US3866582A - Combustion engine - Google Patents

Combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3866582A
US3866582A US332375A US33237573A US3866582A US 3866582 A US3866582 A US 3866582A US 332375 A US332375 A US 332375A US 33237573 A US33237573 A US 33237573A US 3866582 A US3866582 A US 3866582A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cylinder
piston
mixture
cylinders
carbureted mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US332375A
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English (en)
Inventor
Francois A Lagarde
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compagnie Francaise de Raffinage SA
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Compagnie Francaise de Raffinage SA
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Publication of US3866582A publication Critical patent/US3866582A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/06—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with auxiliary piston in chamber for transferring ignited charge to cylinder space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B17/00—Engines characterised by means for effecting stratification of charge in cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
    • F02B25/02—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using unidirectional scavenging
    • F02B25/12—Engines with U-shaped cylinders, having ports in each arm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/027—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle four
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/12—Other methods of operation
    • F02B2075/125—Direct injection in the combustion chamber for spark ignition engines, i.e. not in pre-combustion chamber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • PATENTEU FEB 1 81975 SHEET 3 BF 3 COMBUSTION ENGINE The present invention concerns a new internal combustion and controlled ignition engine, the operationof which causes only a minor pollution of the atmosphere. This engine could be called an internal dilution engine.
  • the richness R of the carburetion mixture is usually defined by the following ratio:
  • (Pc/Pa) f being the ratio of the weight of the fuel to the weight of the air under functional (i.e., operating) conditions and (Pa/Pa) 5 being the same ratio under stoichiometric conditions.
  • the richness is above 1.0 and in the contrary case, the richness is below 1.0.
  • an overall richness at full charge on the order of 1.15.
  • the choice of such a value leads to a discharge into the atmosphere of exhaust gases relatively rich in carbon monoxide and in unburned hydrocarbons.
  • a lean mixture is used in order to decrease the level of pollution of unburned hydrocarbons.
  • certain research work has developed an engine in which an ordered heterogeneity of the mixture is established.
  • the mixture is stratified into zones of richness which decrease as one moves away from the spark plug.
  • the stratification is such that the richness is strong in the region of the spark plug and nowhere less than 0.55 in the regions remote from the spark plug.
  • Engines based on this principle are known in which the mixing of the air and gasoline is effected in situ within the cylinder.
  • the gasoline is injected directly in the direction of the spark plug so that at this place the mixture is rich.
  • the stratification is obtained due to the combination of the overall geometry of the cylinder and the turbulent movement of the mixture in the cylinder.
  • Such engines are, however, difficult to perfect, since it has proven a delicate matter to maintain perfect synchronism between the injection of the gasoline, the distribution of the sprayed layer, and the turbulent movement of the gases.
  • the direct injection of gasoline is an expensive technique;
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention involves a four-stroke engine with an overall lean mixture, which engine is comprised of an even number of cylinders whose combustion chambers communicate in pairs.
  • Each pair of associated cylinders has a common exhaust valve, an inlet valve for a first carbureted mixture, and a second inlet valve for either a second leaner carbureted mixture or for air.
  • These inlet'valves are arranged in such a manner that the first mixture and the air (or the second carbureted mixture) are admitted into the first and the second cylinders respectively of the pair of associated cylinders.
  • a spark plug is placed in the path of the first carbureted mixture in the first cylinder.
  • the piston of the second cylinder is retarded by a predetermined amount with respect to, the piston of the first cylinder.
  • An engine constructed in accordance with the invention may operate, at full load, with an overall richness* of the carbureted mixture equal, for instance, to 0.7.
  • overall richness is meant the average richness of thef carbureted mixture introduced into the two associated cylinders.
  • the value of the richness of the two carbureted mixtures introduced into the two cylinders respectively depends on the value which is established for the overall richness. For a given value of the overall richness, it is, however, possible to vary the respective richnesses of the carbureted mixtures within relatively wide limits.
  • the richness X of the first carbureted mixture may be be tween 1.4 and 0.85, while the richness y of the second carbureted mixture will be between 0 and 0.55, with x y/2 0.7.
  • One particular application of the present invention consists in operating the engine with air being introduced into the second cylinder. This is the application which will be described in detail.
  • FIGS. 1 to 6 illustrate the phases of admission, compression, ignition, end-of-combustion, expansion and exhaust respectively of an engine in accordance with the invention.
  • the engine constructed in accordance with the present invention is a four-stroke engine having an even number of cylinders associated in pairs. For clarity, only two associated cylinders have been shown in the drawing, but the description which follows is in all respects valid also for the other associated cylinders of the engine.
