US3865639A - Method of manufacture improving the behaviour of welded heat-resistant steel parts - Google Patents

Method of manufacture improving the behaviour of welded heat-resistant steel parts Download PDF

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Publication number
US3865639A
US3865639A US330635A US33063573A US3865639A US 3865639 A US3865639 A US 3865639A US 330635 A US330635 A US 330635A US 33063573 A US33063573 A US 33063573A US 3865639 A US3865639 A US 3865639A
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United States
Prior art keywords
seam
welded
parts
welding
tubes
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Expired - Lifetime
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US330635A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jean Bellot
Michel Hugo
Jacques Thuillier
Roger Hubert
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Societe des Acieries de Pompey
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Societe des Acieries de Pompey
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
    • B23K35/3086—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent containing Ni or Mn
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12347—Plural layers discontinuously bonded [e.g., spot-weld, mechanical fastener, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12951—Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12958—Next to Fe-base component
    • Y10T428/12965—Both containing 0.01-1.7% carbon [i.e., steel]

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Method of manufacture improving the behaviour of welded piecesof heat-resistant steel withstanding working temperatures ranging from 900 to 1,050C.
  • the pieces are made of high-alloy austenitic steels alloyed with chromium, nickel and/or cobalt arid containing less than 60 percent iron and up to 0.5 percent carbon with small concentrations of additional elements such as manganese and silicon and the weldings are subjected to a heat-treatment ata temperature comprised between about 1,100C and 1,200C during a period of time of from several minutes to a few hours.
  • Such heat-resistant steels are used more particularly in cracking and reforming units for various petroleum fractions, provided with heat-exchange tubes made from such steels and working at temperatures ranging from about 900 to l,050C.
  • the tubes are butt welded by means of a filler metal which is deposited in a groove provided between the two adjacent ends of two tubes to be welded, above a seam forming a weld root and performed in the first place on the internal wall of the mutually confronting ends of the two tubes to be assembled.
  • austenitic steels of this type are not subjected to heat treatments such as for instance annealing, which are not favourable to their mutual welding and which considerably reduce the instantaneous elongation values.
  • Such austenitic steels entail serious difficulties in use owing to the welds being relatively brittle and resulting in premature ruptures in the welds of the welded assemblies. This applies in particular to the heatexchange tubes used in cracking and reforming units, all the more as the diameter and thickness of the tubes are important.
  • heat-resistant high-alloy austenitic steels alloyed with chromium, nickel and/or cobalt, and containing less than 60 percent iron and up to 0.5 percent carbon with small concentrations of additional elements such as, in particular, manganese and silicon, are subjected subsequent to welding to a homogenization heat-treatment at a temperature comprised between about l,lC and l,200C during a period of time of from several minutes to a few hours, the said treatment being followed by controlled cooling.
  • Such a method leads to a considerably increased resistance, in particular to creep rupture at the above-mentioned high working temperatures of the welded assemblies of the heat-resistant alloys (steels) having the aforementioned compositions.
  • the said treatment imparts to the welds a tensile strength at least equal to that of the base metal constituting the welded pieces.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a preliminary stage of the butt welding of two heat-resistant steel parts
  • FIG. 2 shows the two steel parts of FIG. 1 assembled by welding and diagrammatically illustrates the general orientation of the crystals depending upon the region considered;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate curves in logarithmic coordinates, showing the tensile strength plotted in ordinates in kg/m as a function of the time, plotted in abscissae in hours, during which the said parts are subjected to a creep action at a given high working temperature, for instance on the order of 950C, for various portions of the said parts prior and subsequent to treatment;
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a variant ofwelding of two tubes to which the method of the invention may be applied.
  • FIG. I diagrammatically illustrates the abutment of two pieces 10, ll of heat-resistant austenitic steel of the abovementioned grades.
  • the said steel pieces may be constituted for example by plates or by tubes.
  • the internal wall of the tubes is the wall 10a, 11a, whereas the external wall of the tubes is the wall 10b, 11b.
  • the welding is performed by means of a filler metal and by providing a groove 12, the opening of which is directed towards the external face of the tubes between the bevel surfaces 10c, lie of the said tubes.
  • the tubes abut by their heels 10d, lid on the internal side of the tubes.
  • the welding is performed in two stages.
  • a root pass is carried out, which forms a weld seam 13 in the region of the heels 10d, 11d.
  • This pass may be performed by simple fusion of the heels 10d, 11d or by means of deposited metal of nearly similar chemical composition or a higher alloy metal.
  • the weld is completed by filling the groove 12 by means of successive passes of deposited metal, thus forming the filling seam l4.
  • the welding may be performed by any known technique, e.g. manual arc-welding, automatic flux or inert gas welding, electron-bombardment welding, friction welding, automatic welding with or without filler wire, etc..
  • the cooling speed of the re-fused metal of the root seam 13 is very rapid.
  • the solidification is oriented (general orientation of the crystals) as diagrammatized in FIG. 2. Otherwise stated, the orientation of the crystallization of the root seam 13 is substantially perpendicular to that of the tubes and Hand of the filling seam l4. 1n the medial portion of the root seam 13 is observed a solidification front 15 which is constituted by a carbide-free austenite border. This chemical discontinuity is a region of premature ruptures in use and in creeprupture test pieces, forming incipient cracks.
