Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M3/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single liquid substances
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/022—Ethene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/024—Propene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/026—Butene
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
  • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2205/14—Synthetic waxes, e.g. polythene waxes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
  • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
  • C10M2207/024—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having at least two phenol groups but no condensed ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
  • C10M2211/024—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aromatic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2213/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2213/02—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained from monomers containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2213/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2213/06—Perfluoro polymers
  • C10M2213/062—Polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
  • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Definitions

• FLAME RESISTANT HYDRAULIC FLUID Inventors: Henry E. Bieber, deceased, late of Mickleton, N.J.; by Mrs. Edward Sierer, executrix, State College, Pa.
• ABSTRACT A flame resistant fluid useful in hydraulic systems, the fluid comprising a major amount of a synthetic hydrocarbon oil having at least 30 carbon atoms in each molecule, and a small amount of a mixture comprising chlorinated. polyphenyls and a trihydrocarbon phosphate.
• This invention relates to flame resistant fluids. It more particularly relates to fluids to which have been added minor amounts of an additive mixture having the ability to impart flame resistance and other desirable characteristics thereto.
• Lubricants useful as hydraulic fluids, and especially as such in aircraft, must have a high degree of flame resistance. This includes resistance to flaming from frictional heat, or, in the case of military aircraft, from incendiary projectiles.
• U.S. Pat. No. 3,280,031 discloses the use of certain synthetic hydrocarbons, including decene trimers, with an organic ester of phosphorous acid as hydraulic fluids.
• U.S. Pat. No. 3,136,726 relates to a flame resistant and explosion resistant fluid comprising a mixture of a chlorinated biphenyl and a triaryl or monoalkyl diaryl phosphate. In the mixture, each component is present in about equal weight percents. It is well-known in the art, however (see for examples U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,432,436 and 3,432,437), that such mixtures, while they provide excellent flame and explosion resistant fluids, have limited application at temperatures of F and below. This is due in large measure to their relatively high viscosity characteristics and their tendency to crystallize out or form solids at such low temperatures.
• U.S. Pat. No. 3,496,107 discloses the same chlorinated biphenylphosphate blend with from 20 to 30 parts by weight of a petroleum-base oil.
• the compositions disclosed must have at least 35 parts by weight of the chlorinated member.
• a liquid flame resistant fluid composition comprising a major proportion of a synthetic hydrocarbon fluid containing at least 30 carbon atoms in each molecule, and minor amounts of a chlorinated polyphenyl and a trihydrocarbon phosphate.
• the synthetic hydrocarbons which may be used are of the type normally made by polymerizing olefins in the presence of a suitable catalyst, such as BF or AICIg. Those necessary in the practice of this invention must contain at least 30 carbon atoms. The preferred member is one made by trimerizing decene.
• the synthetic hydrocarbon, or polyolefin, suitable for use in this invention may have an upper limit of about carbon atoms. Such hydrocarbon fluids retain their fluidity at the lower temperatures and are enhanced in their resistance to flame and explosion hazards.
• Synthetic hydrocarbons having the requisite number of carbon atoms per molecule may be prepared from a variety of monoolefins.
• the lower olefins may be used, as for example ethylene, propylene, butylene and the like, provided the degree of polymerization is sufficient.
• the chlorinated polyphenyls suitable for use in the fluid composition of the invention are those containing from 1 to about 5 chlorine atoms per molecule.
• the respective chloro derivatives consist primarily or substantially entirely of chlorine substituted on the aromatic rings, and in each case the chlorinated polyphenyl can be either a particular selected isomer or compound, or it can be a mixture of isomers, an unresolved mixture of isomers or a mixture of chlorinated polyphenyls of varying numbers in the molecule.
• the preferred chlorinated biphenyl is one having substantially 2 chlorine atoms in the molecule, with the total thereof being about 30 percent by weight of such molecule.
• Such chlorinated biphenyl can be either the specific dichloro biphenyl derivative or a mixture of chlorinated biphenyls averaging about 2 chlorine atoms per molecule.
• Arochlor 1221, 1232, 1242, 1248 and 1254 refer to those biphenyls having about 21, 32, 42, 48 and 54 percent of chlorine, respectively. If one desires to prepare his own chlorinated biphenyl, it may be made in a manner well known to the art, i.e., by chlorinating a biphenyl.
• the preferred terphenyl is also available under the tradename Arochlor 5442, which is a terphenyl containing about 42 percent of chlorine.
• the proportion of chlorinated biphenyl or terphenyl will generally be from about 2 to about 7 percent by weight of the composition. Preferably, the composition should contain no more than about 5 percent of either member.
• trihydrocarbon phosphates suitable for use in this invention are those conforming to the formula wherein all of the R groups may be the same or different substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon radicals.
• R more specifically may be aromatic in character and be selected from phenyl, naphthyl, cresyl, xylyl and the like.