  • the engine comprises a cylinder casing 1 and a cylinder head 2 assembled in the customary manner.
  • the walls of these casings have chambers 3 in which the cooling liquid 4 circulates.
  • the cylinder casing 1 has two cylinders 5, 6 separated by the interbore material forming a partition 7. In the cylinders 5, 6 there move the two pistons 8, 9 respectively.
  • the piston 9 is delayed relative to the rotation of the drive shaft by an angle of lag of about 25 as compared with the 258. In other words, the piston 8 arrives at its upper dead center slightly before the piston 9 (see FIG. 3).
  • the cylinder head 2 has on its inner wall a combustion chamber 10, which faces primarily the cylinder 5, and an expulsion surface 11 located above the cylinder 6.
  • the expulsion surface 11 is shaped in such a manner that it is substantially flush with the surface 12 of the piston 9 when the latter is at its upper dead center, while it leaves at the upper part of the inter-bore material 7 a passage 13 for communication between the free spaces 14, 15 of the cylinders 5, 6.
  • the cylinder head comprises, on the side of the cylinder 5, an admission port 16 connected to the carburetor and controlled by a valve 17 and, on the side of the cylinder 6, an air inlet 18 connected to an air box and controlled by a valve 19.
  • the air and carburetedmixture inlets discharge respectively into the combustion chamber 10 via a bent portion 20, 21 oriented in such a manner that the streams of carbureted mixture and air admitted are injected without appreciably mixing in the cylinder and the cylinder 6 respectively.
  • the cylinders 5 and 6 have in common an exhaust valve 22 and a spark plug 23. The spark plug is fixed in the combustion chamber above the cylinder 5 and in the path of the carbureted mixture between the cylinders 5 and 6.
  • FIG. 1 This phase is illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the pistons 8 and 9 move downward and the intake valves 17 and 19 open, thus permitting the carbureted mixture and the air to pass.
  • the carbureted mixture used has, for instance, a richness of the order of 1.3.
  • the two streams of carbureted mixture and air do not mix practically at all and are directed towards the cylinder 5 and the cylinder 6, respectively, in the direction indicated by the arrows F and F2 2. Compression:
  • the combustion is commenced at the moment that the piston 8 approaches its upper dead center.
  • the spark given off by the spark plug propagates theflame through the free space 14 and the combustion chamber 10.
  • the valve 22 opens, allowing the mixture driven by the pistons 8 and 9 to escape.
  • the engine in accordance-with the invention discharges into the at'mosphere'gases which are very poor in incompletely burned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. As part of the battle against the pollution of the atmosphere, one can therefore advantageously equip automobiles with such an engine.
  • this engine will furthermore have the following advantages:
  • the :costbf-construction of the engine is less than that of a conventional engine, since for the same number of cylinders, the number of valves and of spark plugs of the engine of the invention is smaller.
  • the consumption of gasoline will also be reduced as compared with that of the conventional engines. Operation with a lean mixture leads to a consumption which is between that of an ordinary gasoline engine and that of a diesel engine.
  • the octane requirement of the engine is decreased.
  • a fou r-stroke internal combustion engine comprising an even number of cylinders in constant communication therebetween in pairs at the combustion chamber level; for each pair of associated cylinders a com-- mon exhaust valve, a first inlet valve for a first carbureted mixture, and a second inlet valve for air or a second carbureted mixture which is leaner than the first carbureted mixture; the said inlet valves being arranged in such a manner that the first carbureted mixture and the air or the second carbureted mixture are admitted into the first and second cylinders, respectively, of each pair of associated cylinders, a spark plug for each pair located in the path of the first carbureted mixture adjacent the said first cylinder; that volume of the chamber above the piston operative in each second cylinder being smaller than, and shaped to expel the second carbureted mixture or air therein into, that volume of the combustion chamber above the piston operative in each respective first cylinder; the major portion of each said combustion chamber overlying each respective first cylinder and only a small portion thereof overlying each
  • An engine according to claim 1 comprising a cylinder casing containing at least one of said pairs of cylinders separated by an interbore mass forming a partition, a head tightly covering the said cylinder casing, the chambers above the pistons of each pair of two cylinders communicating with each other above said partition in order to form a common combustion chamber, an inlet for the first carbureted mixture controlled by said respective inlet valve and discharging through the controlled by said respective inlet valve and discharging through the head in the direction of the said second cylinder.
  • An engine according to claim 4 comprising an expulsion surface shaped in the head in such a manner that it is substantially flush with the upper surface of the piston of the second cylinder when said piston is at its top dead center, while permitting there to remain, with the upper part of the partition, a passage for communication between the two cylinders.
  • An engine according to claim 5 further comprising a carburation system constructed to give a first carbureted mixture of richness equal to x and a second carbureted mixture of richness equal to y, the values of x and y being such that x y z 0 and x y/2 is approximately equal to the overall richness selected.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
US332375A 1972-02-15 1973-02-14 Combustion engine Expired - Lifetime US3866582A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7205040A FR2172505A5 (cs) 1972-02-15 1972-02-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3866582A true US3866582A (en) 1975-02-18