  • the parts to be welded may be preheated up to a temperature which causes neither precipitation of carbon into solid solution in the matrix, nor the transformation of the primary carbides in M C M C
  • the pre-heating is performed at between 500 and 600C; it enables the welding to be achieved more easily, but'it does not remove the hot brittleness of the solidification front 15 of the root seam 13.
  • the method of the invention enables this brittleness to be removed.
  • the said steels are subjected, subsequent to welding, to a homogenization heat-treatment at a temperature comprised between about 1,100 and l,200C during a period of time of from several minutes to a few hours, the said treatment being followed by controlled cooling.
  • the homogenization treatment temperature must be sufficient to dissolve the carbides precipitated during the solidification.
  • the carbon thus re-passed into solid solution diffuses and is distributed uniformly in the matrix of the re-fused metal of the root pass.
  • the heat treatment thus applied removes the chemical heterogeneity of the solidification front 15.
  • the temperature of the treatment must be higher than l,050C and preferably comprised between l,l00 and l,200C, depending of course upon the chemical composition of the metal deposited in the weld and that of the base metal.
  • the duration of the heat treatment at from 1,100 to l,200C is comprised between several munutes and a A few hours, depending upon the thickness of the tubes and the carbon-content of the materials. In practice it is on the order of from one to several hours.
  • the base metal is an alloy having the following chemical composition:
  • Root seam (13) 1150C Zhrs. 1.5 l 348 hrs. Root 1000C seam (13) untreated 0.9 870 hrs.
  • the application of the method of the invention therefore results in a considerable improvement in the creep resistance of the weld root seam l3 and in a slight improvement of the creep resistance of the filling seam 14.
  • the improvement obtained is all the more important as the service time is long.
  • the curves of FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the results given in the above tables I and II. Referring to FIG. 4, it is seen that, whereas for untreated pieces used previously the ruptures in service occurred after about 25,000 hours, i.e., 3 years,.the resistance of the pieces EXAMPLE 2
  • the base metal is an alloy of the following composition:
  • the thickness of the tube and the welding conditions are identical with those of Example 1.
  • the creep breaking tests are performed at 950C.
  • the results of the tests are given in the following table 111:
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the electron bombardment buttwelding of two tubes 16, 17 without filler metal.
  • the solidification front 18 passes through the whole thickness of the tube. It is precisely for this reason that this kind of welding was not applied up to the present, for the welds were highly brittle for the heatresistant alloys under consideration.
  • the electron bombardment gun may be used, subsequent to welding, to perform the homogenization heattreatment according to the invention.
  • the improvement of the weld seam 18 is on the samerorder as that in the two foregoing examples for the root seam 13.
  • homogenization heat-treatment according to the invention is carried out in any suitable manner.
  • the heating of the tube is performed up to the treatment temperature of l,l50C by raising the temperature by 300C per hour.
  • the treatment temperature of 1,150C is then maintained for 2 hours.
  • a cooling down to 800C is performed by lowering the temperature by C per hour.
  • the subsequent cooling is performed in air.
  • Steel A.S.T.M. grade HK i.e., comprising in particular 25 percent chromium and 20 percent nickel.
  • A.S.T.M. grade l-IT or HU i.e., comprising 15 percent chromium and 35 percent nickel.
  • A.S.T.M. grade HX i.e., comprising 15 percent chromium and 65 percent nickel.
  • MANAURITE 36X comprising 35 percent nickel, 25 percent chromium and niobium.
  • Method of manufacturing a welded assembly the welded parts of which withstand working temperatures ranging from about 900C. to 1050C, said parts being of at least one high alloy-austenitic steel alloyed with chromium, nickel and/or cobalt and containing less than 60 percent by weight iron and up to 0.5 percent by weight carbon with small concentrations of additional elements such as manganese and silicon, wherein said parts are submitted to welding, said welding resulting in the formation of at least a weld seam comprising a solidification front corresponding to a physical and chemical discontinuity in said seam, said welded seam being also of said high alloy austenitic steel, and then causing the said solidification front to become chemically homogeneous, causing the carbides of said welded seam to be in the precipitated state at a maximum extent and according to a fine uniform distribution, and causing the resistance to creep rupture and the tensile strength of said weld seam to increase to values at least approximately equal to those of the welded parts all by submitting at least said seam and the adjacent
  • said welded parts are two tubes which are butt-welded, said welding comprising the formation of an inner root seam by fusing the inner side of a free end of one of said tubes against the inner side of a free end of the other tube and the subsequent formation of an outer filler scam in an external groove provided between said two ends by depositing the metal of said outer seam in said groove.
  • said welded parts are two tubes which are butt-welded by fusing a free end of one of said tubes against a free end of the other tube, said welding comprising the formation of only one weld seam passing through the whole depth of the tubes.
  • welded assembly prepared according to the pro cess of claim 1 and comprising two welded parts and at least a weld seam between said parts, both said parts and said seam being of at least one high alloy austenitic steel alloyed with chromium, nickel and/or cobalt and containing less than 60 percent by weight iron and up to 0.5 by weight carbon with small concentrations of additional elements such as manganese and silicon, said seam having no predominant crystallization direction, the solidification front of said seam as Well as the other areas thereof presenting an uniform and fine distribution of carbides, and said solidification front being chemically homogeneous.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
US330635A 1972-12-15 1973-02-08 Method of manufacture improving the behaviour of welded heat-resistant steel parts Expired - Lifetime US3865639A (en)

