US3861905A - Process for accelerating metallurgical reactions - Google Patents

Process for accelerating metallurgical reactions Download PDF

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Publication number
US3861905A
US3861905A US22630372A US3861905A US 3861905 A US3861905 A US 3861905A US 22630372 A US22630372 A US 22630372A US 3861905 A US3861905 A US 3861905A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
metal
slag
gas
process according
channel
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
Eberhard Steinmetz
Jurgen Kuhn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Der Eisenhuttentechnix Gesell zur Forderung GmbH
FORDERUNG DER EISENHUTTENTECHN
Original Assignee
FORDERUNG DER EISENHUTTENTECHN
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19712107263 external-priority patent/DE2107263C/de
Application filed by FORDERUNG DER EISENHUTTENTECHN filed Critical FORDERUNG DER EISENHUTTENTECHN
Priority to US05/464,714 priority Critical patent/US3980283A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3861905A publication Critical patent/US3861905A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/05—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ
    • C22B9/055—Refining by treating with gases, e.g. gas flushing also refining by means of a material generating gas in situ while the metal is circulating, e.g. combined with filtration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5241—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an inductively heated furnace
    • C21C5/5247—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an inductively heated furnace processing a moving metal stream while exposed to an electromagnetic field, e.g. in an electromagnetic counter current channel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • the desired object of continuous processing procedures in metallurgy is a counter-current process, in which the exchange of substance between the phases proceeds in a particularly favourable manner. Since the introduction of the electromagnetic counter-current channel has proved to be particularly advantageous in connection with production processes in the steel industry (Stahl und Eisen, 89, 1969, pages 1185/90), the further improvement in reactions in counter-current channels in accordance with the invention is hereinafter to be explained by reference to the particular example of an electromagnetic counter-current channel.
  • the counter-current process leads to a better utilisation of the slag and to lower final contents of the undesired impurities in the steel.
  • an electromagnetic counter-current channel German Offenlegungsschrift No. 1,433,631
  • an inductor arranged beneath the channel
  • a layer or bed of thinly liquid metal with a thickness from below 1 cm to about 5 cm is provided in a channel-shaped reaction chamber.
  • the travelling field generated by means of the inductor positively conveys the metal upwardly, while the slag flows downwardly under the action of gravity. It still has to be considered that, in the marginal region of the channel, the electric currents in the liquid metal flow parallel to the longitudinal axis of the channel and thus are unable to produce any forces on the metal in the longitudinal direction. For this reason, under the influence of gravity, there is obtained stoppage or reflux of the metal in this region, depending on the slope of the channel.
  • the invention has for its object to contribute to an acceleration, of the metallurgical reactions in countercurrent channels as hereinbefore defined. It more especially makes possible a shortening of the length of the necessary large installation for a counter-current channel which might otherwise have to be used. It also makes possible a reduction of the proportion of metal which generally flows back when using an electromagnetic counter-current channel.
  • a process for accelerating a metallurgical reaction in which metal and slag are produced comprising moving a stream of the metal continuously in counter-current to the slag in a counter-current channel as hereinbefore defined, and for the purpose of forming a metal-slag emulsion injecting at least one jet of a gas having an inert, reducing or oxidising action on the melt depending on the nature of the reaction required into a marginal region of the channel, the said gas being injected parallel to and/or at an inclination to the predetermined boundary surface of the metal and slag or just above and/or just below the said boundary surface.
  • a mean value of the liquid steel droplets of about 1 to 2 mm is considered as optimal, taking into account the known deviations.
  • the impulse of the gas jet or stream which causes the size of the metal droplets is determined through the pressure advantageously up to 20 atm and the crosssection of the gas jet issuing from a supply pipe.
  • the discharging slag is substantially free from metal droplets, while, following the path of the upwardly flowing metal, the emulsion formation is intensified. It may be appropriate to give the discharging slag, following the counter-current channel, an additional possibility of separation for the metal droplets which are still in the slag.
  • two gas jets are so arranged relatively to one another that essentially one gas jet causes a lifting of the slag and the other gas jet causes the droplet formation of the metal flowing therebeneath.
  • An additional acceleration of the metallurgical reaction can be produced by injecting a gas-forming substance and/or gas-yielding substance, with the gas jet or at least one of the gas jets.
  • gases can for example vaporise by contact with the metal or the slag or produce gas by reaction therewith.
  • a substance injected with the or a gas jet can for example be limestone or a liquid hydrocarbon.
  • the process according to the invention is advantageously applied to the pre-refining or final refining of melts consisting of pig iron, scrap or similar initial material to form steel.
  • an electromagnetic countercurrent channel is particularly preferred. With this use, it is advantageous if especially in a return flow region of the metal at least a part component of the impulse of the introduced total gas jet quantity acts in a conveying direction of the metal.
