US3873268A - Multiple solution testing device - Google Patents

Multiple solution testing device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3873268A
US3873268A US279069A US27906972A US3873268A US 3873268 A US3873268 A US 3873268A US 279069 A US279069 A US 279069A US 27906972 A US27906972 A US 27906972A US 3873268 A US3873268 A US 3873268A
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United States
Prior art keywords
plate
set forth
quantities
holder
reactive layer
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Expired - Lifetime
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US279069A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr James E Mckie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Warner Lambert Co LLC
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Pfizer Corp Belgium
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to GB5074371A priority Critical patent/GB1320426A/en
Priority to DE2233695A priority patent/DE2233695A1/de
Priority to CA146,359A priority patent/CA984711A/en
Priority to FR7224502A priority patent/FR2145299A5/fr
Application filed by Pfizer Corp Belgium filed Critical Pfizer Corp Belgium
Priority to US279069A priority patent/US3873268A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3873268A publication Critical patent/US3873268A/en
Assigned to WARNER-LAMBERT COMPANY, A CORP. OF DE. reassignment WARNER-LAMBERT COMPANY, A CORP. OF DE. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: PFIZER INC.
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5025—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures for parallel transport of multiple samples
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes
    • B01L3/0289—Apparatus for withdrawing or distributing predetermined quantities of fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/06—Fluid handling related problems
    • B01L2200/0642—Filling fluids into wells by specific techniques
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/02—Drop detachment mechanisms of single droplets from nozzles or pins
    • B01L2400/022—Drop detachment mechanisms of single droplets from nozzles or pins droplet contacts the surface of the receptacle