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US332375A Expired - Lifetime US3866582A (en) 1972-02-15 1973-02-14 Combustion engine

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US3866582A (cs)
JP (1) JPS5026681B2 (cs)
BE (1) BE795411A (cs)
CA (1) CA967096A (cs)
DE (1) DE2307284C3 (cs)
FR (1) FR2172505A5 (cs)
GB (1) GB1417326A (cs)
IT (1) IT978631B (cs)
NL (1) NL158257B (cs)
SE (1) SE391777B (cs)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4106445A (en) * 1973-08-17 1978-08-15 Beveridge John H Reciprocating piston machine with complete combustion system
US4274369A (en) * 1979-09-04 1981-06-23 Rhoads Jack L Stratified cross combustion engine

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2186913B (en) * 1986-02-25 1989-11-08 Coventry City Council Internal combustion engine
FR2610372A1 (fr) * 1987-02-02 1988-08-05 Sauvage Jacques Moteur bicylindre a explosion interne a chambres de combustion interactives

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US642176A (en) * 1898-02-23 1900-01-30 Elihu Thomson Internal-combustion engine.
US1167376A (en) * 1914-07-13 1916-01-11 Joseph Bouteille Internal-combustion engine.
US1372644A (en) * 1921-03-22 Internal-combustion engine
US1639165A (en) * 1925-12-16 1927-08-16 Automotive Valves Co Internal-combustion engine
US1819825A (en) * 1928-10-22 1931-08-18 Guy R Poyer Internal combustion engine
US2234267A (en) * 1939-05-26 1941-03-11 Mallory Marion Internal combustion engine
US2415506A (en) * 1945-02-07 1947-02-11 Mallory Marion Internal-combustion engine
US2415507A (en) * 1945-02-07 1947-02-11 Mallory Marion Internal-combustion engine

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1372644A (en) * 1921-03-22 Internal-combustion engine
US642176A (en) * 1898-02-23 1900-01-30 Elihu Thomson Internal-combustion engine.
US1167376A (en) * 1914-07-13 1916-01-11 Joseph Bouteille Internal-combustion engine.
US1639165A (en) * 1925-12-16 1927-08-16 Automotive Valves Co Internal-combustion engine
US1819825A (en) * 1928-10-22 1931-08-18 Guy R Poyer Internal combustion engine
US2234267A (en) * 1939-05-26 1941-03-11 Mallory Marion Internal combustion engine
US2415506A (en) * 1945-02-07 1947-02-11 Mallory Marion Internal-combustion engine
US2415507A (en) * 1945-02-07 1947-02-11 Mallory Marion Internal-combustion engine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4106445A (en) * 1973-08-17 1978-08-15 Beveridge John H Reciprocating piston machine with complete combustion system
US4274369A (en) * 1979-09-04 1981-06-23 Rhoads Jack L Stratified cross combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL158257B (nl) 1978-10-16
IT978631B (it) 1974-09-20
DE2307284C3 (de) 1978-06-08
BE795411A (fr) 1973-08-14
NL7301643A (cs) 1973-08-17
JPS5026681B2 (cs) 1975-09-02
CA967096A (en) 1975-05-06
DE2307284B2 (de) 1977-10-27
GB1417326A (en) 1975-12-10
JPS4892708A (cs) 1973-12-01
DE2307284A1 (de) 1973-08-23
SE391777B (sv) 1977-02-28
FR2172505A5 (cs) 1973-09-28

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