US3873205A - Assembly for use in atomic absorption spectroscopy - Google Patents
Assembly for use in atomic absorption spectroscopy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3873205A US3873205A US403115A US40311573A US3873205A US 3873205 A US3873205 A US 3873205A US 403115 A US403115 A US 403115A US 40311573 A US40311573 A US 40311573A US 3873205 A US3873205 A US 3873205A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pillars
- vapour source
- atomic vapour
- carbon rod
- atomic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 title description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012809 cooling fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
- G01N21/74—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited using flameless atomising, e.g. graphite furnaces
Definitions
- ABSTRACT An atomic vapour source which includes two spaced metal pillars clamped between but electrically insulated from two plates defining a chamber therebetween, each pillar being adapted at one end to be clamped to one end of carbon rod extending between the ends of the two pillars, the clamping ends of the pillars being free to move relative to one another to permit expansion and contraction of the carbon rod when heated and cooled.
- the present invention consists in an atomic vapour source which includes two sapced metal pillars clamped between but electrically insulated from two plates defining a chamber therebetween, each pillar being adapted at one end to be clamped to one end of a carbon rod extending between the ends of the two pillars, the clamping ends of the pillars being free to move relative to one another to permit expansion and contraction of the carbon rod when heated and cooled.
- FIG. 1 is a general view ofone form of atomic vapour spaced to the present invention.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 show two alternative forms of carbon rod for use in the apparatus of FIG. 1.
- an atomic vapour source includes two spaced vertical metal pillars 11 fixed at their bottom ends to an electrically insulating cross bar 12.
- the two pillars 11 are clamped between two metal side plates 13 by means of a bolt 14 so as to define an enclosure or chamber between the pillars 11, the pillars being electrically insulated from the plates by strips 14 of electrically insulating material such as Teflon strip. Plates 13 are also fixed to a support column 15 by means of bolts 16.
- Each pillar 11 is provided with a slit 17 and a horizontal bore in which is clamped one end of a carbon rod 18 by means of screws 19.
- FIGS 2 and 3 show portions of two alternative forms of carbon rod 18 each of which is provided with a hollowed out cavity 19' and two cut-away portions 20 underneath the rods so that when an electric current is passed through the rod, heating of the rod will be concentrated around cavity 19 and to each side thereof for a distance sufficient to minimise memory effects.
- both pillars 11 are electrically insulated from the rest of the structure, an electrical current may be passed through the rod 18 by means of terminals 21 at the bottom ends of the pillars l1, and since the upper ends of the pillars are not directly fixed in relation to one another linear expansion of the rod 18 when heated up rapidly by the current may be taken up by slight movement apart of the upper ends of the pillars 11 as permitted by flexing of the cross bar 12. In use temperature rises of up to 3000C in one-half sec. may be encountered.
- a conduit 22 is provided for introducing an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon into the lower part of the enclosure between pillars 11, which part may be filled with glass beads or some suitable mesh arrangement to diffuse the gas flow.
- the pillars 11 are arranged to be cooled by means of cooling fluid passing through bores 23 in the pillars, interconnected by conduit 24 and having an inlet 25 and outlet 26.
- the apparatus is provided with a mask or yoke 27 movable about a pivoted connection 28 to the plate 13 (but insulated from pillars 11) by means of adjusting nut 29 acting against compression springs 35 so that either apertures 30 or apertures 31 of different size in mask 27 may be brought into alignment with apertures 32 in plates 13 as desired.
- a small quantity of sample solution is dropped into cavity 19' in the rod 18 and a cover 33 is provided with a venting chimney fitted across the upper margins of plates 13.
- a small current is then passed through the rod 18 to drive off solvent, then a larger current can be used to drive off organic matter, if present, and then finally a still larger current is passed through the rod to create a region of atomic vapour of the sample above the rod.
- Radiation is directed through this region via apertures 32 and either apertures 30 or 31 to permit atomic absorption measurements to be effected.
- Apertures 34 are provided in the sides ofthe pillar 11 to permit radiation to be directed longitudinally of the rod 18, with a corresponding aperture in the end portion 27a of the yokr 27.
- An atomic vapour source which includes two spaced metal pillars clamped between but electrically insulated from two plates defining a chamber therebetween, each pillar being adapted at one end to be clamped to one end ofa carbon rod extending between the ends of the two pillars, the clamping ends of the pillars being free to move relative to one another to perniit expansion and contraction of the carbon rod when heated and cooled, said carbon rod provided with means for receiving a sample to be observed, means for directing radiation towards said sample, and means for effecting atomic absorption measurements.
