US3861021A - Method of constructing a low temperature liquefied gas tank of a membrane type - Google Patents

Method of constructing a low temperature liquefied gas tank of a membrane type Download PDF

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Publication number
US3861021A
US3861021A US367722A US36772273A US3861021A US 3861021 A US3861021 A US 3861021A US 367722 A US367722 A US 367722A US 36772273 A US36772273 A US 36772273A US 3861021 A US3861021 A US 3861021A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
vessel
membranous
double
vessels
outside
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US367722A
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English (en)
Inventor
Katsuro Yamamoto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eneos Globe Corp
Original Assignee
Eneos Globe Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eneos Globe Corp filed Critical Eneos Globe Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3861021A publication Critical patent/US3861021A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/011—Barges
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49863—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49879—Spaced wall tube or receptacle

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method of constructing a low temperature liquefied gas tank of the membrane type equipped with a doublelayered inner membranous vessel composed of outside and inside membranous vessels, said doublelayered inner membranous vessel being preconstructed separately from the outer rigid vessel which is adapted to receive said inner vessel, said double-layered inner membranous vessel being thereafter mounted into said outer vessel, characterized in that a vacuum is applied to the space formed between said outside and inside membranous vessels in the process of mounting said inner vessel into said outer vessel.
  • This invention relates to a method of constructing a low temperature liquefied gas tank, and more particularly a method of constructing a low temperature liquefied gas tank of the membrane type for containing low temperature liquefied gases such as petroleum gases which are in a gaseous state at room temperature and can be liquefied by being cooled down under atmospheric pressure.
  • a tank of this kind is generally composed of a rigid outer vessel, a compression resistant heat insulating layer provided at the inside of said outer vessel, and an inner membranous vessel provided further at the inside of said heat insulating layer.
  • the inner membranous vessel is made of a thin plate of low temperature resisting materials and adapted to be flexibly deformed to come in close contact with the inner surface of the heat insulating layer when the tank is loaded with liquefied gases in order to transmit the internal pressure exerted by the liquefied gases to the outer vessel by way of the compression resistant heat insulating layer so that the load of the tank is finally supported by the outer vessel.
  • a tank of this kind requires an additional secondary barrier wall for temporarily checking a leakage of the liquefied gases in case the leakage has occurred in the inner membranous vessel. Since such a secondary barrier wall is required to have the properties of resisting hydraulic load, resisting low temperature and of liquid tightness, it requires highly expensive materials and complicated structures.
  • the abovementioned object is accomplished, according to this invention, by applying a vacuum to a space left between the outside and inside membranous vessels of the pre-constructed double-layered inner membranous vessel in the process of mounting the same into the hold space formed in the outer vessel.
  • the two membranous vessels By applying a vacuum to the space left between the outside and inside membranous vessels, the two membranous vessels come in close and firm contact with each other and thus act as a single membranous vessel having so much increased rigidity that the preassembled double-layered inner membranous vessel can be readily suspended and mounted into the hold space formed in the outer vessel without the requirement of utilizing complicated reinforcing frames.
  • the drawing shows a construction process of mounting an inner vessel of the double-layered membranous structure into a hold space of a tanker ship, wherein a dual-walled hull 1 including an inner wall la is lined with a compression resistant heat insulating layer 2 over the inside surface thereof to provide a hold space 3 opened at the upper portion thereof.
  • a ship body generally designated by reference numeral 4 is constructed separately from an inner vessel assembly generally designated by reference numeral 5.
  • the heat insulating layer 2 may be made of a material having by itself compression resisting characteristics such as hard polyurethane foam as an organic material or foamed concrete as an inorganic material.
  • the inner surface of the insulating layer is preferably covered with a protecting plate 23 made of plywood, etc.
  • the heat insulating layer 2 may be made as a composite structure including a framework made of wood, etc., the space left therein being filled with pealite powder, etc. to provide as a whole a compression resistant heat insulating layer.
  • the inner vessel assembly 5 comprising a doublelayered membrane structure composed of an outside inner membranous vessel 6 and an inside inner membranous vessel 7 is constructed separately from and preferably in parallel with the construction of the ship body 4.
  • the outside and inside inner vessels 6 and 7 are made of thin plates of low temperature resisting materials such as nickel steel, stainless steel, aluminum, etc., and the two inner vessels may have a same thickness or may have difference thicknesses so that one is thinner than the other.
  • a carrying structure generally designated by reference numeral 11 including a tank cover 8 of a rigid structure, a heat insulating layer 9 provided at the underside of the cover 8 and a protecting plate 10 covering the side and lower surfaces of the heat insulating layer 9.
  • the tank cover 8 is provided with a rigid dome 12 at a central portion thereof.
  • Top panel portions 6a and 7a respectively of the outside and inside inner vessels 6 and 7 are positioned to follow the underside surface of the protecting plate 10 and are fluid-tightly fixed to a flange 13 mounted at a lower portion of the dome 12. From the lowermost end portion of the rigid dome 12 are radially extended cantilevers 14 adapted to hold the top panel portions of the inner vessels from falling down.
  • the inner vessel assembly 5 under construction is held in a properly self-standing condition by the carrying structure 11 being supported by proper supporting means (not shown), so as not to cause any buckling of the inner vessels due to their own gravity.
  • the inner vessel assembly 5 thus constructed is attached with a conduit 16 adapted to open to the space formed between the outside and inside inner vessels via an opening 15 formed in either of the outside or inside inner vessel according to the convenience of mounting the conduit 16.
  • the conduit 16 is connected to a vacuum device 18 such as a vacuum pump by way of a pipe 17 made of a flexible material such as rubber, and the air filling a cavity 19 formed between the outside and inside inner vessels 6 and 7 is exhausted. As the air is exhausted, the two inner vessels 6 and 7 come in close and firm contact with each other. Then the inner vessel assembly 5 is suspended by applying wire ropes 20 to the carrying structure 11 and by suspending the wire ropes by a crane 21. Then the inner vessel assembly is brought to a position just above the hold space 3 and is lowered and mounted into the hold space. When the inner vessel assembly 5 is regularly positioned in the hold space, the tank cover 8 is fixed to the hull 1 by welding or other proper fastening means.
  • a vacuum device 18 such as a vacuum pump
  • the cantilevers 14 When the inner vessel assembly 5 is suspended by holding the carrying structure 11, the cantilevers 14 support the top panel portions of the inner vessels, whereby stress concentration occurring at the flange 13 where the weight of the inner vessel assembly would be concentrated is avoided.
  • the cantilevers 14 may also support a bottom portion 7b of the inside inner vessel 7 by means of suspension means 22. In this case, since the outside and inside inner vessels are firmly stuck to each other due to the vacuum action, the two inner vessels are supported as a unitary body by suspending only the bottom portion 7b of the inside inner vessel 7.
  • the conduit 16 may be provided with a valve so that it is preserved after the completion of the mounting process to be used as a means for detecting leakage of the inside inner vessel.
  • the inner vessel assembly can be temporarily provided with an increased rigidity to be able to hold its space under suspension and thus can be easily mounted into the outer vessel assembly.
  • test gases are introduced inside the inner vessel and the gases filling the space formed between the outer and inner vessels are extracted to test the fluid-tightness of the inner vessel.
  • the conduit means provided for exhausting gases from the space is used since it has been preserved for this purpose.
  • a low temperature liquefied gas tank of the membrane type comprising a rigid outer vessel, a compression-resistant heat insulating layer provided at the inside of said outer vessel, and a double-layered inner membranous vessel including outside and inside membranous vessels disposed at the inside of said heat insulating layer
  • said method comrising the steps of constructing said outer vessel and said heat insulating layer so as to provide a hold space having an opened upper portion for receiving said double-layered inner membranous vessel, said double-layered inner membranous vessel being constructed separately from said outer vessel and heatinsulating layer, and thus outside of said hold space, and thereafter mounting said double-layered inner membranous vessel into said hold space
  • the improvement which comprises applying a vacuum to the space formed between said outside and inside membranous vessels in the process of mounting said double-layered inner membranous vessel into said hold space wherein said outside and inside membranous vessels are caused to contact each other substantially over the entire surface thereof, thereby increasing the rigidity of the

