US3867167A - Method for production of photographic material - Google Patents

Method for production of photographic material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3867167A
US3867167A US187507A US18750771A US3867167A US 3867167 A US3867167 A US 3867167A US 187507 A US187507 A US 187507A US 18750771 A US18750771 A US 18750771A US 3867167 A US3867167 A US 3867167A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
polystyrene
film
support
photographic
gelatin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US187507A
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English (en)
Inventor
Sumitaka Tatsuta
Wataru Ueno
Nobuhiko Minagawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujifilm Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd filed Critical Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3867167A publication Critical patent/US3867167A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/795—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of macromolecular substances
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C59/16—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by wave energy or particle radiation, e.g. infrared heating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/91—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by subbing layers or subbing means
    • G03C1/915—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by subbing layers or subbing means using mechanical or physical means therefor, e.g. corona
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
    • B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
    • B29C2035/0827—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using UV radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2025/00—Use of polymers of vinyl-aromatic compounds or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/005—Oriented
    • B29K2995/0053—Oriented bi-axially
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/155—Nonresinous additive to promote interlayer adhesion in element

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method for the production of a photographic material, which comprises, in combination-the steps of a. roughening a biaxially stretched polystyrene film support, 1
  • undercoat layer comprising at least one solvent capable of dissolving or swelling polystyrene and a resin having an affinity to gelatin, and thereafter d.
  • a photographic layer comprising an emulsion or suspension containing gelatin as a binder.
  • the present invention relates to a process for the production of a photographic material.
  • Baryta paper has been used heretofore as a support for various photographic materials such as photographic paper and diffusion-transfer photographic paper.
  • Baryta paper is produced by coating paper made from pulp with a mixture obtained by kneading finely divided barium sulfate, a small amount of binder, such as gelatin and water.
  • Such a support suffers from various defects including expansion andcontraction due to moisture variation, shrinkage brought about after development procedure, a requirement of long periods of time for drying after development, and poor resistance to water.
  • a method for the production of a photographic material which comprises (a) irradiating ultraviolet ray to a biaxially stretched polystyrene film having a roughened surface, (b) applying to the resulting polystyrene film an undercoat liquid composed of a solution or dis persion in an organic solvent of a resin capable of bonding therewith a photographic emulsion, and (c) thereafter coating further with an emulsion or suspension containing gelatin.
  • an emulsion or suspension containing gelatin as a binder is intended to include an aqueous emulsion or suspension of gelatinwith or without added silver halides, such as silver chloride, silver bro mide, silver chlorobromide and silver iodobromide, a light-sensitive diazo compound, a developing nucleus for an image-accepting elementused in a silver halide diffusion transfer process or other necessary components.
  • the biaxially stretched polystyrene film having a roughened surface can be obtained by stretching polystyrene film, which has previously been formed from polystyrene resin, according to a conventional process used for biaxially stretching plastics and then subjecting the stretched film to various roughening treatments.
  • the biaxial stretching maybe carried out by either simultaneous stretching in both dimensions or sequential stretching first in one direction, then in the other direction.
  • the roughening of the film surface may be effected by contacting the stretched film with an organic solvent capable of dissolving or swelling the polystyrene resin to thereby swell the film, then contacting the swelled film with water or another organic solvent incapable of dissolving the polystyrene resin, but having compatibility with the organic solvent used in the foregoing swelling treatment to thereby impart a roughened film surface.
