Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C59/40—Unsaturated compounds
  • C07C59/76—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups
  • C07C59/86—Unsaturated compounds containing keto groups containing six-membered aromatic rings and other rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C57/00—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
  • C07C57/46—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing six-membered aromatic rings and other rings, e.g. cyclohexylphenylacetic acid
  • C07C57/50—Unsaturated compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms containing six-membered aromatic rings and other rings, e.g. cyclohexylphenylacetic acid containing condensed ring systems
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C59/40—Unsaturated compounds
  • C07C59/42—Unsaturated compounds containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
  • C07C59/54—Unsaturated compounds containing hydroxy or O-metal groups containing six-membered aromatic rings and other rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C59/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C59/40—Unsaturated compounds
  • C07C59/58—Unsaturated compounds containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups
  • C07C59/72—Unsaturated compounds containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups containing six-membered aromatic rings and other rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
  • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
  • C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
  • C12P7/42—Hydroxy-carboxylic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2603/00—Systems containing at least three condensed rings
  • C07C2603/02—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems
  • C07C2603/04—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings
  • C07C2603/06—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members
  • C07C2603/10—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members containing five-membered rings
  • C07C2603/12—Ortho- or ortho- and peri-condensed systems containing three rings containing at least one ring with less than six ring members containing five-membered rings only one five-membered ring
  • C07C2603/18—Fluorenes; Hydrogenated fluorenes

Definitions

• This invention relates to new fluorene-2-acetic acid derivatives having the structure wherein X is hydrogen, lower alkyl, hydroxyl, lower alkoxy, halogen, and trifluoromethyl and Y is wherein Z is COOH, COOR or --CN; R is hydrogen,-hydroxy, lower alkyl or monocyclic cycloalkyl; R
• R is hydrogen or alkyl containing from 1 to about 12 carbon atoms or monocyclic cycloalkyl; R is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R, is hydrogen, lower alkyl or monocyclic cycloalkyl; and R is lower alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or a metallic ion where X is hydrogen or chlorine, Y is other invention and also fluorene-2-acetic acid or its 7- chlorinated derivative.
• lower alkyl as employed herein includes both straight and branched chain radicals of up to and including eight carbon atoms, for instance, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl, 4,4-dimethylpentyl, octyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl and the like.
• the lower alkyl group can include substituents such as aryl.
• the halogen can be F, Br, Cl or I. However, when X is Cl, Y is other than CH COOH.
• lower alkoxy includes straight and branched chain radicals of the structure RO- wherein R includes any of the above lower alkyl groups.
• aryl as employed herein includes monocyclic ary-l radicals, for instance, phenyl and substituted phenyl radicals, including lower alkylphenyl, such as tolyl, ethylphenyl, butylphenyl and the like, di(lower alkyl)phenyl (e.g. dimethylphenyl, 3,5-diethylphenyl, and the like), halophenyl (e.g., chlorophenyl, bromophenyl, and 2,4,5-trichlorophenyl) and nitrophenyl.
• phenyl and substituted phenyl radicals including lower alkylphenyl, such as tolyl, ethylphenyl, butylphenyl and the like, di(lower alkyl)phenyl (e.g. dimethylphenyl, 3,5-diethylphenyl, and the like), halophenyl (e.g., chlorophenyl, brom
• monocyclic cycloalkyl includes cyclic radicals containing from 3 to 6 ring members (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl).
• Examples of compounds falling within the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following:
• the compounds of formula I wherein Y is can be prepared by reacting fluorene or a 7-substituted fluorene with a lower alkyl oxalyl halide having the structure in the presence of a catalyst such as aluminum chloride or other Friedel-Crafts catalyst to form a compound of the structure Silos tetrachloride, or petroleum ether, at a temperature within the range of from about 5 to about and preferably from about 5 to about 10.
• the fluorene compound is employed in a molar ratio to the oxalyl compound of within the range of from about 0.9:1 to about 0.7511 and preferably from about 0.911 to about 0.85:1.
• the COOR in compound III wherein R is alkyl can be converted to the corresponding: carboxyl group to form a fluorene-Z-glyoxylic acid by basic hydrolysis, that is by reacting a fluorene derivative of structure III with a base such as an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide or alkoxide, such as sodium hydroxide or sodim methoxide, in the presence of an aqueous a1- cohol containing up to about five carbon atoms, such as methanol or ethanol.
• a base such as an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide or alkoxide, such as sodium hydroxide or sodim methoxide
• an aqueous a1- cohol containing up to about five carbon atoms, such as methanol or ethanol.
• carboxylic acids can be esterified to form the correspondng esters by conventional methods known in the art.