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US367722A 1972-07-17 1973-06-07 Method of constructing a low temperature liquefied gas tank of a membrane type Expired - Lifetime US3861021A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP47071471A JPS5226323B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-07-17 1972-07-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3861021A true US3861021A (en) 1975-01-21

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US367722A Expired - Lifetime US3861021A (en) 1972-07-17 1973-06-07 Method of constructing a low temperature liquefied gas tank of a membrane type

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3861021A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5226323B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2193172B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4075264A (en) * 1976-04-02 1978-02-21 The Dow Chemical Company Method of insulating a container
US4207827A (en) * 1976-08-20 1980-06-17 Michel Gondouin System, tooling and method of construction of cryogenic tanks for LNG tankers and for LNG storage
US4277673A (en) * 1979-03-26 1981-07-07 E-B Industries, Inc. Electrically conductive self-regulating article
US4327480A (en) * 1979-03-26 1982-05-04 Ensign-Bickford Industries, Inc. Electrically conductive composition, process for making an article using same
US4367168A (en) * 1979-03-26 1983-01-04 E-B Industries, Inc. Electrically conductive composition, process for making an article using same
US5180076A (en) * 1991-03-01 1993-01-19 Progressive Technologies, Inc. Waste container
US6626319B2 (en) 2001-06-04 2003-09-30 Electric Boat Corporation Integrated tank erection and support carriage for a semi-membrane LNG tank
US20070186834A1 (en) * 2006-02-14 2007-08-16 Electric Boat Corporation Method and apparatus for off-hull manufacture and installation of a semi-membrane lng tank
US20080223858A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2008-09-18 Jordan David L Universal support arrangement for semi-membrane tank walls
US20110192339A1 (en) * 2008-10-09 2011-08-11 Keppel Offshore & Marine Technology Centre Pte Ltd Hull conversion of existing vessels for tank integration
KR101310957B1 (ko) 2011-09-22 2013-09-23 대우조선해양 주식회사 단열 이중 선체 구조를 적용한 저온 액화가스 화물창
US20130255059A1 (en) * 2010-11-11 2013-10-03 Ihi Corporation Blanket installation method
US20150048094A1 (en) * 2012-03-13 2015-02-19 Ihi Corporation Blanket installation method and blanket unit