• Among the compounds which may be derived from such groups may be mentioned triphenyl phosphate, trinaphthyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, trixylyl phosphate, diphenyl cresyl or dicresyl phenyl phosphate, cresyl dixylyl or xylyl dicresyl phosphate, naphthyl diphenyl phosphate, and the like.
• the tricresyl phosphate is preferred.
• R likewise may be aliphatic and selected from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl and higher members up to about 12 carbon atoms.
• the preferred aliphatic member is tributyl phosphate.
• Such phosphates may be used in concentrations ranging from about 0.20 to about percent by weight of the composition. Preferred in this range is a weight percent of from about 0.25 to about 3.
• this invention contemplates the use of mixtures of the chlorinated polyphenyls as well as mixtures of the trihydrocarbon phosphates.
• the total amount of both need not exceed about percent by weight of the total composition.
• the phosphates, when in combination, preferably will constitute no more than the stated 5 percent by weight.
• composition may also contain additives to impart other desirable properties to the fluid, such as for example antioxidants.
• additives such as for example antioxidants.
• One such antioxidant which may be mentioned is 4,4-methylenebis(2,6-ditertbutylphenol).
• EXAMPLE 1 91.5 percent by weight polydecene'lubricant, made from a fluid which is about 85 percent decene trimer, the remainder being mostly the decene tetramer.
• the fluid typically has a KV at 100F of about 21 cs and a KV at 210F of about 4 cs;
• EXAMPLE 2 88.75 percent by weight of a polydecene lubricant, made from a fluid which is substantially decene trimer.
• the fluid has a KV of 2406 cs at -40F, 18.11 cs at 100F and 3.93 cs at 210F;
• Manifold Ignition Test This method is used for determining the relative flammability of a liquid in contact with a hot surface and is run in accordance with Federal Test Method Standard No. 791B, Method 6053 (l/15/69). Essentially, the procedure involves heating a tube to about 1,300F and dropping 10 ml portions of the test liquid at a rate of 10 ml in 40 to 60 seconds from various heights onto various points on the tube. In this test, the blend of Example 1 ignites on contact with the tube, but is self-extinguishing after dripping from the tube.
• Example 1 Low Temperature Spray Ignition The low temperature test is run in a manner similar to the one immediately above, but with a cooler flame. In this test, the blend of Example 1 is ignited and is carried toward the hood wall in a continuous sheet of flame, but is extinguished before reaching it.
• Wick Flammability Test A device similar to the one described in Federal Test Method Standard No. 791B, Method 352 (l/l5/69) was set up.
• the device comprised an electric windshield wiper and a bunsen burner. Wicks (pipe cleaners) were soaked in the test blend and were inserted in the wiper, which was set up so that this cleaner passed through the center of the flame at the reversing point of the cycle. It was found that 12 passes and 10 passes through the flame were required to obtain continuous burn for the blends of Example 1 and Example 2, respectively.
• the fluids of this invention possess excellent rubber swell characteristics, as determined by standard rubbet-swell tests, as, for example, outlined in Federal Test Method Standard 791, Method 3603. Using such method with the blend of Example 1, results showed that a sample of rubber swelled 19.7 percent at 158F in 168 hours and 11.7 percent at 275F in 72 hours. With the blend of Example 2, the rubber swelled 18.2 percent at 156F in 168 hours.
• a liquid flame resistant composition comprising from about 0.20 to about 5 percent by weight of a triaryl or trialkyl phosphate, from 2 to about 10 percent by weight of a chlorinated polyphenyl, the remainder being a polymerized olefin fluid containing at least 30 carbon atoms.
• composition of claiml wherein the said polymeric olefin has from about 30 to about carbon atoms.
• composition of claim 1 wherein the polymeric olefin is a decene trimer.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said chlorinated polyphenyl is chlorinated biphenyl containing from 1 to about 5 chlorine atoms per molecule.
• composition of claim 4 wherein the chlorinated biphenyl contains about 2 chlorine atoms per molecule.
• composition of claim 1 wherein the aryl group is a cresyl group.
• composition of claim 4 wherein the alkyl group is butyl.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said chlorinated polyphenyl is present to the extent of from about 2 to about 7 percent by weight thereof.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said triaryl or trialkyl phosphate is present to the extent of from about 0.5 to about 5 percent by weight thereof.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said polymeric olefin is a mixture of decene trimers and tetramers, said chlorinated polyphenyl is a biphenyl con taining about 30 percent chlorine and said triaryl phosphate is tricresyl phosphate.
• composition of claim 1 wherein said polymeric olefin is a substantially decene trimer, said chlorinated polyphenyl is a mixture thereof and said phosphate is a mixture thereof.
• composition of claim 11 wherein the mixture of chlorinated polyphenyls is a mixture of a chlorinated biphenyl and a chlorinated terphenyl and the mixture of phosphates is a mixture of tricresyl phosphate and tributyl phosphate.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
• Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (5)

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Citations (11)

• 1971
  • 1971-12-20 NL NL7117536A patent/NL7117536A/xx unknown
  • 1971-12-21 CA CA130,680A patent/CA943123A/en not_active Expired
  • 1971-12-23 GB GB5998671A patent/GB1317670A/en not_active Expired
  • 1971-12-24 AU AU37407/71A patent/AU454614B2/en not_active Expired
  • 1971-12-27 DE DE19712164807 patent/DE2164807A1/de active Pending
  • 1971-12-27 FR FR7146829A patent/FR2120038B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1971-12-27 IT IT32988/71A patent/IT944406B/it active
• 1972
  • 1972-02-03 US US223373A patent/US3873464A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (11)

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