• R MgI-Ia1 a Grignard reagent such as CH Mg1
• a base such as sodium hydride
• Compounds of the structure I wherein Y is l on i.e., a-methylene fluorene-Z-acetic acid can be prepared by reacting an (it-substituted-a-hydroxyfluorene- 2-acetic acid of structure IV containing a hydrogen on the carbon vicinal to the hydroxyl group with a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid in dioxanc or other solvent such as tetrahydrofuran.
• a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid in dioxanc or other solvent such as tetrahydrofuran.
• X is hydroxyl, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, fluorine and bromine.
• Compounds of structure V can be prepared by reacting a 7-substituted fluorene-Z-glyoxylic acid or ester of structure III and fluorene-Z-glyoxylic acid with hydrazine or hydrazine hydrate in a modified Wolf-Kishner reaction at a temperature within the range of from about to about C until solution is achieved, cooling the solution to a temperature within the range of from about 50 to about 60C and treating the cooled solution with a base such as an alkali metal hydroxide or alkoxide such as potassium hydroxide or sodium ethoxide.
• a base such as an alkali metal hydroxide or alkoxide such as potassium hydroxide or sodium ethoxide.
• the fluorene compound is employed in a molar ratio to the hydrazine compound of within the range of from about 0.01:1 to about 0.2:1 and preferably from about 0.01:1 to about 0.05:1.
• the base is employed in a molar ratio to the fluorene compound of within the range of from about 0.15:1 to about 0.311 and preferably from about 0.2:1 to about 0.25:1.
• Compounds of the structure VI wherein R is other than hydroxyl can be prepared by v alkylating a 2-fluoreneacetonitrile of the structure VII I wherein R; is other than hydrogen canbe prepared by reacting a 2-acyl fluorene of the structure 40 VIII o A ("l-R -which contains a hydrogen on the carbon vicinal tothe with an alkali metal cyanide such as sodium cyanide or hydrogen cyanide in an acidic medium.
• the enzymatic 7-hydroxylation can be accomplished either by including the substrate or fluorene in a growing or mature culture of an appropriate microorganism,
• Suitable microorganisms for hydroxylation include members of the genera: Aspergillus (e.g., A. ochraceus, A. nidulans, A. higher), Rhizopus (e.g., R. arrhizus), Syncephalstrum (e.g., S. racemosum), Thamnidium (e.g., T. elegans), Mucor (e.g., M. adr iaticus), Trichothecium (e.g., T. roseuni), Phycomyces (e.g.,P. nitens), Penicillium'(e.g.', P. expansum), Blakeslea (-e.g., B.
• Aspergillus e.g., A. ochraceus, A. nidulans, A. higher
• Rhizopus e.g., R. arrhizus
• Syncephalstrum e.g., S. race
• Cercospora e.g., C.-melom's
• Cunninghamella e.g., C. blakesleeana
• Botrytis (.e.g., B. cinerea)
• Corticium e.g., C. sasaki
• the'microorganism is used per se, it is grown aerobically in a suitable nutrient medium, as known in the art; the substrate being added either at the beginning or sometime during the culturing process.
• the conditions of culturing the microorganisms for the purpose of this invention are the same as those of culturing microorganisms for the production of antibiotics or vitamins.
• the microorganism is grown in contact with (in or on) a suitable nutrient medium in'the presence of an adequate supplyof oxygen (air).
• a suitable nutrient medium essentially comprises a source of nitrogenous factors and an assimilable source of carbon and energy.
• the latter may be a carbohydrate, such. as sucrose, molasses, glucose, maltose, starch or dextrin.
• the source of nitrogenous factors may be organic (e.g., soybean meal, corn steep liquor, meat extract, distillers solubles, peptones and/or yeast extract) or synthetic (i.e., composed of simple,
• the acid substrate in aqueous, aqueous alcoholic solution or dimethylformamide solution, is added either prior to or during the culturing of the microorganism, if the microoorganism is used per se, or to an aqueous medium containing the separated cells, spores or cellfree hydroxylating enyme, if this procedure is employed. After about 1 to about 200 hours, depending on the concentration of this acid and enzyme, the reaction is substantially complete. The resulting 7- hydroxylated derivative can then be recovered by filtration or centrifugation (if solid) or by countercurrent extraction.
• the fluorene-Z-acetic acid derivatives of the inven tion form salts with organic bases, e.g. alkylamines such as methylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, glucamine, aniline, dimethylamine, etc., heterocyclic amines such as piperidine, morpholine, and the like, and with inorganic bases, e.g., ammonium hydroxide, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc-, alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as calciumhydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, etc., alkali metal carbonates and bicarbonates such as sodium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, etc.
• organic bases e.g. alkylamines such as methylamine, ethylamine, isopropylamine, glucamine, aniline, dimethylamine, etc., heterocyclic amines such as piperidine, morpholine, and the like
• basic salts may be used in the preparation and/or isolation of the products of this invention.
• an acid e.g., a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, or organic acid such as citric acid, will yield the compound in the acid form.
• Other basic salts may then be formed by reaction with the appropriate organic or inorganic base.