Definitions

  • a sheet of unexposed but developed photog Field of R 2% graphic film incorporating at least one gelatin layer m 2 1 provides a common reactive layer for comparing a u a number of trypsin-catalyzed reactions.
  • the film is conlsfi] References Cited veniently handled and inspected when attached'to an indexed glass plate.
  • the photographic film is im UNITED STATES PATENTS mersed in a low pH bath to simultaneously terminate 3378A 4/1968 samvls et 23/230 B X and preserve a record of all of the inherently concur- 6/lg68 T 4 3 6; if rent reactions.
  • a simple press with a removable cavit- 61 X ied plate and reactive layer advantageously performs 3552929 1/1971 Fields et al 23/230 B X the 26 Claims, 16 Drawing Figures IIIIIII mun" "Illl” MULTIPLE SOLUTION TESTING DEVICE CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
  • This application is a continuation-in-part of copencling application Ser. No. 159,795, filed July 6, 1971, now abandoned.
  • This invention relates to a method and device for simultaneously testing a number of different solutions in a predetermined period of time. Separate timed tests for each solution require painstaking care, considerable laboratory time and still incur the risk of human error.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a-simple and economical method and apparatus for testing a number of solutions. Another object is to provide such a method and apparatus for tests which must be of uniform duration.
  • a plate having cavities such as a perforated upper plate carrying drops of solution suspended from its holes is moved closely adjacent to a lower plate carrying a reactive substrate.
  • the plate with cavities may also be a lower plate with a number of wells in an upper surface into which an excess of solution is deposited to make the drops bulge up above it.
  • the welled plate is made of a material which is not wet by the solution (hydrophobic) to prevent the drops from spreading out of the wells.
  • An upper reactive layer is moved down into contact with the bulging drops on the welled plate. This simultaneously contacts the drops with the reactive layer and partially transfers an equal volume of each to the reactive layer when the plates are separated.
  • the upper and lower plates may be movably connected by rods and slide bearings or by a single plunger.
  • Film storage and a holding frame may be conveniently mounted on the lower plate below a perforated upper plate.
  • the welled lower plate may be removably inserted below a reactively surfaced plate which is removably attached to a plunger.
  • FIG. 1 is partially exploded pictorial view of one embodiment of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front view in elevation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 36 are schematic side views in elevation of a simplified form of the device shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in successive phases of operation;
  • FIG. 7 is a front view in elevation of a further embodiment of this invention in a preliminary phase of operation
  • FIG. 8 is a side view in elevation of the embodiment shown in FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 is a top plan view in elevation of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 and 8;
  • FIG. 10 is a bottom plan view in elevation of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7-9;
  • FIG. 11 is a top plan view of the drop-holding plate utilized in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7-10;
  • FIG. 12 is a bottom plan view of the composite platen utilized in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7-l0'.
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken through FIG. I] along the line I313, and in the process of being filled with drops of solution;
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken through FIG. 9 along the line -l414, but in the downwardly compressed position;
  • FIG. l5 is a front view in elevation similar to FIG. 7 but in the upwardly returned position subsequent to that shown in FIG. 14;
  • FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken through FIG. 7 along the line l6l6 'but in a slightly downwardly compressed position before contact between the lower surface of the platen and the drops held in the lower plate.
  • FIG. 1 An apparatus 10 for simultaneously testing the reaction of a number of different solutions with a common reactive substrate.
  • Apparatus 10 includes an upper plate 12 movably mounted relative to lower base plate 14 by coupling 16 including four rods 18 sliding within collar bearings 20.
  • Upper plate 12 includes a perforated holder 22 removably mounted within recess 24 in frame plate 26.
  • Positioning pins 28 extend through corresponding holes 30 in perforated holder 22.
  • Perforated holder 22 includes a number of right cylindrical wells 32.
