US3863221A - Method of driving liquid cell display panel - Google Patents

Method of driving liquid cell display panel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3863221A
US3863221A US345517A US34551773A US3863221A US 3863221 A US3863221 A US 3863221A US 345517 A US345517 A US 345517A US 34551773 A US34551773 A US 34551773A US 3863221 A US3863221 A US 3863221A
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Prior art keywords
liquid cell
voltage
axis electrodes
liquid
axis
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Expired - Lifetime
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US345517A
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English (en)
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Tetsunori Kaji
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3674—Details of drivers for scan electrodes
    • G09G3/3681—Details of drivers for scan electrodes suitable for passive matrices only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
    • G09G3/3622—Control of matrices with row and column drivers using a passive matrix

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT In case of addressing the predetermined liquid cells of a liquid cell display panel comprising a plurality of parallel X-axis electrodes, a plurality of parallel Y-axis electrodes disposed perpendicular to said X-axis electrodes, and liquid cells disposed at the points where said X-axis electrodes cross said Y-axis electrodes, a D.C. voltage whose polarity is inverted three times during one horizontal scanning period is sequentially and periodically applied to the X-axis electrodes while a D.C. voltage whose polarity is inverted three times only during the predetermined horizontal scanning periods is applied to the Y-axis electrodes, so that the light permeability of the addressed liquid cells may be changed.
  • the present invention relates to a method of driving a liquid cell display panel comprising a plurality of lateral electrodes parallel to one another (hereafter referred to as X-axis electrodes), a plurality of longitudinal electrodes parallel to one another (hereafter referred to as Y-axis electrodes) and perpendicular to the lateral electrodes, and liquid cells disposed at the points where said X-axis electrodes cross said Y-axis SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method of driving a liquid cell display panel, wherein an AC. electric field is applied for addressingfto the liquid cells so as to prolong the useful life of the cells.
  • the direction (hereafter referred to as polarity) of the electric field applied to the liquid cells located at the cross points of the X- and Y-axis electrodes is inverted at a predetermined frequency so that the electrolytic effect may be prevented from taking place in the liquid cells.
  • FIG. 1 is a general view of the structure of a conventional liquid cell display panel.
  • FIG. 2 shows the waveforms of the voltages which are useful for explaining a first embodimentof the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a circuit used in the method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit of a single unit of the X-axis electrode drive circuit constituting a part of the circuit shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIG. 5 shows the waveforms of the voltages useful for explaining the operation of the circuit shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 shows the waveforms of the voltages applied to the X- and Y-axis electrodes employed in a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows the waveforms of the voltages useful for explaining the operation of the previous embodiments.
  • FIG. 9 is a circuit of a single unit of the X-axis electrode drive circuit used in the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 shows the waveforms of the voltages useful for explaining the operation of the circuit shown in FIG. 9.
  • the structure of a general liquid cell display panel mainly comprises X-axis electrodes (X X X X Y-axis electrodes (Y Y Y Y disposed in perpendicular relation to the X- axis electrodes, and liquid cells (crystals) a a a a disposed at points where the X- and Y-axis electrodes cross each other.
  • the conventional method'of driving such a liquid cell display panel as having the above described structure has resorted to the application of a D.C. electric field intense enough to change the optical property or more particularly light permeability of a desired liquid cell.
  • a D.C. electric field intense enough to change the optical property or more particularly light permeability of a desired liquid cell For example, when it is desired to address the liquid cell a located at the cross point of the X electrode belonging to the X-axis electrodes and the Y; electrode belonging to the Y-axis electrodes, the X electrode and the Y;, electrode are simultaneously energized.
  • the inevitable drawback of the above described method of driving the liquid cell is the problem of electrolytic effect taking place in the addressed liquid cell during the energization thereof. Namely, since the voltage applied between any pair of electrodes to address a desired liquid cell is of direct current, the liquid cell is electrolyzed so that the useful life of the cell is shortened.
  • FIG. 2 shows the voltage waveforms to be applied to the X-axis electrodes and the Y-axis electrodes, useful for explaining the operation of the first embodiment of the present invention (in this f gure, only an electrode Y, of the Y-axis electrodes is shown).
  • the horizontal scanning period is designated by an interval 1H and the voltage waveform applied during 1H is a rectangular wave signal whose polarity is inverted three times with respect to the ground level or a certain predetermined D.C. level during the horizontal scanning period lI-l.
  • the rectangular wave signals as described above are sequentially applied to the X-axis electrodes X, X,, while the similar voltage is applied to the Y-axis electrode only during the predetermined horizontal scanning periods.
  • a predetermined electric field is applied during the first 1H period to the liquid cell a located at the cross point of the electrodes X and Y,; during the second 1H period the electrode X is energized while the electrode Y is not energized; and during the third lI-I period the electrodes X and Y are energized so that an electric field is applied to the liquid cell a located at the cross point of the electrodes X and Y,.