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50119505U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1974-03-13 1975-09-30
JPS5468512A (en) * 1977-11-10 1979-06-01 Sasebo Heavy Ind Storage tank and its construction method and block for construction
JPS5695644U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1979-12-21 1981-07-29
JPS58189849U (ja) * 1982-06-14 1983-12-16 ヤンマーディーゼル株式会社 トラクタ−のｐｔｏ動力伝達装置
JPS5948303A (ja) * 1982-09-13 1984-03-19 三菱重工業株式会社 ごみ真空輸送装置におけるロ−カル施設の製造方法
JPH08333408A (ja) * 1995-06-07 1996-12-17 Asahi Glass Co Ltd 含フッ素共重合体の製造方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US646459A (en) * 1899-12-18 1900-04-03 James F Place Portable vessel or bottle for holding and shipping liquid air or other liquid gases.
US707634A (en) * 1902-02-10 1902-08-26 James F Place Vessel for holding and shipping liquid air or other liquid gases.

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5119234B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-04-27 1976-06-16

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US646459A (en) * 1899-12-18 1900-04-03 James F Place Portable vessel or bottle for holding and shipping liquid air or other liquid gases.
US707634A (en) * 1902-02-10 1902-08-26 James F Place Vessel for holding and shipping liquid air or other liquid gases.

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4075264A (en) * 1976-04-02 1978-02-21 The Dow Chemical Company Method of insulating a container
US4207827A (en) * 1976-08-20 1980-06-17 Michel Gondouin System, tooling and method of construction of cryogenic tanks for LNG tankers and for LNG storage
US4277673A (en) * 1979-03-26 1981-07-07 E-B Industries, Inc. Electrically conductive self-regulating article
US4327480A (en) * 1979-03-26 1982-05-04 Ensign-Bickford Industries, Inc. Electrically conductive composition, process for making an article using same
US4367168A (en) * 1979-03-26 1983-01-04 E-B Industries, Inc. Electrically conductive composition, process for making an article using same
US5180076A (en) * 1991-03-01 1993-01-19 Progressive Technologies, Inc. Waste container
US6626319B2 (en) 2001-06-04 2003-09-30 Electric Boat Corporation Integrated tank erection and support carriage for a semi-membrane LNG tank
US20090151618A1 (en) * 2006-02-14 2009-06-18 Nassco Method and apparatus for off-hull manufacture and installation of a semi-membrane lng tank
US7469650B2 (en) 2006-02-14 2008-12-30 National Steel And Shipping Company Method and apparatus for off-hull manufacture and installation of a semi-membrane LNG tank
US20070186834A1 (en) * 2006-02-14 2007-08-16 Electric Boat Corporation Method and apparatus for off-hull manufacture and installation of a semi-membrane lng tank
US7748336B2 (en) 2006-02-14 2010-07-06 General Dynamics National Steel and Shipping Company Method and apparatus for off-hull manufacture and installation of a semi-membrane LNG tank
US9022245B2 (en) 2007-03-16 2015-05-05 National Steel And Shipbuilding Company Universal support arrangement for semi-membrane tank walls
US7896188B2 (en) 2007-03-16 2011-03-01 National Steel And Shipbuilding Company Universal support arrangement for semi-membrane tank walls
US20110132912A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2011-06-09 Jordan David L Universal support arrangement for semi-membrane tank walls
US20080223858A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2008-09-18 Jordan David L Universal support arrangement for semi-membrane tank walls
US8430263B2 (en) 2007-03-16 2013-04-30 General Dynamics Nassco Universal support arrangement for semi-membrane tank walls
US20110192339A1 (en) * 2008-10-09 2011-08-11 Keppel Offshore & Marine Technology Centre Pte Ltd Hull conversion of existing vessels for tank integration
US8671863B2 (en) * 2008-10-09 2014-03-18 Keppel Offshore & Marine Technology Centre Pte Ltd Hull conversion of existing vessels for tank integration
US20130255059A1 (en) * 2010-11-11 2013-10-03 Ihi Corporation Blanket installation method
US9353911B2 (en) * 2010-11-11 2016-05-31 Ihi Corporation Blanket installation method
KR101310957B1 (ko) 2011-09-22 2013-09-23 대우조선해양 주식회사 단열 이중 선체 구조를 적용한 저온 액화가스 화물창
US20150048094A1 (en) * 2012-03-13 2015-02-19 Ihi Corporation Blanket installation method and blanket unit
US9546758B2 (en) * 2012-03-13 2017-01-17 Ihi Corporation Blanket installation method and blanket unit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4928911A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-03-14
JPS5226323B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-07-13
FR2193172B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-05-07
FR2193172A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-15

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