  • the shape of holder 22, its thickness and material are designed to have an adhesive force for drops 34 of liquid solution to hold a sufficient volume of liquid within and a sufficient distance below wells 32 to contact lower reactive substrate 38, as later described in detail.
  • Upper holder 22 has an array of holes or wells 32 machined through it (for example right cylindrical) and is made of a material which has lower adhesive forces for some liquid than does the material of lower reactive substrate 38 for the same liquid. If the liquid is water, for example, upper plate 12 could be composed of a plastic and lower reactive substrate of a gelatin film.
  • Other useful shapes for wells 32 are, for example. right elliptical or other right free-form shapes.
  • a certain volume of liquid is deposited (using a pipette or other convenient volume delivery system) into each well 32 of upper plate 12 forming the suspended drop configuration 36 shown in FIG. 2.
  • the volume of the liquid required to form a stable (with respect to mechanical disturbance) suspended drop primarily depends upon the density of the liquid, its surface tension, the magnitude of the adhesive forces between the liquid and the surface material of the plate per unit of contact area, and the size and shape of the hole. For example, an extremely stable drop is formed when 50 X 10 liters of water are deposited into right cylindrical holes of 3.5 millimeter diameter in a 4 millimeter thick acrylic resin plate as shown in the drawings.
  • Lower base plate 14 includes upper surface 40 upon which common reactive substrate 38 is disposed for contact by suspended portions 36 of drops 34.
  • Substrate 38 is, for example, the gelatin surface of an unexposed but developed sheet of photographic film, which is useful in the study of trypsin-catalyzed reactions in which the gelatin substrate emulsion, is hydrolyzed by different concentrations of aqueous trypsin solutions, to form peptide products.
  • Film 38 is conveniently stored within container 42 mounted at one side of base plate 14 and is maintained in a flat position within hinged framed holder 44. End 46 of film 38 is conveniently retained within rectangular wire loop 48 at the end of base plate 14 remote from film container 42. Notch 50in upper surface 40 of base plate 14, between film container 42 and holder frame 44, provides a convenient means for severing used pieces of film 38 from container 42. Guide wire 52 aligns passage of film 38 through holder frame 44.
  • Frictional disc brake 54 attached to one corner of upper plate 12 and in frictional contact with adjacent rod 18 gently holds upper plate 12 in position, and its holding force is easily manually overcome when upper plate 12 is moved throughout its range ofoperative positions, including the lower position against adjustable stop collars 56.
  • Frictional disc brake 54 is made, for example, of suitable frictional material such as a resilient compressible washer made of felt or sponge material (synthetic sponge rubber or polyurethane sponge).
  • Apparatus I is useful for conducting a number of simultaneous tests of unknown solutions. It is particularly useful where the reactions of a number of unknown solutions must all be compared with the reaction of standard solutions with the same reactive substrate in a uniform period of time. This device as previously described is particularly useful in determining the trypsin inhibiting capacity of human sera by comparing them side by side with simulated normal, heterozygous and homozygous antitrypsin sera.
  • FIGS. 36 illustrate the performance of the method of this invention by a simplified apparatus A shown in FIG. 3 ready for use.
  • a number of trypsin solutions of 50 X 10 liters are deposited with an automatic pipette into holes or wells 32A of upper plate 12A shown in FIG. 4.
  • Upper plate or carriage 12A is lowered manually until contact with stops 56A is made as shown in FIG. 5.
  • the liquid samples When contact is made, the liquid samples simultaneously make contact with film 38A as shown in FIG. 5.
  • a timer (not shown) is activated either manually or by electrical contact between upper plate 12A and stop collar(s) 56A.
  • FIGS. 7-16 is shown another testing apparatus 108 which primarily differs from apparatus 10 and 10A in that solution drops 34B are contained within bottomed wells 328 instead of open holes or wells 32 and 32A.
  • Plate 12B further differs in that it is the lower plate from which projecting portions 368 of drops 348 project upwardly above plate 128 instead of being suspended below as shown in FIGS. 1-6.
  • drop-holding plate or tray 12B is inserted within chamber 60B ofpress apparatus 108 having a composite platen 628 secured to plunger 648 by screws 66B.
  • Cap 68B is mounted over and secured to the top of plunger 64B and its includes a tubular skirt 70B inserted within sleeve bearing 728 at the top of press housing 608.