  • the polarity of the electric field applied to the liquid cells for addressing thereof is inverted (2l-l) times (I 2.0 in the previous case) in order to prevent the electrolytic effect caused in the liquid cells during addressing.
  • I can assume any real value greater than unity.
  • I is an integer satisfying the above inequality.
  • l.assumes an integral value then the opposite polarities with respective to the ground level or the predetermined D.C. level occur the same times. This can perfectly avoid the electrolytic effect in the liquid cells. Also, even when l is of a large value with a fractional part, i.e., l 9.5, the effect of suppressing the electrolysis in the liquid cells can be expected.
  • the frequency of occurence of the positive polarity (the higher level of the rectangular wave signal is hereafter referred to as such for convenience sake) differs by unity from that of the negative polarity (the lower level of the rectangular wave signal is hereafter referred to as such for convenience sake).
  • the same effect as in case where l is an integer can be obtained by adding every 1H period, every frame or every field a signal which compensates for the difference to the positive or negative polarity.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a drive means for a liquid cell display panel prepared to realize the driving method according to the present invention.
  • a keyboard 1 delivers a coded character signal S, and a coded display position signal S,
  • a scanning signal generator 6 normally delivers a scanning position signal S, and a coincidence circuit delivers a pulse to be applied to a gate circuit 2 when the display position signal S, and the scanning position signal S, are identical with each other.
  • the gate 2 serves not only to apply the output of a refresh memory 3 to the same memory 3' when there is no pulse input from the coincidence circuit 5 so that the character signal previously applied may be repeatedly sent to a character generator 4, but also to apply the renewed character signal S, from the keyboard 1 to the refresh memory 3 when there is a pulse received from the coincidence circuit 5.
  • a scanning circuit 7 supplies scanning pulses for the character generator 4 and a gate and one-line memory 9 in response to the output of the signal generator 6.
  • the character generator 4 supplies for the gate and one-line memory 9 outputs reprentative of actual characters in response to the coded character signal from the refresh memory 3 and the scanning signal from the scanning circuit 7.
  • the input to the character generator 4 is a coded signal comprising 6 bits or 8 bits, which is then converted through the character generator 4 into a signal corresponding to a specific character.
  • the gate and one-line memory 9 holds during the 1H period or a period nearly equal to lI-I a signal which corresponds to a portion of a character per one line in response to the outputs from the scanning circuit 7 and the character generator 4.
  • the outputs of the memory 9 and the gating signal generator 8 are applied to Y-axis electrode drive circuit 10, which produces a signal to be applied to the Y-axis electrodes Y, Y, of a liquid cell display panel 13.
  • An X-axis electrode scanning circuit 11 is actuated by the output from the scanning signal generator 6 and the outputs of the circuit 11 and the gating signal generator 8 are applied to an X-axis electrode drive circuit 12, which produces a signal to be applied to the X-axis electrodes X, X of the liquid cell display panel 13.
  • FIG. 4 is a circuit of one of like components constituting the X-axis electrode drive circuit 12.
  • the Y-axis electrode drive circuit 10 can also be constituted of similar components.
  • reference character A designates an input terminal to receive the output of the gating signal generator 8, B, an input terminal to receive the output of the X-axis electrode scanning circuit 11, C, a terminal connected with the X-axis electrode of the liquid cell display panel 13, 41 an AND circuit, 42 a NOT circuit, T,, and T transistors, R, and R resistors, and D, a terminal to which the positive polarity of a power source is coupled.
  • FIG. 5 shows the waveforms of signals A, and B, applied to the input terminals A, and B, in the circuit shown in FIG. 4 and the waveform of the signal C, (in case where l I) delivered at the terminal C, in the same circuit.
  • the present invention is by no means limited to the use of the circuit as shown in FIG. 4 but that any other circuit that can produce such a signal as the signal C, shown in FIG. 5 can be utilized in the embodiment of the present invention. It is also a matter of course that the level of the DC component in the signal C, shown in FIG. 5 may be arbitrarily chosen depending upon the circuit configuration employed.
  • FIG. 6 shows the waveforms of the voltages to be applied to the X- and Y-axis electrodes (in this figure, only the electrode Y, of the Y-axis electrodes is shown), useful for the explanation of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • this combination of the waveforms is similar to that shown in FIG. 2. Namely, the X-axis electrodes X, X are sequentially energized and the Y-axis electrode Y, is energized during the first 1H and third ll-I periods, as shown in FIG. 6, so that the liquid cells a,, and a;,, are addressed. ,As shown in FIG.
  • the polarity of the electric field applied to each liquid cell is inverted every frame or every M frames (in this case the polarity inversion occurs every frame).
  • the polarity is inverted after a rather long period corresponding to a frame or a plurality of frames since the proper optical reaction cannot take place in the liquid cells for an AC. field having too high a frequency, as described with the first embodiment. It is assumed in this embodiment that the polarity of the field is inverted every M frames. Then, the effect of suppressing electrolysis in the liquid cell decreases for too large values of M.
  • the experiments has showed that the preferable range of M is given by the inequality lsMslO.
  • circuit configurations as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 can be used to realize the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the polarity of the electric field may be inverted every N field instead of every M frames.