  • Typical examples of the former type solvents i.e., those which dissolve or swell the polystyrene resin, include tetrahydrofuran, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl chloride, ethylene chloride, cyclohexane, benzene, dimethyl formamide and mixtures thereof.
  • the latter type solvents i.e., those incapable of dissolving polystyrene, but well compatible with the former solvents, typically include methanol and ethanol.
  • the contact between the film and the solvent may be effected by dipping the film in the organic solvent, applying the organic solvent to the film with roller coaters or brushers, or by spraying the organic solvent by means of sprayers.
  • the polystyrene resin may contain white pigment such as, for example, titanium dioxide, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, barium carbonate, lithopone, alumina white, calcium carbonate, silica white and the like, and,
  • Whitening or opalizing of the film in accordance with the foregoing processes imparts a satisfactory picture scene to the photographic material produced from the thus prepared resin.
  • Polystyrene resin generally has excellent properties in water resistance, dimensional stability, stiffness and the like. Accordingly, the film treated as above exhibits superior whiteness and opacity, and hence is extremely desirable for use as a support for a photographic mate rial.
  • polystyrene resin gives rise to another problem that when the polystyrene support which is inherently hydrophobic and chemically inactive is coated with a hydrophilic emulsion containing gelatin, the adhesion between the coated film and the polystyrene support is very poor.
  • this liquid is referred to hereinafter as the undercoat liquid
  • the undercoat liquid is coated onto the surface of a polystyrene support so 'as to provide one or more undercoat layers by which the adhesion between the polystyrene support and the photographic emulsion layer is secured.
  • undercoat solvents compared to prior undercoat processes wherein neither roughening nor ultraviolet ray irradiation is conducted, and by this result it is also possible to use an undercoat liquid containing a solvent having less solubility to polystyrene or containing only a small amount of a.soluble solvent, which in turn results in avoiding the generation of new cracking on the surface of the support as well as in preventing the lowering of mechanical strength, while ensuring good adhesion.
  • the surface of the polymer should generally be rendered hydrophilic by resorting to some surfacial treatments, which are usually observed by the reduction in the contact angle of the polymer with water.
  • surfacial treatments which are usually observed by the reduction in the contact angle of the polymer with water.
  • each hydrogen or alkyl group 2 containing up to 4 carbon atoms and having affinity to gelatin and also capable of being dispersed or dissolved in an organic solvent, and gelatin or casein.
  • resins are cellulose acetate maleate, vinylic copolymers containing maleic anhydride, copolymers of acrylamide with methacrylic acid, a mixture of polyvinyl pyrollidone with polyacrylic acid and the like.
  • Preferred solvents to be used as a composition in the undercoat liquid include water, alcohols, ketones, phenols, carboxylic acid esters, chlorinated paraffins, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. Typical of these are methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, phenol, o-chlorophenol, p-chlorophenol, methyl acetate, butyl acetate, methylene dichloride, ethylene dichloride,chloroform, benzene, toluene, xylene, etc. Mixtures of two or more of these solvents may be used as well.
  • the photographic material using a roughened and undercoated polystyrene support demonstrated sufficiently high adhesion between the film support and the coated layer in' both the dry state and wet state during developing treatment, and the strength of the adhesion did not lower at all after a long period of time. It can be said that the photographic material'obtained in accordance with the present invention has an excellent photographic performance because fogging and drop of sensitivity, which constitute fatal drawbacks can be eliminated owing to the use ofa white and opaque photographic support with good adhesion, which can be attained by the method of this invention without adding any foreign substances thereto.
  • Adhesion Test for Dry State A cellulose triacetate film of 0.14 mm in thickness was bonded using an epoxy type resin adhesive onto the coated surface of a sample prepared by coating a gelatin-containing emulsion as a binder on a polystyrene film support. The bonded film was allowed to stand overnight at a temperature of 23C and relative humidity of and then cut into a strip of 1 cm in width obtained.
  • the cellulose triacetate film was then peeled off at a pull speed of 7.38 cm per minute while measuring the force of peeling resistance by means of a strain gauge.
  • the term good adhesion refers to a case where the sample has a peeling resistance of greater than 8 g/mm which is a sufficient adhesion strength for the use as a photographic material.