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FR7244814A FR2210666B1 (de) 1972-12-15 1972-12-15

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US (1) US3865639A (de)
JP (1) JPS4990240A (de)
BE (1) BE794848A (de)
DE (1) DE2305952A1 (de)
ES (1) ES411334A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2210666B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1424621A (de)
IT (1) IT978915B (de)
NL (1) NL7301991A (de)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4169745A (en) * 1977-08-19 1979-10-02 Vereinigte Osterreichische Eisen- Und Stahlwerke-Alpine Montan Aktiengesellschaft Method of joining frogs of wear-resisting manganese steel castings to rails of carbon steel
US4336083A (en) * 1980-04-24 1982-06-22 Asko, Inc. Method of producing knife for cutting hot metal
US5170932A (en) * 1990-07-20 1992-12-15 Voest-Alpine Eisenbahnsysteme Gesellschaft M.B.H. Method for connection of railway point components consisting of cast hard manganese steel or manganese steel rails to a rail made from carbon steel
US5217158A (en) * 1992-07-14 1993-06-08 Brush Wellman, Inc. Process for thermodynamically treating a region joining two members
US6177205B1 (en) * 1996-05-24 2001-01-23 Bwg Butzbacher Weichenbau Gmbh Process for producing a permanent way component and such a component
US6333484B1 (en) * 2000-03-17 2001-12-25 Chromalloy Gas Turbine Corporation Welding superalloy articles
US6749697B2 (en) * 2000-03-02 2004-06-15 Sandvik Ab Duplex stainless steel
WO2005024071A1 (en) * 2003-09-03 2005-03-17 Fluor Technologies Corporation Post weld heat treatment for chemically stabilized austenitic stainless steel
US20060086708A1 (en) * 2004-10-22 2006-04-27 Coleman Kent K Methods for extending the life of alloy steel welded joints by elimination and reduction of the HAZ
US20160167150A1 (en) * 2013-07-29 2016-06-16 D.G. Weld S.R.L. Method for coating, with metallic material, bodies made of spheroidal cast iron, and plans for moulds of machines for aluminium die casting made with said method
US10471544B2 (en) 2014-05-09 2019-11-12 Autotech Engineering A.I.E. Methods for joining two blanks
US11440106B2 (en) * 2016-10-26 2022-09-13 Schmidt + Clemens Gmbh + Co. Kg Deep hole drilling method as well as tool for a deep hole drilling machine and deep hole drilling machine
US11469641B2 (en) * 2017-08-03 2022-10-11 Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. Rotor and motor comprising same
DE102022105658A1 (de) 2022-03-10 2023-09-14 Vdm Metals International Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils aus dem Halbzeug einer Nickel-Chrom-Aluminium-Legierung
WO2023169629A1 (de) 2022-03-10 2023-09-14 Vdm Metals International Gmbh VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES MIT SCHWEIßNÄHTEN VERSEHENEN BAUTEILS AUS EINER NICKEL-CHROM-ALUMINIUM-LEGIERUNG