• the compounds of this invention are useful as antiinflammatory agents and are effective in the prevention and inhibition of granuloma tissue formation in warm blooded animals, for example, in a manner similar to indomethacin. They may be used to decrease joint swelling tenderness, pain and stiffness, in mammalian species, e.g., in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.
• a compound of this invention or a physiologicallyacceptable salt of the character described above may be compounded according to accepted pharmaceutical practice in oral dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, elixir s or powders for administration of about 100 mg to 2 gm per day, preferably 100 mg to 1 gm per day, in two to four divided doses. For example, about 150 mg/kg/day is effective in reducing paw swelling in rats.
• the compounds of the invention can also be employed as sun-screening agents and as intermediates for reaction with 6-aminopenicillanic acid 7-aminoceph alosporanic acid to produce new useful penicillins and cephalosporins.
• EXAMPLE 1 Ethyl fluorene-2-glyoxylic acid A suspension of aluminum chloride (75 g) in ethylene dichloride (200 ml) is cooled to and treated dropwise over a 1 hour period with a solution of ethyl oxalyl chloride (50 g) and fluorene (53 .6 g) in ethylene dichloride (200 ml), while maintaining the temperature below 10. The reaction mixture is then stirred at room compound (86 g, mp 8l-82). The analytical sample is prepared by recrystallization from methanol: mp 8l-82.
• the analytical sample is prepared by recrystallization from 95% ethanol, mp 190191, A
• the ether layer is sepa- 20 C H 13 EXAMPLE 21 a-Methylene fluorene-Z-acetic acid
• a mixture of sodium hydride (0.48g.) and dimethyl- .sulfoxide (ml.) is stirred and heated at 7080 until the evolution of hydrogen ceases.
• the cooled solution is treated with methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (7.14g.) in dimethylsulfoxide (ml), stirred for 10 minutes and treated with ethyl fluorene-Z-glyoxylic acid (5.32g.).
• the reaction mixture is stirred for 1 hr., the solvent evaporated and the residue extracted with ether after the addition of water.
• the ether extracts are washed with water, dried (MgSO and evaporated.
• the residue is hydrolyzed by refluxing it in 50% methanol (50ml.) containing potassium hydroxide (5g.) for 3 hr.
• the reaction mixture is concentrated, acidified and extracted with ether.
• the ether extracts are washed with water, dried (MgSO and evaporated to give the title compound.
• EXAMPLE 22 a-Hydroxy-rx methyl-fluorene-2-acetonitrile
• ether ml.
• water 40nd
• Sodium cyanide 2.45g.
• HCl 4.8ml.
• the mixture is then stirred for 2 hr. at room temperature, diluted with water and extracted with ether.
• the ether extracts are dried (MgSO and evaporated to give the titledcompound.
• a-Methylene fluorene-2-acetic acid The a-hydroxy-a-methylfluorene-2-acetonit rile is treated with cone. HCl (50ml.) and this-solution is saturated with HCl and allowed to stand overnight. The solution is made alkaline with 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide, and then refluxed until the evolution of ammonia ceases. The solution is acidified and extracted with ether. The ether extracts are washed with water. dried (MgSO and evaporated. The residue is dissolved in dioxane (lSOmL) and sulfuric acid (5nd.) and refluxed for 2 hr. The reaction mixture is poured into ice water 5 and extracted with ether. After drying and evaporation the title compound is obtained.
• EXAMPLE 38 a-Dimethylfluorene-2-acetic acid Following the procedures of Examples 32 and 36 but substituting either methyl a-methylfluorene-Z-acetic acid or a-methylfluorene-2 -acet'onitrile for the fluo--
• a mixture of fluorene-Z-carboxylic acid (3g.)'in-thionyl chloride (l-Oml.) is refluxed for 3 hr. and thenevaporated.
• the acid chloride in ether 25ml.
• EXAMPLE 41 7-Hydroxyfluorene-2-acetic acid A. Fermentation Surface growth from a two week old agar slant of Aspergillus niger (ATCC-9l42), the slant containing as nutrient medium (A):
• substrate 200 micrograms/ml.
• substrate 200 micrograms/ml.
• sterile solution 40mg./ml.
• a total of 200mg. of fluorene-2-acetic acid is fermented.
• the contents of the flasks are pooled and the broth is adjusted to pH 2.5 with l2N H SO
• the acidified broth is then filtered through a Seitz clarifying pad.
• the flasks, mycelium and pad are washed with successive 100ml. portions of warm water.
• the combined filtrate and washings have a volume of 1500ml.

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• 1970
  • 1970-09-09 US US070913A patent/US3859340A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1971
  • 1971-08-16 ZA ZA715474A patent/ZA715474B/xx unknown
  • 1971-08-16 CA CA120,620A patent/CA998400A/en not_active Expired
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• 1972
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• 1976
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