  • Compression spring 748 reacts between the bottom of tubular skirt 70B and the top of housing 60B to cause cap 688 and plunger 648 to return upwardly after a downward stroke.
  • Removable plate 128 or tray is inserted above base 768 of housing 60B with its flanges 78B and 80B inserted under the bottom edges of retaining pins 828 disposed within housing 608 in a tongue and groove-like manner.
  • FIGS. l1, l2 and 13 show details of removable welled plate 12B including a number of drop-holding bottomed wells 32B holding drops 34B of solution.
  • FIG. 13 shows wells 328 being filled with predetermined excess amounts of solution from pipette 84 sufficient to cause upper projecting portions 368 of solution to project above the upper surface 13B of plate 128 to cause contact with composite platen 62B and the reaction layer 388 on it later described.
  • the material of which plate 128 is made of a type which will not be wet by the contained solution (hydrophobic) therefore preventing the solution from spreading over the surface ofthe plate and causing it to form a convex meniscus comprising projecting portion 368 shown in FIG. 13.
  • Plate 12B is for example injection molded of polysty rene to provide wells 328 in its upper surface and flanges 78B and 80B.
  • Flange 78B as shown in FIG. 11 extends the entire length of plate 12B and 808 extends less than the full length to index plate 128 for insertion in only one position into press housing 60B in conjunction with stop 868 (FIG. FIG. 11 also shows identifying coordinates A-E and 15 for wells 32B and also for the two control drop-containing holes 328 designated HET and HOM.
  • FIG. 12 shows the bottom of the removable elements of platen 628 including a coordinated glass plate 88B removably adhered, for example by rubber cement, to the bottom ofplaten frame 908.
  • Coordinated glass 88B includes ruled blocks 92B and indicia corresponding to positions of wells 323 in lower plate 128.
  • Glass plate 88B also includes an extending tab 948 to provide a handle for the removable assembly shown in FIG. 12. Tab 948 may accordingly be roughened to facilitate grasping and application of identifying marks.
  • the transparent film-holding plate 888 is silk-screen coded on its upper surface (non-film surface).
  • the coding design matches the particular array of samples on the film as dictated by the spacing of wells on the well plate. In the particular case of the alpha-l-antitrypsin mass screening test, this coding facilitates the rapid identification of any positive reaction when light is passed through the normally opaque dye/gelatin film substrate and further facilitates the comparison of a positive sample spot with the two reference spots labeled HET (heterozygote deficiency) and I-IOM (homozygote deficiency).
  • FIG. 7 shows assembled frame 908 and glass plate 88 B inserted in housing 60B with lateral slots 96B of frame 908 engaged about the edges of platensupporting plate 988, which is secured to the bottom of plunger 648 by screws 668.
  • reaction layer 388 of unexposed but developed color film as previously described. Reaction layer 388 is adhered to the bottom of glass plate 888 by a suitable adhesive, such as rubber cement.
  • a composite platen 62B is then prepared as shown in FIG. 12 by adhering glass plate 888 to the bottom of frame B which is then removably connected to plunger 648 by engaging grooves 968 about platen supporting plate 988. Platen 62B is then moved toward projecting drop menisci 368, as shown in FIG. 16 and ultimately in FIG. 14 to cause reactive layer 38B to contact projecting menisci 36B of drops 348. As a result of downward pressure in the direction of arrow 1008 on plunger cap 68B, the downward motion of plunger 64B is arrested by contact of shoulder stop 1028 of cap skirt 708 with the upper periphery 1048 of housing sleeve bearing 72B.
  • Stop surfaces 1028 and 1048 are predetermined to cause menisci 36B to simultaneously touch the surface of film 388 a predetermined amount sufficient to cause the transfer of drop portions 37B shown in FIG. 15 of sufficient volume upon upward movement of plunger 64B in the direction of arrow 106B to initiate substantial reactions for the particular comparison test being conducted.
  • Return movement of plunger 64B is accomplished by releasing cap 688 which is automatically raised by return expansion of compression spring 748.
  • the size of the transferred drops 378 may be adjusted by changing the dimensions of surface 1028 and 1048 by adjusting configurations or inserting stop washers (not shown).
  • Film 388 containing transferred drops 378 may be left in position in housing 608 until the reaction time is completed or may be removed together with glass plate 888 and frame 90B (shown in FIG. 12) and stored until the end ofthe reaction time. Since film 388 is hydrophilic it can be stored upright or on its side without any danger of drops 37B running together. After the reaction time is completed and film 388 immersed to terminate the reaction, the extent of hydrolysis of the gelatin for each sample may be read from the coordinated assembly shown in FIG. 12 together with the adhered film layer 38B. Drop-containing plate 128 is removed from housing 608 and discarded after trans fer of projecting menisci 36B of drops 348.