  • An apparatus for carrying out the process according to the invention comprises a counter-current channel as hereinbefore defined in which nozzles are passed through longitudinal side walls of the channel in the region of the predetermined boundary surface between metal and slag, the discharge directions of the nozzles being disposed parallel to or at an inclination to the predetermined boundary surface.
  • the number of the nozzles it is preferred for the number of the nozzles to be increased in the direction of the slag supply with the object of an intensified metal/emulsion formation.
  • the angle of inclination towards the predetermined boundary surface is advantageously 30 to to the said boundary surface, especially approximately 45 to the said surface.
  • Nozzles having an inner diameter from 0.1 to 10 mm are advantageous.
  • a section is taken of a counter-current channel perpendicular to a flowing slag and to a flowing metal, there is obtained here, with for instance pig iron or steel, a layer or bed height of approximately 1 to 3 cm with a slag height of to 50 cm.
  • the material transfer can only take place at the phase boundary surface of metal and slag over the width and total length of the channel.
  • a gas stream is injected into the phase boundary layer.
  • the gas stream or jet is preferably directed towards a return flow proportion of the metal at a margin of the channel.
  • the impulse of the gas jet may be so chosen that there is formed a size of metal droplet which is the best possible for the reaction on the counter-current channel.
  • a requirement for this purpose is that the droplets are not too small, so that they do not remain an excessively long time in the slag and are not carried downwards by the slag.
  • the drops are not to be too large, so that firstly a sufficiently large specific surface is guaranteed and secondly the drops do not already drop back again into the metal after insufficient reaction with the slag.
  • a steel droplet diameter of approximately 1 mm is aimed at.
  • the size of droplets can be controlled by means of the impulse of the gas jet, it being known that the droplet size decreases with increasing energy.
  • the metal is conveyed in drop form from the metal stream into the slag stream, where it reacts with the slag and then falls back again into the metal stream. It is to be taken into account here that the metal is conveyed about twenty times as quickly as the downwardly flowing slag, i.e., that with a sufficient residence time of the metal droplet in the downwardly flowing slag stream, the said droplet is only transported downwardly over an insignificant distance.
  • the described cycle of the jumping metal droplet is repeated many times along the complete reaction path.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross section through an electromagnetic counter-current channel.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of a part of the counter-current channel
  • An inductor of a travelling field pump is indicated at I
  • the refractory base of a reaction chamber of the counter-current channel is indicated at 2
  • the refractory side walls are shown at 3.
  • the specifically heavier metal 4 flows lowermost in the channel and above this is the lighter slag 5.
  • the boundary layer of slag and metal is indicated at 6.
  • FIG. 2 shows a nozzle arrangement which additionally prevents the return flow of the metal at the margin of the counter-current channel.
  • the speed vector in the middle region is positively uphill at 10, while the speed is directed downwardly at 12 in the marginal region.
  • nozzles 8 which blow substantially into the slag, it is equally well possible to support the downwardly directed slag flow by an opposite inclined position.
  • an intensified emulsion formation occurs only in the direction towards the metal discharge. This intensified emulsion formation can be regulated by the number of the nozzles.
  • pig iron drops between 0.] and 2 mm, advantageously 0.5 to 1.5 mm, were produced with a nozzle of 1 mm inner diameter with a slope of 45 with respect to the stationary metal boundary surface with a pressure of 1 atm, the nozzle being situated about 5 mm below the metal boundary surface.
  • a continuous metallurgical refining process in which metal and slag contact one another comprising continuously moving a stream of the metal in countercurrent flow to continuously flowing slag in a countercurrent channel, injecting at least one jet of a gas into a marginal region of the channel, the said gas being injected parallel to and at an inclination to the region of the interface formed by the metal and the slag so as to form an emulsion of metal drops which are drawn into said slag whereby to accelerate the metal to slag interaction and reduce the length of the channel required for such interaction.
  • a process according to claim 11 wherein the generally upward moving metal is in the form of a layer having a depth of between 1 and 5 centimeters and the slag has a depth of between 10 and 50 centimeters.
  • a process according to claim 12 wherein the depth of the liquid metal is between 1 and 3 centimeters.
  • a continuous metallurgical refining process in which metal and slag contact one another comprising continuously moving a stream of the metal in countercurrent flow to continuously flowing slag in a countcrcurrent channel, injecting at least one jet of a gas into a marginal region of the channel, the gas being injected at an inclination to the region of the interface formed by the metal and the slag so as to form an emulsion in the direction of metal discharge of metal droplets drawn into said slag whereby to accelerate the metal to slag interreaction and reduce the length of the channel required for such interreaction.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
US05226303 1971-02-16 1972-02-14 Process for accelerating metallurgical reactions Expired - Lifetime US3861905A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/464,714 US3980283A (en) 1971-02-16 1974-04-26 Apparatus for performing a continuous metallurgical refining process

