US3866076A - Electric discharge tube, comprising a highly loaded anode - Google Patents

Electric discharge tube, comprising a highly loaded anode Download PDF

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Publication number
US3866076A
US3866076A US418583A US41858373A US3866076A US 3866076 A US3866076 A US 3866076A US 418583 A US418583 A US 418583A US 41858373 A US41858373 A US 41858373A US 3866076 A US3866076 A US 3866076A
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United States
Prior art keywords
anode
parts
anode member
covered
surface portions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US418583A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hendrikus Willemina Evers
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by US Philips Corp filed Critical US Philips Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3866076A publication Critical patent/US3866076A/en
Priority to US05/648,309 priority Critical patent/USRE29390E/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/74—Cooling arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/28—Non-electron-emitting electrodes; Screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J2893/0012—Constructional arrangements
    • H01J2893/0013—Sealed electrodes

Definitions

  • An electronic tube comprises a anode assembled of two inner anode members and an outer anode member. Surface portions of the inner member which are placed against corresponding surface portions of the outer member have a coefficient of thermal radiation of more than 60% of that of the outer member for a temperature of about 500C.
  • the invention relates to an electronic tube comprising a highly loaded anode (more than 5 Watt per cm which consists of several parts, which parts form two inner anodes and one outer anode, the surfaces of said anode parts being partly placed against each other.
  • the invention relates in particular to the stimulation of the heat transfer between the said parts at a local heating to a temperature of 500C or more.
  • anodes which are composed of several parts and during operation are locally heated to a comparatively high temperature, show a non-uniform distribution in that the heat transfer between the parts is insufficient. This is often the case after the tube has been in operation for some time. Due to expansion of the parts during the heating, deformations may occur as a result of which the heat transfer of surfaces originally placed against each other becomes worse since the surfaces move slightly apart. This may result in local overheating of the anode parts.
  • a considerable improvement of the heat transfer between parts of the inner anodes and the outer anode, of which parts the surfaces are placed at least partly against each other, is obtained if, according to the invention, the surfaces of the inner anodes placed against surfaces of the outer anode have a coefficient of thermal radiation of more than 60 percent of that of the black body for thermal radiation of 500C.
  • the parts of the inner anodes are preferably covered at the surface with a sintered nickel layer and the parts of the outer anode consist of iron which is covered with an aluminum layer.
  • the inner anode parts may also have a surface which consists of carbonised nickel. The improvement is considerable in particular if the operating temperature of the anode parts is locally 500C or more.
  • the curve of the radiation-quotients that is to say the quantity of radiated energy per C, is so steep at 500C and higher that a temperature difference of is already sufficient to make the heat transfer in the abovementioned case sufficiently large so that the decrease of the heat transfer as a result of the moving apart of surfaces which originally engage each other is substantially compensated for.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electric discharge tube in which the invention is used, while FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the various components of the anode of the tube shown in FIG. 1.
  • Reference numeral 1 in FIG. 1 denotes an envelope of an electron tube
  • 2 is a cathode
  • 3 is a control grid
  • 4 is a screen grid.
  • Beam electrodes are denoted by 5.
  • the anode consists of two in'ner anodes 6, 6 and an outer anode 7, 7.
  • the outer anode and each inner anode consists itself of two parts also.
  • the parts 6 of the inner anodes consist at least at the surface of nickel, preferably nickel-plated iron.
  • the parts 7 of the outer anode consist of iron which is covered with an aluminium layer.
  • each inner anode' Two parts 6 of each inner anode'are first connected together, for example, by spot-welding.
  • the parts 6 which are connected to form inner anodes are then covered with nickel oxide, for example, by dipping in a bath of a nickel oxide suspension which may consist, for example, of: 1.5 kg of MO suspended in 2.] l of nitrocellulose solution.
  • the suspension is ground in a ball mill and sieved through a sieve having apertures of0. 1'1 mm (330 meshes per inch).
  • the inner anodes 6,6 are then covered entirely, the surfaces engaging each other excepted, with a grey nickel oxide layer in a thickness of 2 to 4 ,u..
  • the NiO is then converted into a readily heatradiating, grey, sintered nickel layer the coefficient of radiation of which is 65 percent for thermal radiation of 500C.
  • a layer is also favourable in connection with the suppression of secondary emission.
  • the parts 7 of the outer anode are then secured to the inner anodes 6,6-
  • the outer anode consists of iron which is covered with an aluminium layer. By reaction between the iron and the aluminium, the anode surface 7 upon heating is dark coloured so that the coefficient of thermal radiation obtains the desired value.
  • the use of nickelplated iron for the outer anode is more expensive and hence less desirable.
  • the anode parts are connected together, for example, in that lugs 10 of the outer anode parts 7 are forced through holes 11 of the inner anodes.
  • the surfaces 8 and 9 originally engage each other readily so that a good thermal conductivity from the inner anodes 6,6 to the outer anode 7,7 is obtained.
  • the inner anodes 6,6 become very hot since they receive approximately 40 to percent of the electron current and must dissipate their thermal energy mainly by conduction to the outer anode.
  • the temperature of the inner anode may rise to above 500C.
  • the surfaces 8 and 9 are deformed so that they no longer readily engage each other as a result of which the heat transfer from the inner anodes 6,6 to the outer anode 7,7 decreases in an uncontrollable manner.
  • An electronic tube comprising an anode assembled of at least one inner anode member exposed to a higher thermal load and an outer anode member exposed to a lower thermal load, said inner anode member having surface portions placed against corresponding surface portions of said outer anode member and, at a temperature of about 500 degrees centrigrade, said surface portions of the inner anode member having a coefficient of thermal radiation which exceeds the coefficient of the facing surfaces of the outer anode member by at least per cent.
  • An electronic tube as claimed in claim I. characterized in that the parts of the inner anode member are covered at the surface with a sintered nickel layer and the parts of the outer anode member include iron which is covered with an aluminum layer.