  • the allowable range of N can be given by-the experiments and it follows that As described above, in the first embodiment in which the polarity inversion occurs every 1H period, the electrolytic effect can be prevented from taking place in the liquid cells since the polarity inversion is frequent for a short time, but the display on the liquid cell panel cannot be free from flicker since a single 1H period and therefore a period of a frame is appreciably long. On the other hand, in the second embodiment, the flicker can be suppressed since the 1H period can be shortened.
  • FIG. 8 shows the waveforms of the voltages to be applied to the X- and Y-axis electrodes (in this figure, only the electrode Y of the Y-axis electrodes is shown), useful for describing the third embodiment of the invention.
  • the combination of the waveforms corresponds to the case where the liquid cells a, and a as in the display panel shown in FIG. 1 are addressed.
  • the polarity of the electric field applied to each liquid cell for display is inverted every frame. It is also possible here to invert the polarity each time one field, a predetermined number of frames or fields or have been scanned.
  • the notable feature of this embodiment is the application of a bias voltage to each liquid cell after the cease of display. Namely, as seen in FIG. 8, each display level h whose duration is lI-I is followed by a bias level h having a polarity opposite to that of the display level in each frame.
  • the difference in the intensity of the field applied to the addressed liquid cell from that of the field applied to the unaddressed one is large so that the contrast may be improved, that is, the contrast is improved by applying a bias voltage having the opposite polarity after the drive voltage has vanished.
  • any liquid cell can be addressed by applying a voltage of +h to a selected X-axis electrode and a voltage of h, to a selected Y-axis electrode, these selected electrodes crossing each other at the cell to be addressed, while other liquid cells are kept unaddressed by applying a voltage of -h to corresponding X-axis electrodes and a voltage of +h to corresponding Y-axis electrodes.
  • a voltage of 2h is
  • a voltage of h is applied to both the X-axis electrodes and the Y-axis electrodes which cross at liquid cells to be addressed while the X-axis electrodes and the Y-axis electrodes which cross at liquid cells not to be addressed are all grounded.
  • a voltage of h is applied also to liquid cells not to be addressed which are located along those X-axis or Y-axis electrodes which lie on liquid cells to be addressed, so that the contrast sometimes tends to be degraded.
  • the last described drive method can be used to drive the liquid cell display panel 13 shown in FIG. 3.
  • the circuit of one of components of the X-axis electrode drive circuit 12 must be changed.
  • FIG. 9 shows such a modified circuit, in which reference character A indicates an input terminal to receive a signal from the gating signal generator 8 shown in FIG. 3, B an input terminal to receive a signal from the X-axis electrode scanning circuit 11, C an output terminal from whicha signal is sent to the X-axis electrodes of the liquid cell panel 13, 91 an AND circuit, 92 an AND gate with two inhibit inputs, 93 an AND gate with an inhibit input, T T transistors, R R resistors and D a terminal to which the positive polarity of a power source is coupled.
  • the resistors R to R have their resistance values such that R R R R FIG.
  • the value hg of the voltage mentioned above is not limited to the relation that h2 Va h but asymmetric voltages may be applied to the X and Y-axis electrodes.
  • the useful life of the driven display panel can be prolonged by alternately inverting the polarity of the electric field applied to each liquid cell.
  • the contrast can also be improved by applying a suitable voltage to the liquid cells not to be addressed.
  • a large-sized liquid cell display panel on which a great deal of information is displayed can be driven without flicker and any appreciable degradation in the liquid cells so that the useful life of the display panel can be prolonged.
  • the present invention can be claimed to provide improved methods of driving liquid cell display panel.
  • a method of driving a liquid cell display panel having a plurality of X-axis electrodes, a plurality of Y-axis electrodes disposed perpendicular to the X-axis electrodes respectively, and liquid cells disposed respectively at the points where the X-axi's electrodes cross the Y-axis'electrodes, the method comprising producing a scanning signal voltage having a first voltage portion to be applied to the liquid cell when the liquid cell is addressed and a second voltage portion to be applied to the liquid cell when the liquid cell is not addressed, the polarities of the first and second voltage portions being opposite to each other with respect to a predetermined reference level and being inverted every predetermined number of time frames, producing a display signal voltage having a third voltage portion to be applied to the liquid cell when the liquid cell is addressed and a fourth voltage portion to be applied to the liquid cell when the liquid cell is not addressed, the polarities of the third and fourth voltage portions being opposite to each other with respect to the predetermined reference level and being inverted every predetermined number of
  • a system for driving a liquid cell display panel having a plurality of X-axis electrodes, a plurality of Y-axis electrodes disposed perpendicular to the X-axis electrodes, respectively, and liquid cells disposed respectively at the points Where the X-axis electrodes cross the Y-axis electrodes, the system comprising means for producing a scanning signal voltage having a first voltage portion to be applied to the liquid cell when the liquid cell is addressed and a second voltage portion to be applied to the liquid cell when the liquid cell is not addressed, the polarities of the first and second voltage portions being opposite to each other with respect to a predetermined reference level and being inverted every predetermined number of time frames, means for producing a display signal voltage having a third voltage portion to be applied to the liquid cell when the liquid cell is addressed and a fourth voltage portion to be applied to the, liquid cell when the liquid cell is not addressed, the polarities of the third and fourth voltage portions being opposite to each other with respect to the predetermined reference level and being inverted every predetermined number of time