  • the resulting film having a roughened surface was irradiated with ultraviolet ray using three I kw quartz mercury lamps placed in parallel at intervals of 50 cm along the advancing direction of the film support and at a position 13 cm above the support, which was conveyed at a running speed of 3 'rn/minute.
  • the film support was then coated with an undercoat liquid having the following composition, and dried at room tempera ture.
  • the film thus undercoated was further. coated with a silver halide photographic emulsion having the following composition. The amount is given for each square meter of the film.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A biaxially stretched polystyrene film of 0.1 mm in thickness was dipped in toluene for 2 seconds, then dipped in methyl isobutyl ketone for 5 seconds, and thereafter'dipped again in methanol for 30 seconds to give a white and opaque (roughened) support having a fine porous layer on its surface.
  • the roughened polystyrene .film was irradiated with ultraviolet ray under the same conditions as set forth in Example I, then coated with an undercoat liquid having the following compositions, and thereafter dried at room temper ature.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A biaxially stretched polystyrene film of 0.2 mm in thickness was dipped for 3 seconds in a mixed solvent consisting of one part acetone and one part methyl ethyl ketone, then dipped for 30 seconds in methanol to give a white and opaque (roughened) film having a fine porous layer on its surface. Using the thus prepared roughened film as the support, ultraviolet ray was irradiated thereto under the same conditions as set forth in Example 1. Then an undercoat liquid having the followingcomposition was applied to the irradiated film:
  • the resulting film was further coated with a coating liquid for forming an image-receiving layer of an image-receiving material to be used in the silver salt diffusion transfer photographic process, and having a composition as follows:
  • Gelatin binder 3 g Colloidal silver sulfide (developing nuclei) 0.001 g Phenylmercaptotetrazole (color conditioner) 0.01 g Saponon (wetting agent) 0.02 g
  • EXAMPLE 4 A polystyrene sheet containing 2 2 ,5% by weight of powdery titanium dioxide' wasbiaxially stretched in the lateral and longitudinal directions at an elongation ratio of 1.5 times to give a white polystyrene film support of a thickness of 0.1 mm. This polystyrene film support was dipped first in methyl ethyl ketone for 3 seconds, and ,then in methanol for 30 seconds to provide a roughened polystyrene support containing titanium dioxide pigment. This film was subjected to irradiation with ultraviolet ray according to the manner set forth in Example 1, then coated with the undercoat liquid having the same composition as used'in Example 2, and then driedat room temperature.
  • the resulting film was coated with a silver halide color photographic composition as follows (given in the amount per square meter of the film):
  • EXAMPLE 5 A polystyrene film having a roughened surface and irradiated with ultraviolet ray in a manner similar to Example 1 was coated with an undercoat liquid having the following composition and dried at 80C for 2 minutes:
  • a copolymer consisting of Maleic anhydride 1 part, and
  • Example 6 The film provided with the above undercoat layer was further coated with a silver halide photographic emulsion set forth in Example I.
  • the peeling off test of the resulting emulsion-coated sample exhibited that the film had sufficient adhesion strength between the sup-- port and the emulsion layer in both dry and wet states
  • EXAMPLE 6 An undercoat liquid with the following composition was applied to a polystyrene support which had been roughened and irradiated with ultraviolet ray in the manner similar to Example 2, and then dried at C for 5 minutes.
  • Methacrylic acid 1 part 20 g Methanol 450 cc lsopropanol 20 cc Phenol 20 g Chromium acetate 1.5 g
  • the undercoat layer so formed was further coated with a silver halide photographic emulsion as described in Example 1.
  • the resulting emulsion-coated film was then subjected to a peeling off test and proved to have excellent adhesion strength between the support and the emulsion layer in both the dry and wet states, which was sufficient foruse as a photographic material.
  • the adhesion strength was very poor in cases where the film was obtained after irradiation with ultravioletray and coating with the above undercoat liquid, but subjected to no-surface roughening treatment, and where the film was obtained after the surface roughening treatment, followed by application of the above undercoat liquid, but without ultraviolet irradiation.
  • a method for the production of a photographic material which comprises, in combination, the steps of a. roughening a biaxially stretched polystyrene film support, b. irradiating said support with ultraviolet ray, c. applying to the surface of said film an undercoat layer comprising at least one solvent capable of disylformamide and mixtures thereof.
  • said white pigment is a member selected from the group consisting of TiO BaSO CaSO BaCO lithopone, alumina white,