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US418583A 1972-12-29 1973-11-23 Electric discharge tube, comprising a highly loaded anode Expired - Lifetime US3866076A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/648,309 USRE29390E (en) 1972-12-29 1976-01-12 Electric discharge tube, comprising a highly loaded anode

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7217782A NL7217782A (bs) 1972-12-29 1972-12-29

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/648,309 Reissue USRE29390E (en) 1972-12-29 1976-01-12 Electric discharge tube, comprising a highly loaded anode

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3866076A true US3866076A (en) 1975-02-11

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ID=19817647

Family Applications (1)

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US418583A Expired - Lifetime US3866076A (en) 1972-12-29 1973-11-23 Electric discharge tube, comprising a highly loaded anode

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3866076A (bs)
JP (1) JPS4999262A (bs)
CA (1) CA1003889A (bs)
DE (1) DE2361309A1 (bs)
FR (1) FR2212633B1 (bs)
GB (1) GB1435188A (bs)
IT (1) IT1000634B (bs)
NL (1) NL7217782A (bs)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2892113A (en) * 1958-05-12 1959-06-23 Engelhard Ind Inc Electrical discharge lamp
US3254260A (en) * 1962-12-27 1966-05-31 Philips Corp Electron discharge device for very high frequencies
US3567982A (en) * 1968-12-23 1971-03-02 Sylvania Electric Prod Electron discharge device anode fin having heat distortion preventive means incorporated therein
US3586100A (en) * 1968-09-28 1971-06-22 Nippon Electric Co Heat dissipating devices for the collectors of electron-beam tube
US3641380A (en) * 1970-02-24 1972-02-08 Gen Electric Anode electrode for electron discharge device
US3641381A (en) * 1970-02-24 1972-02-08 Gen Electric Electron discharge device

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2892113A (en) * 1958-05-12 1959-06-23 Engelhard Ind Inc Electrical discharge lamp
US3254260A (en) * 1962-12-27 1966-05-31 Philips Corp Electron discharge device for very high frequencies
US3586100A (en) * 1968-09-28 1971-06-22 Nippon Electric Co Heat dissipating devices for the collectors of electron-beam tube
US3567982A (en) * 1968-12-23 1971-03-02 Sylvania Electric Prod Electron discharge device anode fin having heat distortion preventive means incorporated therein
US3641380A (en) * 1970-02-24 1972-02-08 Gen Electric Anode electrode for electron discharge device
US3641381A (en) * 1970-02-24 1972-02-08 Gen Electric Electron discharge device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2361309A1 (de) 1974-07-04
IT1000634B (it) 1976-04-10
NL7217782A (bs) 1974-07-02
FR2212633A1 (bs) 1974-07-26
JPS4999262A (bs) 1974-09-19
GB1435188A (en) 1976-05-12
FR2212633B1 (bs) 1976-10-08
CA1003889A (en) 1977-01-18

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