- the pillars are electrically insulated from the plates by means of strips of electrically insulating material.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Abstract
An atomic vapour source which includes two spaced metal pillars clamped between but electrically insulated from two plates defining a chamber therebetween, each pillar being adapted at one end to be clamped to one end of carbon rod extending between the ends of the two pillars, the clamping ends of the pillars being free to move relative to one another to permit expansion and contraction of the carbon rod when heated and cooled.
Description
a United States Patent [191 Thompson 51 Mar. 25, 1975 ASSEMBLY FOR USE IN ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY [75] Inventor: Kenneth Clive Thompson,
Camberley, England [73] Assignee: Shandon Southern Instruments Ltd.,
Camberley, Surrey, England [22] Filed: Oct. 3, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 403,115
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Oct. 23, 1972 'United Kingdom 48671/72 [52] U.S. Cl. 356/85, 356/244 [5 1] Int. Cl. G01j 3/30 Field of Search 356/85, 86, 244
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,702,219 lI/l972 Braun et al. 356/85 PrimaryExaminer-Vincent P. McGraw Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Marn & Jangarathis [57] ABSTRACT An atomic vapour source which includes two spaced metal pillars clamped between but electrically insulated from two plates defining a chamber therebetween, each pillar being adapted at one end to be clamped to one end of carbon rod extending between the ends of the two pillars, the clamping ends of the pillars being free to move relative to one another to permit expansion and contraction of the carbon rod when heated and cooled.
8 Claims, 3 Drawing Figures ASSEMBLY FOR USE. IN ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY This invention relates to sources for creating atomic vapour of a sample for the purpose of conducting experiments in atomic absorption spectroscopy, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved source for this purpose.
The present invention consists in an atomic vapour source which includes two sapced metal pillars clamped between but electrically insulated from two plates defining a chamber therebetween, each pillar being adapted at one end to be clamped to one end of a carbon rod extending between the ends of the two pillars, the clamping ends of the pillars being free to move relative to one another to permit expansion and contraction of the carbon rod when heated and cooled.
in the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a general view ofone form of atomic vapour spaced to the present invention, and
FIGS. 2 and 3 show two alternative forms of carbon rod for use in the apparatus of FIG. 1. y
In carrying the invention into effect according to one convenient mode by way ofexample, an atomic vapour source includes two spaced vertical metal pillars 11 fixed at their bottom ends to an electrically insulating cross bar 12.
The two pillars 11 are clamped between two metal side plates 13 by means of a bolt 14 so as to define an enclosure or chamber between the pillars 11, the pillars being electrically insulated from the plates by strips 14 of electrically insulating material such as Teflon strip. Plates 13 are also fixed to a support column 15 by means of bolts 16.
Each pillar 11 is provided with a slit 17 and a horizontal bore in which is clamped one end of a carbon rod 18 by means of screws 19.
FIGS 2 and 3 show portions of two alternative forms of carbon rod 18 each of which is provided with a hollowed out cavity 19' and two cut-away portions 20 underneath the rods so that when an electric current is passed through the rod, heating of the rod will be concentrated around cavity 19 and to each side thereof for a distance sufficient to minimise memory effects.
Since both pillars 11 are electrically insulated from the rest of the structure, an electrical current may be passed through the rod 18 by means of terminals 21 at the bottom ends of the pillars l1, and since the upper ends of the pillars are not directly fixed in relation to one another linear expansion of the rod 18 when heated up rapidly by the current may be taken up by slight movement apart of the upper ends of the pillars 11 as permitted by flexing of the cross bar 12. In use temperature rises of up to 3000C in one-half sec. may be encountered.
A conduit 22 is provided for introducing an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon into the lower part of the enclosure between pillars 11, which part may be filled with glass beads or some suitable mesh arrangement to diffuse the gas flow. The pillars 11 are arranged to be cooled by means of cooling fluid passing through bores 23 in the pillars, interconnected by conduit 24 and having an inlet 25 and outlet 26.
The apparatus is provided with a mask or yoke 27 movable about a pivoted connection 28 to the plate 13 (but insulated from pillars 11) by means of adjusting nut 29 acting against compression springs 35 so that either apertures 30 or apertures 31 of different size in mask 27 may be brought into alignment with apertures 32 in plates 13 as desired.
in use, a small quantity of sample solution is dropped into cavity 19' in the rod 18 and a cover 33 is provided with a venting chimney fitted across the upper margins of plates 13. A small current is then passed through the rod 18 to drive off solvent, then a larger current can be used to drive off organic matter, if present, and then finally a still larger current is passed through the rod to create a region of atomic vapour of the sample above the rod.
Radiation is directed through this region via apertures 32 and either apertures 30 or 31 to permit atomic absorption measurements to be effected.