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Display Device Control (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
US345517A 1972-03-29 1973-03-28 Method of driving liquid cell display panel Expired - Lifetime US3863221A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3976994A (en) * 1973-10-15 1976-08-24 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal display system
US4065764A (en) * 1974-12-03 1977-12-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal display device
US4085352A (en) * 1976-10-12 1978-04-18 Richard Dickson Hilton Digital waveform analyzer
US4691200A (en) * 1984-10-01 1987-09-01 Xerox Corporation Matrix display with a fast cursor
US4885580A (en) * 1983-11-14 1989-12-05 Kyocera Corporation Multi-function key input device
US6046717A (en) * 1987-03-05 2000-04-04 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal apparatus

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55161289A (en) * 1979-05-31 1980-12-15 Sanyo Electric Co Voltage balanced drive method of liquid crystal display unit
JPH0627915B2 (ja) * 1982-11-20 1994-04-13 ソニー株式会社 液晶表示装置
JPS60222825A (ja) * 1984-04-20 1985-11-07 Citizen Watch Co Ltd 液晶マトリクス表示パネルの駆動方法
JPS6150119A (ja) * 1984-08-20 1986-03-12 Hitachi Ltd 液晶表示装置用駆動回路
JPS6163824A (ja) * 1984-09-05 1986-04-02 Hitachi Ltd 液晶表示装置用駆動回路
JPH01138590A (ja) * 1988-08-25 1989-05-31 Seiko Epson Corp 液晶表示装置
JPH0362688A (ja) * 1990-03-29 1991-03-18 Seiko Epson Corp 液晶表示装置
JPH03282191A (ja) * 1990-03-29 1991-12-12 Zexel Corp 積層型熱交換器のタンク部構造
JPH07207962A (ja) * 1994-01-25 1995-08-08 Kawai Tekkosho:Kk 折り畳み式簡易ハウス
JP2806381B2 (ja) * 1997-01-06 1998-09-30 セイコーエプソン株式会社 液晶パネルの駆動方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3645604A (en) * 1970-08-10 1972-02-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Liquid crystal display
US3701249A (en) * 1971-03-12 1972-10-31 Hamilton Watch Co Solid state timepiece with liquid crystal display
US3740717A (en) * 1971-12-16 1973-06-19 Rca Corp Liquid crystal display
US3746426A (en) * 1972-02-10 1973-07-17 J Masi Liquid crystal cell and method for its manufacture

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3645604A (en) * 1970-08-10 1972-02-29 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Liquid crystal display
US3701249A (en) * 1971-03-12 1972-10-31 Hamilton Watch Co Solid state timepiece with liquid crystal display
US3740717A (en) * 1971-12-16 1973-06-19 Rca Corp Liquid crystal display
US3746426A (en) * 1972-02-10 1973-07-17 J Masi Liquid crystal cell and method for its manufacture

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3976994A (en) * 1973-10-15 1976-08-24 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal display system
US4065764A (en) * 1974-12-03 1977-12-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal display device
US4085352A (en) * 1976-10-12 1978-04-18 Richard Dickson Hilton Digital waveform analyzer
US4885580A (en) * 1983-11-14 1989-12-05 Kyocera Corporation Multi-function key input device
US4691200A (en) * 1984-10-01 1987-09-01 Xerox Corporation Matrix display with a fast cursor
US6046717A (en) * 1987-03-05 2000-04-04 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal apparatus

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JPS48100092A (en)) 1973-12-18
JPS5644438B2 (en)) 1981-10-19

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