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS58176095A (ja) * 1982-04-07 1983-10-15 Mitsubishi Metal Corp 耐溶接割れ性のすぐれた硬質肉盛溶接用Ｃｏ基合金

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2200229A (en) * 1929-01-04 1940-05-07 Nirosta Corp Welded construction
US2544336A (en) * 1949-05-02 1951-03-06 Armco Steel Corp Weld composition

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR928763A (fr) * 1941-12-17 1947-12-08 Mond Nickel Co Ltd Perfectionnements aux articles et pièces soumis à des tensions aux températures élevées

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2200229A (en) * 1929-01-04 1940-05-07 Nirosta Corp Welded construction
US2544336A (en) * 1949-05-02 1951-03-06 Armco Steel Corp Weld composition

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4169745A (en) * 1977-08-19 1979-10-02 Vereinigte Osterreichische Eisen- Und Stahlwerke-Alpine Montan Aktiengesellschaft Method of joining frogs of wear-resisting manganese steel castings to rails of carbon steel
US4336083A (en) * 1980-04-24 1982-06-22 Asko, Inc. Method of producing knife for cutting hot metal
US5170932A (en) * 1990-07-20 1992-12-15 Voest-Alpine Eisenbahnsysteme Gesellschaft M.B.H. Method for connection of railway point components consisting of cast hard manganese steel or manganese steel rails to a rail made from carbon steel
US5217158A (en) * 1992-07-14 1993-06-08 Brush Wellman, Inc. Process for thermodynamically treating a region joining two members
US6177205B1 (en) * 1996-05-24 2001-01-23 Bwg Butzbacher Weichenbau Gmbh Process for producing a permanent way component and such a component
US6749697B2 (en) * 2000-03-02 2004-06-15 Sandvik Ab Duplex stainless steel
US6333484B1 (en) * 2000-03-17 2001-12-25 Chromalloy Gas Turbine Corporation Welding superalloy articles
WO2001087528A3 (en) * 2000-03-17 2002-02-28 Chromalloy Gas Turbine Corp Welding superalloy articles
WO2005024071A1 (en) * 2003-09-03 2005-03-17 Fluor Technologies Corporation Post weld heat treatment for chemically stabilized austenitic stainless steel
US20060086708A1 (en) * 2004-10-22 2006-04-27 Coleman Kent K Methods for extending the life of alloy steel welded joints by elimination and reduction of the HAZ
US7371988B2 (en) * 2004-10-22 2008-05-13 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Methods for extending the life of alloy steel welded joints by elimination and reduction of the HAZ
US20160167150A1 (en) * 2013-07-29 2016-06-16 D.G. Weld S.R.L. Method for coating, with metallic material, bodies made of spheroidal cast iron, and plans for moulds of machines for aluminium die casting made with said method
US10471544B2 (en) 2014-05-09 2019-11-12 Autotech Engineering A.I.E. Methods for joining two blanks
US11440106B2 (en) * 2016-10-26 2022-09-13 Schmidt + Clemens Gmbh + Co. Kg Deep hole drilling method as well as tool for a deep hole drilling machine and deep hole drilling machine
US11469641B2 (en) * 2017-08-03 2022-10-11 Lg Innotek Co., Ltd. Rotor and motor comprising same
DE102022105658A1 (de) 2022-03-10 2023-09-14 Vdm Metals International Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils aus dem Halbzeug einer Nickel-Chrom-Aluminium-Legierung
WO2023169628A1 (de) 2022-03-10 2023-09-14 Vdm Metals International Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung eines bauteils aus dem halbzeug einer nickel-chrom-aluminium-legierung
WO2023169629A1 (de) 2022-03-10 2023-09-14 Vdm Metals International Gmbh VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG EINES MIT SCHWEIßNÄHTEN VERSEHENEN BAUTEILS AUS EINER NICKEL-CHROM-ALUMINIUM-LEGIERUNG
DE102022105659A1 (de) 2022-03-10 2023-09-14 Vdm Metals International Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mit Schweißnähten versehenen Bauteils aus einer Nickel-Chrom-Aluminium-Legierung

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Publication number Publication date
NL7301991A (de) 1974-06-18
GB1424621A (en) 1976-02-11
JPS4990240A (de) 1974-08-28
ES411334A1 (es) 1975-12-01
FR2210666B1 (de) 1975-07-04
DE2305952A1 (de) 1974-07-04
FR2210666A1 (de) 1974-07-12
BE794848A (fr) 1973-05-29
IT978915B (it) 1974-09-20

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