US3865219A - One-way drive rotary couplings, especially mechanisms of the free wheel type - Google Patents

One-way drive rotary couplings, especially mechanisms of the free wheel type Download PDF

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Publication number
US3865219A
US3865219A US332557A US33255773A US3865219A US 3865219 A US3865219 A US 3865219A US 332557 A US332557 A US 332557A US 33255773 A US33255773 A US 33255773A US 3865219 A US3865219 A US 3865219A
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United States
Prior art keywords
shoe
coupling according
skid
coupling
angle
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Expired - Lifetime
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US332557A
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English (en)
Inventor
Michel Dossier
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Bpifrance Financement SA
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Agence National de Valorisation de la Recherche ANVAR
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/06—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • F16D41/063—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by moving along the inner and the outer surface without pivoting or rolling, e.g. sliding wedges

Definitions

  • the coupling comprises two coaxial, relatively rotary members. Between the central member and the sleeve member is a shoe, to fix one member rigidly to the other in one rotary direction. The shoe is slidable over a surface of revolution of the sleeve coaxial to the coupling and a rotary skid is inserted between the shoe and the central member and slidable over a flat surface, belonging either to the shoe or to said member, or to a part fast to one of these two elements.
  • the axis of rotation of the skid is suitably displaced with respect to the axial plane normal to said flat surface.
  • a spring cooperates with the central member and the shoe, urging the sliding surfaces to maintain contact.
  • the shoe may be a bar supported at its two ends by two contact zones on the cylindrical sliding surface of the sleeve.
  • the invention relates to a coupling mechanism connecting two solid masses rotatable with respect to one another around an axis, having the function of preventing one of the two possible directions of rotation, without opposing any appreciable resistance in the other direction; irreversible spring catches, unwinders, or free wheels.
  • the shoe may be constituted of a sort of bar slidable at its two ends on a cylindrical sliding surface of revolution or the like, of the sleeve, whilst the skid, mounted in rotary manner in the shoe and for example in the form of a cylinder truncated along a plane parallel to its generators, can slide on a flat surface of the central member.
  • the skid mounted in rotary manner in the central member and sliding on a flat surface of the shoe.
  • the latter arrangement is advantageous, since it permits improvement in the wedge effect between the shoe and the cylindrical surface to be driven.
  • the various parts, skid and bar are easy to produce mechanically.
  • the obtaining or machining of the bar, of which the cylindrical surfaces in engagement with the corresponding surface of the sleeve are of relatively slight amplitude necessitates much less accuracy than in the case of a segment intended to come into contact, over the whole of its outer surface, with said sleeve.
  • This displacement will, generally, be selected sufficiently small to ensure unilateral blocking without sliding nor retardation in the driving direction, and sufficiently great however to avoid any wedging resistance in the reverse direction.
  • the invention relates particularly to a method of calculation enabling the determination easily of the most favourable value of this displacement as a function of the parameters coming into play, particularly the coefficients of friction between the various surfaces.
  • the invention comprises, apart from these main features, certain other features which are preferably used at the same time and which will be more explicitly considered below, especially a feature according to which the devices of the type concerned are provided with shoes capable of occupying at will one or other of the two operational positions symmetrical on each side of the axial plane normal to the flat sliding surface, under the effect of a tilting actuation, which thus permits the production of a one-way spring catch mechanism reversable at will.
  • FIG. 1 of these drawings illustrates diagrammatically, in sectional elevation transverse to the axis, a coupling with shoes and self-orientable skids, constructed according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates, in a drawing analogous to that of FIG. 1, the principles to be respected to determine the geometry and arrangement of the different parts of a coupling according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show similarly a coupling according to the invention, with three shoes, respectively in a view analogous to FIG. 1, and in partial axial section.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 illustrate, similarly to FIG. 3, three modifications of these embodiments.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate respectively and in transverse sectional elevation, and in partial axial section, another embodiment, with groove means to prevent the formation of a film of oil.
  • FIGS. 10 to 12 illustrate, similarly to FIG. 1, various other embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 There is shown in FIG. 1, one of the embodiments using the principles of the invention which can be adopted.
  • a one-way coupling is produced between the shaft A and a ring or sleeve B, rotatable with respect to one another around an axis 0, by means of two systems of intermediate parts inserted between the shaft and the ring, each system comprising a shoe such as P, a self-orientable skid, in the form of a cylinder or truncated sphere, such as S, and a spring such as R which tends to hold the parts in contact (it will be seen below, with reference to FIG. 11, that a single system thus composed could possibly suffice).
  • the inner surface of the ring B comprises a part G which is a part of revolution around the axis 0, forming a continuous sliding path on which the shoe P is supported, which is in the form of a bar in contact at its two ends, through the contact facettes D,D', E,E, with said path.
  • the shaft A comprises two flat surfaces such as C, parallel to the axis and symmetrical with respect to It.
  • a self-orientable skid such as S which is on the other hand in contact with the corresponding shoe P along a surface T, for example cylindrical and of circular profile, of radius r and of axis K displaced by distance e from the axis 0 or more accurately from the axial plane y'y (passing through 0) normal to the surface C.