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19712107263 DE2107263C (de) 1971-02-16 Verfahren zum Beschleunigen metallurgischer Reaktionen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/464,714 Division US3980283A (en) 1971-02-16 1974-04-26 Apparatus for performing a continuous metallurgical refining process

Publications (1)

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US3861905A true US3861905A (en) 1975-01-21

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US05226303 Expired - Lifetime US3861905A (en) 1971-02-16 1972-02-14 Process for accelerating metallurgical reactions

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3861905A (sv)
JP (1) JPS521369B1 (sv)
AT (1) AT325079B (sv)
BE (1) BE778449A (sv)
CA (1) CA971369A (sv)
FR (1) FR2125467B1 (sv)
GB (1) GB1343364A (sv)
IT (1) IT947466B (sv)
LU (1) LU64680A1 (sv)
NL (1) NL7201440A (sv)
SE (1) SE396965B (sv)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4324584A (en) * 1980-01-24 1982-04-13 Ugine Aciers Process for the decarburization of chromium-containing pig iron
US4347079A (en) * 1981-03-12 1982-08-31 Korf Technologies, Inc. Method of operating an open-hearth furnace
US4396178A (en) * 1981-03-12 1983-08-02 Korf Technologies, Inc. Open-hearth furnace
WO1994019498A1 (en) * 1991-10-15 1994-09-01 Ltv Steel Company, Inc. Method and apparatus for slag free casting

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111278643A (zh) 2017-10-27 2020-06-12 应用材料公司 柔性盖板透镜膜

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US927758A (en) * 1907-11-07 1909-07-13 Alf Sinding-Larsen Process of treating silicates of aluminum for the purpose of obtaining valuable products.
US2918365A (en) * 1953-08-10 1959-12-22 Yawata Seitetsu K K Method for controlling compositions of molten pig iron and slag in a blast furnace
US3326671A (en) * 1963-02-21 1967-06-20 Howard K Worner Direct smelting of metallic ores
US3632335A (en) * 1968-03-29 1972-01-04 Conzinc Riotinto Ltd Separation of molten materials

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE521194A (sv) *

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US927758A (en) * 1907-11-07 1909-07-13 Alf Sinding-Larsen Process of treating silicates of aluminum for the purpose of obtaining valuable products.
US2918365A (en) * 1953-08-10 1959-12-22 Yawata Seitetsu K K Method for controlling compositions of molten pig iron and slag in a blast furnace
US3326671A (en) * 1963-02-21 1967-06-20 Howard K Worner Direct smelting of metallic ores
US3632335A (en) * 1968-03-29 1972-01-04 Conzinc Riotinto Ltd Separation of molten materials

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4324584A (en) * 1980-01-24 1982-04-13 Ugine Aciers Process for the decarburization of chromium-containing pig iron
US4347079A (en) * 1981-03-12 1982-08-31 Korf Technologies, Inc. Method of operating an open-hearth furnace
US4396178A (en) * 1981-03-12 1983-08-02 Korf Technologies, Inc. Open-hearth furnace
WO1994019498A1 (en) * 1991-10-15 1994-09-01 Ltv Steel Company, Inc. Method and apparatus for slag free casting

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE396965B (sv) 1977-10-10
IT947466B (it) 1973-05-21
FR2125467A1 (sv) 1972-09-29
AT325079B (de) 1975-10-10
CA971369A (en) 1975-07-22
LU64680A1 (sv) 1973-08-03
JPS521369B1 (sv) 1977-01-13
NL7201440A (sv) 1972-08-18
BE778449A (fr) 1972-05-16
GB1343364A (en) 1974-01-10
FR2125467B1 (sv) 1976-08-06
DE2107263A1 (sv) 1972-08-31

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