609A (he)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4025793A (en) * 1975-10-20 1977-05-24 Santa Barbara Research Center Radiation detector with improved electrical interconnections
US4073985A (en) * 1976-07-14 1978-02-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Composite dome
EP0044791A1 (fr) * 1980-07-22 1982-01-27 Thomson-Csf Dispositif détecteur de rayonnement infrarouge
EP0253002A1 (de) * 1986-07-12 1988-01-20 Günter Dr.-Ing. Pusch Vorrichtung zur Erkennung thermischer Kontraste
EP0290751A2 (de) * 1987-05-15 1988-11-17 Steinheil Optronik Gmbh Infrarot-Strahlungsdetektor
US5055685A (en) * 1989-12-01 1991-10-08 Optex Co., Ltd. Infrared detecting apparatus
DE4012615A1 (de) * 1990-04-20 1991-10-24 T Elektronik Gmbh As Kombinierte beruehrungslose temperaturmessmethode in der halbleiterprozesstechnik
US20060231763A1 (en) * 2005-04-13 2006-10-19 Walters Robert E Infrared detecting apparatus
US20070007449A1 (en) * 2005-06-23 2007-01-11 Gfg Gesellschaft Fuer Geraetebau Mbh Optical analysis device

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3220010A (en) * 1963-02-18 1965-11-23 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Azimuth-elevation plotter
US3418478A (en) * 1966-08-29 1968-12-24 Barnes Eng Co Horizon sensor using two stationary fields of view separated by a fixed elevation angle which are alternately sampled
US3513312A (en) * 1968-11-27 1970-05-19 Barnes Eng Co Pyroelectric infrared radiation detection system for the elimination of stray radiation absorption
US3694654A (en) * 1971-05-12 1972-09-26 James D Crownover Long wavelength infrared test set

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3220010A (en) * 1963-02-18 1965-11-23 Lockheed Aircraft Corp Azimuth-elevation plotter
US3418478A (en) * 1966-08-29 1968-12-24 Barnes Eng Co Horizon sensor using two stationary fields of view separated by a fixed elevation angle which are alternately sampled
US3513312A (en) * 1968-11-27 1970-05-19 Barnes Eng Co Pyroelectric infrared radiation detection system for the elimination of stray radiation absorption
US3694654A (en) * 1971-05-12 1972-09-26 James D Crownover Long wavelength infrared test set

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4025793A (en) * 1975-10-20 1977-05-24 Santa Barbara Research Center Radiation detector with improved electrical interconnections
US4073985A (en) * 1976-07-14 1978-02-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Composite dome
EP0044791A1 (fr) * 1980-07-22 1982-01-27 Thomson-Csf Dispositif détecteur de rayonnement infrarouge
FR2487512A1 (fr) * 1980-07-22 1982-01-29 Thomson Csf Dispositif detecteur de rayonnement infrarouge
US4420688A (en) * 1980-07-22 1983-12-13 Thomson-Csf Device for detecting infrared radiation
EP0253002A1 (de) * 1986-07-12 1988-01-20 Günter Dr.-Ing. Pusch Vorrichtung zur Erkennung thermischer Kontraste
EP0290751A2 (de) * 1987-05-15 1988-11-17 Steinheil Optronik Gmbh Infrarot-Strahlungsdetektor
EP0290751A3 (en) * 1987-05-15 1990-07-11 Steinheil Optronik Gmbh Detecting device for infrared radiation
US5055685A (en) * 1989-12-01 1991-10-08 Optex Co., Ltd. Infrared detecting apparatus
DE4012615A1 (de) * 1990-04-20 1991-10-24 T Elektronik Gmbh As Kombinierte beruehrungslose temperaturmessmethode in der halbleiterprozesstechnik
DE4012615C2 (he) * 1990-04-20 1992-07-16 A.S.T. Elektronik Gmbh, 7900 Ulm, De
US20060231763A1 (en) * 2005-04-13 2006-10-19 Walters Robert E Infrared detecting apparatus
US7297953B2 (en) 2005-04-13 2007-11-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Infrared detecting apparatus
US20070007449A1 (en) * 2005-06-23 2007-01-11 Gfg Gesellschaft Fuer Geraetebau Mbh Optical analysis device
US7498575B2 (en) * 2005-06-23 2009-03-03 GFG Gesellschaft für Gerätebau mbH Optical analysis device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2192300B1 (he) 1977-02-18
IT991070B (it) 1975-07-30
NL7309609A (he) 1974-01-14
GB1445401A (en) 1976-08-11
IL42690A0 (en) 1974-03-14
CH564764A5 (he) 1975-07-31
FR2192300A1 (he) 1974-02-08

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