  • the surface T being of circular profile, the skid S can turn around its axis K with respect to the shoe.
  • the spring such as R holds in contact at the same time the shoe P with the sliding path G, the skid S with the cam C, and the shoe P with the skid S along the surface T.
  • the assembly produces a one-way coupling between the shaft A and the ring B, the ring being rotatably freely with respect to the shaft A in the direction of the arrow F, without other resistance than the couple created by the contact springs R, any rotation in opposite direction being on the other hand prevented.
  • This direction F is, conversely, the drive direction of the ring B by the shaft A.
  • this force H cuts the segment OL at a point X situated between O and L (FIG. 2), the point L being the intersection of the tangents at the circle F emerging from D and E and deduced respectively from the radii D,,O and E 0 for an'angle of rotation d) in the direction of the arrow F.
  • relationship 1 denotes the length OL, g the radius of the circle G and B the angle of EO, with the direction Ox of plane C (FIG. 2).
  • the length 1 given by the formula (2) above represents the maximum value of the lever arm with which the force H can rotate the ring B, in the limiting case where the support of said force H would be perpendicular at L to the line OL.
  • Em instead of E ,,O x in the jamming formula (4) and m instead ofm in the second non-jamming formula (6).
  • skids will for example be produced of bronze or antifriction alloy, or of plastics material such as those known as TEFLON or DELRIN.
  • the coefficient of friction t1; could also be reduced by linings or suitable surface treatments, such as sulfinization for example. It is understood that the abovesaid skids will also-be able to be of steel like the other parts of the free wheel, but preferably sulfinized. If necessary, the shoes could be of cast iron.
  • FIG. 4 represents in axial section a free wheel with three shoes of which the front view is shown in FIG. 3, which results in obtaining an apparent coefficient of friction d greater than the angle of friction 4) corresponding to the case of cylindrical surfaces (FIGS. 1 and 2),
  • stop means as indicated in FIGS. 7 and 8, at 3, with a view to limiting the amplitude of recoil by inertia of the shoes P in the case where the hub A is capable of considerable angular acceleration in the permitted direction, opposite the arrow F.
  • FIG. 8 shows a partial axial section of ring B, to provide axial grooves 1 on the friction surface ofthe shoes and of the tangential grooves 2 on the sliding track of the ring B, the crossing of these grooves dividing the contact surface into a grid of contact pavings, this arrangement being provided to prevent the possible formation of a film of oil between the shoe and the ring.
  • FIG. 10 shows that the free wheels according to the invention can also be produced with skids S pivoting in the shaft A and shoes sliding on them.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates the possibility of using the operational principle of FIG. 10, with a skid pivoting in the shaft A, but with a single shoe-skid assembly.
  • the shaft A is for example held and reamed at the end to receive the shoe P and the skid S, a sufficient play being left for movements of the shoe P.
  • the interrupted lines recall the principles of construction illustrated by FIG. 2, and with the same notations. But here the force H is balanced by an equal and opposite force I-I, tangential to the circle of friction I. The intersection J of the support of this force H and of the circle G determines the support point of the hub A on the ring B in drive position. On disengagement, this point J is the instantaneous centre of rotation of A with respect to B, and it is easy to note that the angle that U and KI form is well in excess of the angle of friction, which enables deblocking without jamming from the point I.
  • the line D'E' does not cut the circle of friction I", but the large opening of the angle D'OE indicates that it is prudent to duplicate the compression spring R by a draw-spring T in order to ensure the driving of the shoe when the shaft A tends to rotate, or rotate in the permitted direction with respect to the ring B which surrounds it.
  • FIG. 12 lastly, illustrates very diagrammatically the principle of a reversable free wheel according to the invention, that is to say that it can at will, be reversed with respect to the direction of blocking.
  • the shoes P and their associated skids S are capable of occupying, with respect to the shaft A, one or other of two symmetrical positions with respect to the axis yy passing through and perpendicular to the sliding surfaces of the hub, and can be held in elastic support in one or other of these positions by a tilting actuating device, not shown in the Figure.
  • the direction of drive F (F or F) can hence, in this way, be reversed at will.
  • one-way drive rotary coupling systems can be constructed of which the operation emerges sufficiently from the foregoing for it to be unnecessary to dwell further on the subject, and which have with numerous advantages, respect to pre-existing systems of the type concerned, for example:
  • One-way drive rotary coupling of the free-wheel type comprising a central member and a sleeve member, one member turning relative to the other around the same axis, intermediate means of the wedge or shoe type arranged between said central and said sleeve member, so as to fix one member rigidly to the other in one of the directions of rotation, said intermediate means being constituted by at least one shoe slidable over a surface of revolution of the sleeve member coaxial to the coupling and a skid inserted in rotary manner between the shoe and the central member and having a flat surface slidable over a flat surface carried by one of these two elements, the axis of rotation of the skid being suitably displaced with respect to the axial plane normal to said flat surface, at least one spring being also provided to cooperate with the central member and the shoe, to tend to maintain contact between the sliding surfaces.
  • said material surface with a low coefficient of friction is selected from the group consisting of bronze, Teflon, Delrin or a sulflnized surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
US332557A 1972-02-23 1973-02-15 One-way drive rotary couplings, especially mechanisms of the free wheel type Expired - Lifetime US3865219A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7206159A FR2173421A5 (en, 2012) 1972-02-23 1972-02-23