  • the plate 88B can be composed of a wide variety of materials other than glass, including plastics, metals or wood. Further, plate 88B can be solid or may comprise a rigid frame to which the film 388 is adhered.
  • a method of simultaneously testing the reactions of a number of solutions with a reactive layer which comprises the steps ofplacing substantially equal quantitles of each of said solutions in cavities in a holder whereby substantially equal quantities of said solutions are caused to project substantially equal distances from said holder, disposing said reactive layer upon a plate, aligning said holder and said plate parallel to each other whereby each of the projecting quantities is equidistant from said reactive layer, causing relative movement between said holder and said plate while maintaining said parallel relationship for disposing them closely adjacent each other whereby said projecting quantities simultaneously contact said reactive layer to simultaneously commence reactions between said solutions and said reactive layer, and separating said holder from said plate whereby substantially equal portions of said projecting quantities transfer to said reactive layer for completing said reactions.
  • An apparatus for simultaneously testing the reaction of a number of solutions with a reactive layer comprising a solution-holding plate having a number of equal cavities which are constructed and arranged for independently holding and supporting substantially equal quantities of said solutions projecting substantially equal distances from said solution-holding plate, a reaction plate having portions disposed parallel to and equidistantly from corresponding portions of said solution-holding plate, said reaction plate having supporting means for holding said reactive layer, parallelacting movable coupling means connecting said solutionholding and reaction plates whereby the relative distances between said parallel plates may be parallelly varied from substantially separated to closely adjacent positions.
  • said cavities having a shape and size for retaining said quantities of solution with a portion thereof projecting at said substantially equal distances therefrom whereby said projecting portions simultaneously contact said reactive layer on said reaction plate when said plates are moved into said closely adjacent positions and for substantially transferring equal quantities of said solutions to said reactive layer on said reaction plate upon subsequent separation of said plates.
  • cavities comprise holes through said plate, said projecting portions of said quantities being suspended from said holes below said plate, and said reaction plate being disposed below said solution holding plate.
  • said movable coupling means includes a holding element whereby said solution holding plate is maintained in a separated position from said reaction plate.
  • said movable coupling means includes adjustable stops for varying the distance between said projecting quantities and said reaction plate in said closely adjacent position of said plates.
  • said solution-holding plate comprises a frame plate and a perforated insert plate, said perforated insert plate being removably mounted in said frame plate.
  • cavities comprise wells in said plate, said projecting portions of said quantities being menisci of said drops projecting above said drop-holding plate, and said reaction plate being disposed above said solution holding plate.
  • said solution holding plate comprises a shallow tray incorporating a number of said wells.
  • said movable coupling means comprises a press having a base and a movable plunger disposed above said base, said base having receiving means for insertion of said solution holding plate, said plunger having removable attaching means for engagement by said reaction plate, and stop means reacting between said plunger and said base for terminating the movement of said plunger toward said reaction plate.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
US279069A 1971-07-06 1972-08-09 Multiple solution testing device Expired - Lifetime US3873268A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5074371A GB1320426A (en) 1971-07-06 1971-11-01 Multiple solution testing device
DE2233695A DE2233695A1 (de) 1971-07-06 1972-07-05 Geraet zum testen mehrerer loesungen
CA146,359A CA984711A (en) 1971-07-06 1972-07-05 Multiple solution testing device
FR7224502A FR2145299A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-07-06 1972-07-06
US279069A US3873268A (en) 1971-07-06 1972-08-09 Multiple solution testing device