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
US187507A 1970-10-07 1971-10-07 Method for production of photographic material Expired - Lifetime US3867167A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8813470 1970-10-07

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US3867167A true US3867167A (en) 1975-02-18

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US (1) US3867167A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA949398A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2150137A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2110278B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1340622A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7113768A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE375631B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3959528A (en) * 1973-12-19 1976-05-25 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Coating method
US4120724A (en) * 1972-10-02 1978-10-17 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Subbing material for styrene bases used in photographic elements

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0285446B1 (en) * 1987-02-28 1992-09-30 Agency Of Industrial Science And Technology Apparatus for surface treatment of synthetic organic polymer mouldings

Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3033703A (en) * 1958-12-08 1962-05-08 Photocircuits Corp Electroless plating of copper
US3075855A (en) * 1958-03-31 1963-01-29 Gen Electric Copper plating process and solutions
US3132983A (en) * 1959-10-30 1964-05-12 Dunlop Rubber Co Bonding of thermoplastic materials
US3262808A (en) * 1960-10-06 1966-07-26 Ici Ltd Method of coating oriented polypropylene films with heat sealable coatings
US3415683A (en) * 1964-09-23 1968-12-10 Gen Electric Corona discharge coating processes
US3462286A (en) * 1963-07-16 1969-08-19 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Method of coating webs with photographic emulsions or other liquid compositions utilizing an electric field
US3475193A (en) * 1963-10-30 1969-10-28 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Method of subbing a photographic film
US3477902A (en) * 1965-10-14 1969-11-11 Radiation Res Corp Process for making tires by exposure to an ionized gas and treatment with resorcinol-formaldehyde/latex composition and the product
US3531314A (en) * 1968-05-13 1970-09-29 Eastman Kodak Co Treatment of polymer surfaces for coating with photographic layers
US3549406A (en) * 1968-04-26 1970-12-22 Eastman Kodak Co Process of coating polymer surfaces activated by corona discharge
US3574070A (en) * 1967-05-11 1971-04-06 Shipley Co Metal plating over plastic
US3590107A (en) * 1969-06-26 1971-06-29 Eastman Kodak Co Method of flame treating subbed sheets of linear polyesters prior to orientation
US3594206A (en) * 1968-06-04 1971-07-20 Deering Milliken Res Corp Latex recoating process
US3697305A (en) * 1969-12-08 1972-10-10 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Method for producing a photographic element
US3704154A (en) * 1970-02-20 1972-11-28 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Process for producing photographic materials
US3705808A (en) * 1969-09-08 1972-12-12 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Photo-sensitive material having uv irradiated polystyrene support
US3723159A (en) * 1970-01-14 1973-03-27 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Method for the production of a photographic element

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3075855A (en) * 1958-03-31 1963-01-29 Gen Electric Copper plating process and solutions
US3033703A (en) * 1958-12-08 1962-05-08 Photocircuits Corp Electroless plating of copper
US3132983A (en) * 1959-10-30 1964-05-12 Dunlop Rubber Co Bonding of thermoplastic materials
US3262808A (en) * 1960-10-06 1966-07-26 Ici Ltd Method of coating oriented polypropylene films with heat sealable coatings
US3462286A (en) * 1963-07-16 1969-08-19 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Method of coating webs with photographic emulsions or other liquid compositions utilizing an electric field
US3475193A (en) * 1963-10-30 1969-10-28 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Method of subbing a photographic film
US3415683A (en) * 1964-09-23 1968-12-10 Gen Electric Corona discharge coating processes
US3477902A (en) * 1965-10-14 1969-11-11 Radiation Res Corp Process for making tires by exposure to an ionized gas and treatment with resorcinol-formaldehyde/latex composition and the product
US3574070A (en) * 1967-05-11 1971-04-06 Shipley Co Metal plating over plastic
US3549406A (en) * 1968-04-26 1970-12-22 Eastman Kodak Co Process of coating polymer surfaces activated by corona discharge
US3531314A (en) * 1968-05-13 1970-09-29 Eastman Kodak Co Treatment of polymer surfaces for coating with photographic layers
US3594206A (en) * 1968-06-04 1971-07-20 Deering Milliken Res Corp Latex recoating process
US3590107A (en) * 1969-06-26 1971-06-29 Eastman Kodak Co Method of flame treating subbed sheets of linear polyesters prior to orientation
US3705808A (en) * 1969-09-08 1972-12-12 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Photo-sensitive material having uv irradiated polystyrene support
US3697305A (en) * 1969-12-08 1972-10-10 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Method for producing a photographic element
US3723159A (en) * 1970-01-14 1973-03-27 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Method for the production of a photographic element
US3704154A (en) * 1970-02-20 1972-11-28 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Process for producing photographic materials

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4120724A (en) * 1972-10-02 1978-10-17 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Subbing material for styrene bases used in photographic elements
US3959528A (en) * 1973-12-19 1976-05-25 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Coating method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2110278B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-08-10
SE375631B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-04-21
GB1340622A (en) 1973-12-12
FR2110278A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-06-02
NL7113768A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-04-11
CA949398A (en) 1974-06-18
AU3434171A (en) 1973-04-12
DE2150137A1 (de) 1972-04-13

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