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US (1) US3865219A (en, 2012)
JP (1) JPS4898254A (en, 2012)
AT (1) AT334142B (en, 2012)
AU (1) AU466591B2 (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE795900A (en, 2012)
BR (1) BR7301379D0 (en, 2012)
CA (1) CA981194A (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH577646A5 (en, 2012)
CS (1) CS166050B2 (en, 2012)
DD (1) DD101950A5 (en, 2012)
DE (1) DE2308473C3 (en, 2012)
ES (1) ES411865A1 (en, 2012)
FR (1) FR2173421A5 (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB1420352A (en, 2012)
HU (1) HU167404B (en, 2012)
IT (1) IT976548B (en, 2012)
LU (1) LU67067A1 (en, 2012)
NL (1) NL157971B (en, 2012)
NO (1) NO135378C (en, 2012)
PL (1) PL82432B1 (en, 2012)
SE (1) SE405498B (en, 2012)
SU (1) SU561524A3 (en, 2012)
ZA (1) ZA731179B (en, 2012)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4854274A (en) * 1988-02-25 1989-08-08 Dingess Billy E Power booster internal combustion engine flywheel
US5238461A (en) * 1991-02-11 1993-08-24 Gotman Alexander S Reactionlless differential rotary driver having optimized output torques
US5967267A (en) * 1996-02-12 1999-10-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Roller unlocking sprags
US6079532A (en) * 1998-11-25 2000-06-27 Worktools, Inc. Slide switch selectable one way clutch
US6082512A (en) * 1999-04-13 2000-07-04 Worktools, Inc. Selectable one way stepless clutch
US20070023248A1 (en) * 2005-08-01 2007-02-01 Timken Us Corporation Clutch assembly
US20080149448A1 (en) * 2006-12-21 2008-06-26 Luk Lamellen Und Kupplungsbau Beteiligungs Kg Wedge one-way clutch
RU193644U1 (ru) * 2018-12-14 2019-11-07 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Нижегородский государственный технический университет им. Р.Е. Алексеева" (НГТУ) Храповой механизм с кулачковой собачкой
US20230217860A1 (en) * 2022-01-11 2023-07-13 Techtronic Cordless Gp Clutch and work machine having same
RU219646U1 (ru) * 2022-11-16 2023-07-31 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Нижегородский государственный технический университет им. Р.Е. Алексеева"(НГТУ) Механизм преобразования качательного движения в прерывистое поступательное
US20240183410A1 (en) * 2022-12-01 2024-06-06 Techtronic Cordless Gp Clutch and work machine having same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112984003A (zh) * 2019-12-18 2021-06-18 重庆隆鑫通航发动机制造有限公司 一种楔块式过载保护传动装置及发动机