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15979571A 1971-07-06 1971-07-06
US279069A US3873268A (en) 1971-07-06 1972-08-09 Multiple solution testing device

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US3873268A true US3873268A (en) 1975-03-25

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US279069A Expired - Lifetime US3873268A (en) 1971-07-06 1972-08-09 Multiple solution testing device

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US (1) US3873268A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA984711A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2233695A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2145299A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1320426A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (24)

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EP0028907A3 (en) * 1979-11-08 1982-03-17 Secretary Of State For Social Services In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Improvements in or relating to apparatus for testing a liquid sample
US4339241A (en) * 1979-10-16 1982-07-13 Stoecker Winfried A Apparatus and method for simultaneously mixing specimens for performing microanalyses
US5290705A (en) * 1992-01-13 1994-03-01 R. E. Davis Chemical Corporation Speciman support for optical analysis
US5723341A (en) * 1994-02-25 1998-03-03 Janos Technology Inc. Screen cell and method of using
US5786226A (en) * 1995-03-16 1998-07-28 Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Quantitative transmission spectroscopy using sample carriers with nets
US5827745A (en) * 1993-03-29 1998-10-27 Astle; Thomas W. Micropipette tip loading and unloading device and method and tip package
WO1999034920A1 (en) * 1998-01-12 1999-07-15 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method and apparatus for performing microassays
US6270249B1 (en) * 1998-09-30 2001-08-07 Robert W. Besuner Vertically reciprocating perforated agitator
WO2001061054A3 (en) * 2000-02-18 2002-02-28 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Apparatus and methods for parallel processing of micro-volume liquid reactions
US20020192716A1 (en) * 1999-03-19 2002-12-19 Volker Schellenberger Multi-through hole testing plate for high throughput screening
US6682702B2 (en) * 2001-08-24 2004-01-27 Agilent Technologies, Inc. Apparatus and method for simultaneously conducting multiple chemical reactions
US20040037748A1 (en) * 2002-08-23 2004-02-26 Leila Hasan Voltage-aided transfer pins
US20040191924A1 (en) * 1998-01-12 2004-09-30 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Reformatted through-hole arrays
US20040208792A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2004-10-21 John Linton Assay apparatus and method using microfluidic arrays
US20050148066A1 (en) * 2000-02-18 2005-07-07 O'keefe Matthew Apparatus and methods for parallel processing of micro-volume liquid reactions
US20050225751A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2005-10-13 Donald Sandell Two-piece high density plate
US20050280811A1 (en) * 2003-09-19 2005-12-22 Donald Sandell Grooved high density plate
US20060105453A1 (en) * 2004-09-09 2006-05-18 Brenan Colin J Coating process for microfluidic sample arrays
US20060234267A1 (en) * 1994-06-08 2006-10-19 Affymetrix, Inc Bioarray chip reaction apparatus and its manufacture
EP1414585A4 (en) * 2001-04-04 2007-03-07 Arradial Inc SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DISPENSING LIQUIDS
US20090143249A1 (en) * 1994-06-08 2009-06-04 Affymetrix, Inc. Bioarray chip reaction apparatus and its manufacture
US20110003699A1 (en) * 2002-12-20 2011-01-06 Biotrove, Inc. Thermal Cycler for Microfluidic Array Assays
US8105554B2 (en) 2004-03-12 2012-01-31 Life Technologies Corporation Nanoliter array loading
US12070731B2 (en) 2004-08-04 2024-08-27 Life Technologies Corporation Methods and systems for aligning dispensing arrays with microfluidic sample arrays

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DE2559090C2 (de) * 1975-01-08 1986-01-09 Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N.Y. Dosiervorrichtung für wiederholtes Abgeben einer abgemessenen Flüssigkeitsmenge in Form von Tropfen
DE4107262A1 (de) * 1991-03-07 1992-09-10 Eppendorf Geraetebau Netheler Absaugvorrichtung fuer membranmikrotiterplatten
EP1011862A2 (en) * 1996-10-10 2000-06-28 Corning Incorporated Tool for the transport of liquid drops and method for the transfer of drops using such a tool
FR2754469B1 (fr) * 1996-10-10 1998-12-04 Corning Inc Outil de transport de gouttes de liquide et procede de transfert de gouttes a l'aide d'un tel outil
CN112317001A (zh) * 2020-10-31 2021-02-05 济南骄峰智能设备有限公司 一种电控插板式组合烧杯托架及烧杯移动装置

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US3424558A (en) * 1965-12-08 1969-01-28 Nordisk Insulinlab Instrument for blood grouping on blood grouping cards
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Cited By (61)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4339241A (en) * 1979-10-16 1982-07-13 Stoecker Winfried A Apparatus and method for simultaneously mixing specimens for performing microanalyses
EP0028907A3 (en) * 1979-11-08 1982-03-17 Secretary Of State For Social Services In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Improvements in or relating to apparatus for testing a liquid sample
US5290705A (en) * 1992-01-13 1994-03-01 R. E. Davis Chemical Corporation Speciman support for optical analysis
US5827745A (en) * 1993-03-29 1998-10-27 Astle; Thomas W. Micropipette tip loading and unloading device and method and tip package
US5723341A (en) * 1994-02-25 1998-03-03 Janos Technology Inc. Screen cell and method of using
US20100298165A1 (en) * 1994-06-08 2010-11-25 Affymetrix, Inc. Bioarray chip reaction apparatus and its manufacture
US20060234267A1 (en) * 1994-06-08 2006-10-19 Affymetrix, Inc Bioarray chip reaction apparatus and its manufacture
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FR2145299A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-02-16
GB1320426A (en) 1973-06-13
CA984711A (en) 1976-03-02
DE2233695A1 (de) 1973-01-25

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