I claim:
1. An atomic vapour source which includes two spaced metal pillars clamped between but electrically insulated from two plates defining a chamber therebetween, each pillar being adapted at one end to be clamped to one end ofa carbon rod extending between the ends of the two pillars, the clamping ends of the pillars being free to move relative to one another to perniit expansion and contraction of the carbon rod when heated and cooled, said carbon rod provided with means for receiving a sample to be observed, means for directing radiation towards said sample, and means for effecting atomic absorption measurements.
2. An atomic vapour source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ends of the pillars remote from their clamping ends are fixed to a cross bar or member, so as to be electrically insulated from one another, the cross-bar or member being sufficiently flexible to permit said relative movement ofthe clamping ends of the pillars.
3. An atomic vapour source as claimed in claim 2, wherein one cross-bar or member and the plates are fixed to a common support member.
4. An atomic vapour source as claimed in claim 1,
wherein the pillars are electrically insulated from the plates by means of strips of electrically insulating material.
5. An atomic vapour source as claimed in claim 1, wherein means are provided for circulating cooling fluid through bores in the pillars.
6. An atomic vapour source as claimed in claim 1, wherein means are provided for introducing aninert gas into the said chamber.
7. An atomic vapour source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plates are provided with aligned apertures to permit radiation to be directed through the chamber above the carbon rod.
8. An atomic vapour souce as claimed in claim 1, wherein apertures are provided in the pillars to permit radiation to be directed through the chamber longitudinally of the carbon rod.
Claims (8)
1. An atomic vapour source which includes two spaced metal pillars clamped between but electrically insulated from two plates defining a chamber therebetween, each pillar being adapted at one end to be clamped to one end of a carbon rod extending between the ends of the two pillars, the clamping ends of the pillars being free to move relative to one another to permit expansion and contraction of the carbon rod when heated and cooled, said carbon rod provided with means for receiving a sample to be observed, means for directing radiation towards said sample, and means for effecting atomic absorption measurements.
2. An atomic vapour source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ends of the pillars remote from their clamping ends are fixed to a cross bar or member, so as to be electrically insulated from one another, the cross-bar or member being sufficiently flexible to permit said relative movement of the clamping ends of the pillars.
3. An atomic vapour source as claimed in claim 2, wherein one cross-bar or member and the plates are fixed to a common support member.
4. An atomic vapour source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pillars are electrically insulated from the plates by means of strips of electrically insulating material.
5. An atomic vapour source as claimed in claim 1, wherein means are provided for circulating cooling fluid through bores in the pillars.
6. An atomic vapour source as claimed in claim 1, wherein means are provided for introducing an inert gas into the said chamber.
7. An atomic vapour source as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plates are provided with aligned apertures to permit radiation to be directed through the chamber above the carbon rod.
8. An atomic vapour souce as claimed in claim 1, wherein apertures are provided in the pillars to permit radiation to be directed through the chamber longitudinally of the carbon rod.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB4867172A GB1410242A (en) | 1972-10-23 | 1972-10-23 | Atomic vapour sources |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3873205A true US3873205A (en) | 1975-03-25 |
Family
ID=10449490
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US403115A Expired - Lifetime US3873205A (en) | 1972-10-23 | 1973-10-03 | Assembly for use in atomic absorption spectroscopy |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3873205A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2350055A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2203973B3 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1410242A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT995678B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3957374A (en) * | 1974-02-01 | 1976-05-18 | Carl Zeiss-Stiftung | Apparatus for obtaining samples of dusts for analysis by spectrochemical examination |
| US4653913A (en) * | 1984-07-28 | 1987-03-31 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Heating device for an atomic absorption spectrometer |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3702219A (en) * | 1970-02-11 | 1972-11-07 | Bodenseewerk Perkin Elmer Co | Graphite tube cell assemblies for atomic absorption spectrometers |
-
1972
- 1972-10-23 GB GB4867172A patent/GB1410242A/en not_active Expired
-
1973
- 1973-10-03 US US403115A patent/US3873205A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-10-05 DE DE19732350055 patent/DE2350055A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1973-10-08 IT IT29868/73A patent/IT995678B/en active
- 1973-10-23 FR FR7337776A patent/FR2203973B3/fr not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3702219A (en) * | 1970-02-11 | 1972-11-07 | Bodenseewerk Perkin Elmer Co | Graphite tube cell assemblies for atomic absorption spectrometers |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3957374A (en) * | 1974-02-01 | 1976-05-18 | Carl Zeiss-Stiftung | Apparatus for obtaining samples of dusts for analysis by spectrochemical examination |
| US4653913A (en) * | 1984-07-28 | 1987-03-31 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Heating device for an atomic absorption spectrometer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2350055A1 (en) | 1974-05-09 |
| IT995678B (en) | 1975-11-20 |
| FR2203973A1 (en) | 1974-05-17 |
| FR2203973B3 (en) | 1976-09-17 |
| GB1410242A (en) | 1975-10-15 |
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