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3345093A (en) * 1965-02-16 1967-10-03 Koppers Co Inc Coupling for shafts and the like
US3365037A (en) * 1965-06-25 1968-01-23 Bertram A. Fulton Directional power transmission

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3345093A (en) * 1965-02-16 1967-10-03 Koppers Co Inc Coupling for shafts and the like
US3365037A (en) * 1965-06-25 1968-01-23 Bertram A. Fulton Directional power transmission

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4854274A (en) * 1988-02-25 1989-08-08 Dingess Billy E Power booster internal combustion engine flywheel
US5238461A (en) * 1991-02-11 1993-08-24 Gotman Alexander S Reactionlless differential rotary driver having optimized output torques
US5967267A (en) * 1996-02-12 1999-10-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Roller unlocking sprags
US6079532A (en) * 1998-11-25 2000-06-27 Worktools, Inc. Slide switch selectable one way clutch
US6082512A (en) * 1999-04-13 2000-07-04 Worktools, Inc. Selectable one way stepless clutch
EP1044768A3 (en) * 1999-04-13 2003-07-30 Worktools, inc. Selectable one way stepless clutch
US20070023248A1 (en) * 2005-08-01 2007-02-01 Timken Us Corporation Clutch assembly
US20080149448A1 (en) * 2006-12-21 2008-06-26 Luk Lamellen Und Kupplungsbau Beteiligungs Kg Wedge one-way clutch
US7987958B2 (en) * 2006-12-21 2011-08-02 Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Wedge one-way clutch
RU193644U1 (ru) * 2018-12-14 2019-11-07 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Нижегородский государственный технический университет им. Р.Е. Алексеева" (НГТУ) Храповой механизм с кулачковой собачкой
US20230217860A1 (en) * 2022-01-11 2023-07-13 Techtronic Cordless Gp Clutch and work machine having same
RU219646U1 (ru) * 2022-11-16 2023-07-31 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Нижегородский государственный технический университет им. Р.Е. Алексеева"(НГТУ) Механизм преобразования качательного движения в прерывистое поступательное
US20240183410A1 (en) * 2022-12-01 2024-06-06 Techtronic Cordless Gp Clutch and work machine having same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2308473A1 (de) 1973-08-30
ZA731179B (en) 1974-07-31
AU5239873A (en) 1974-08-22
CA981194A (en) 1976-01-06
AT334142B (de) 1976-12-27
CS166050B2 (en, 2012) 1976-01-29
ATA155973A (de) 1976-04-15
SU561524A3 (ru) 1977-06-05
NO135378B (en, 2012) 1976-12-20
HU167404B (en, 2012) 1975-10-28
FR2173421A5 (en, 2012) 1973-10-05
JPS4898254A (en, 2012) 1973-12-13
GB1420352A (en) 1976-01-07
PL82432B1 (en, 2012) 1975-10-31
NL7302159A (en, 2012) 1973-08-27
SE405498B (sv) 1978-12-11
CH577646A5 (en, 2012) 1976-07-15
NO135378C (no) 1977-03-30
AU466591B2 (en) 1975-10-30
ES411865A1 (es) 1976-01-01
BE795900A (fr) 1973-08-23
DD101950A5 (en, 2012) 1973-11-20
DE2308473C3 (de) 1975-07-24
DE2308473B2 (de) 1974-12-12
BR7301379D0 (pt) 1974-05-23
NL157971B (nl) 1978-09-15
IT976548B (it) 1974-09-10
LU67067A1 (en, 2012) 1973-08-31

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