US3858467A - Wrench having interceptor for selectably ratcheting or torqueing a hexagonal member - Google Patents

Wrench having interceptor for selectably ratcheting or torqueing a hexagonal member Download PDF

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Publication number
US3858467A
US3858467A US456648A US45664874A US3858467A US 3858467 A US3858467 A US 3858467A US 456648 A US456648 A US 456648A US 45664874 A US45664874 A US 45664874A US 3858467 A US3858467 A US 3858467A
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United States
Prior art keywords
interceptor
torqueing
wrench
ratcheting
jaw
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Expired - Lifetime
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US456648A
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English (en)
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James P Evans
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to CA222,964A priority patent/CA1022782A/en
Priority to JP50039031A priority patent/JPS50140998A/ja
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/46—Spanners; Wrenches of the ratchet type, for providing a free return stroke of the handle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B13/00—Spanners; Wrenches
    • B25B13/02—Spanners; Wrenches with rigid jaws
    • B25B13/08—Spanners; Wrenches with rigid jaws of open jaw type

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A wrench having both torqueing and ratcheting capabilities for rotating hexagonal members including a body having a torqueing jaw and a backup jaw, the jaws being spaced from-each other to s'lidably receive the opposed sides of a hexagonal member therebetween, a retractable interceptor means carried by the wrench and positional between a torqueing position and a ratcheting position, so arranged that in the ratcheting positiongthe interceptor engages the hexag onal member and limits the contact of the torqueing jaw to less than one-half of the member side, and when the interceptor is in the torqueing position the torqueing jaw is unobstructed to fully engage the member side.
  • End wrenches include adjustable types wherein the spacing between the jaws may be varied.
  • Another type of hand wrench is the box end which includes an arrangement having an opening with the internal configuration arranged to axially receive a hexagonal member on all six sides for rotation of the member.
  • the common types of hand wrenches above described do not include means of ratcheting the hexagonal member. After the wrench has been rotated through a given arc, which is proscribed by the working area limitation surrounding the hexagonal member, it is necessary to disengage the wrench from the hexagonal member in order to get an new bite on the member. This is true whether the wrench is the open end or box end type. When the wrench is disengaged and moved to a new torqueing position and again applied to the hexagonal member it must be positioned accurately relative to the hexagonal member so as to engage the member for imparting torque. This repeated engaging and disengaging from the hexagonal member is time consuming.
  • ratchet wrenches which include a socket which slips down axially over the member with a drive shaft extendingfrom the socket.
  • the drive shaft connects to a ratcheting device having a handle extending therefrom.
  • the ratcheting device includes a ratchet wheel and pawl arrangement for rotating the socket.
  • Such apparatus works satisfactorily except it is fairly expensive and is spacing consuming. In many applications it is difficult, if not impossible, to position this type of ratcheting socket wrench on to a hexagonal member.
  • the wrench of this invention overcomes the problems and limitations of the existing art by providing a wrench which is inexpensive, which does not depend on ratchet and paw] arrangements, which can be used for both ratcheting or applying high torque to a member at the option of the user, and which can be used in any situation where a standard open end wrench may be employed.
  • the invention is an open end wrench having a body portion with a handle extending therefrom. Extending also from the body, and in the direction opposite the handle, are a pair of jaws, one being a backup jaw and the other a torqueing jaw.
  • the jaws have opposed working surfaces which are spaced apart from each other a distance slightly greater than the distance between the opposed flat surfaces of a hexagonal member to which the wrench is sized.
  • the backup jaw working surface is preferably slightly longer than the length of a side of the hexagonal member to be rotated whereas the torqueing jaw working surface is preferably approximately equal to the length of the member side.
  • the wrench engages the opposed sides of a hexagonal member throughout the full length of the sides and applies torque to the hexagonal member in either direction as the wrench handle is pivoted. In this mode the wrench functions in the same way as the normal open end wrench.
  • a retractable interceptor is carried by the body or one of the jaws of the wrench and is movable between two positions. In the torqueing position the interceptor is withdrawn so that the wrench working surfaces engage the full opposed sides of the hexagonal member as above described. In the ratcheting position however, the interceptor engages the member to be rotated and limits the contact of the torqueing jaw working surface to less than one-half of the member side. At the same time, all or substantially all, of the opposed member side is contacted by the backup jaw working surface. In this position, torque may be applied to the hexagonal member by rotation of the handle thereof in the direction towards the backup jaw.
  • the handle is rotated in the opposite direction, that is, towards the torqueing jaw, the torqueing jaw does not apply rotational force to the hexagonal member and instead, the wrench slides upon the hexagonal member peripherial surface until a new position is reached wherein a new bite may be had upon the hexagonal member.
  • the interceptor is spring biased and normally extends into the ratcheting position so as to engage the hexagonal member when the wrench is applied, but is retracted by force urging the wrench into full engagement with the member for torqueing.
  • means is provided for selectively positioning and retaining the interceptor either in the ratcheting or the torqueing position.
  • a more particular object of the invention is to provide an open end wrench for hexagonal members having two modes of operation. In the first mode the wrench functions in either direction. In the second mode the wrench applies torque to the hexagonal member in only one direction of rotation and slides freely upon the peripheral surface peripheral the hexagonal member in the other direction of rotation so that ratch eting action may be employed by the wrench user.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an open end wrench with an interceptor for limiting the area of contact of one jaw against a hexagonal member, including means of moving the interceptor between a torqueing position and a ratcheting position.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a wrench employed to either apply torque or to ratchet a hexagonal member.
  • FIG. 2 is an end view of the wrench of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an cross-sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view as shown in FIG. but
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are enlarged cross-sectional views as taken along the line 7-7 of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7A shows the interceptor lock in the position to retain the interceptor either in the torqueing or ratcheting position
  • FIG. 7B shows the interceptor lock in the position to permit movement of the interceptor.
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view as in FIG. 1 but showing an alternate interceptor arrangement which may be positioned either in the ratcheting or torqueing position.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 99 of FIG. 8.
  • FIG. 10 is a'view of an interceptor as may be employed in the embodiments of FIGS. 8 and 9.
  • FIG. 11 is a plan view of an alternate embodiment showing the arrangement of FIG. 8 but with the interceptor placed in a different position relative to the wrench working surfaces.
  • FIG. 12 is a plan view of the embodiment as shown in FIG. 11 but showing the interceptor in the torqueing position.
  • FIG. 13 shows another alternate embodiment of the invention wherein the interceptor is spring biased and normally extends into the illustrated ratcheting position.
  • FIG. 14 is the embodiment of FIG. 13 in which the v interceptor has been moved back into the torqueing position as the wrench is forced in full engagement with the hexagonal member. In the embodiments of FIGS. 13 and 14 no means are provided for the operator to select the position of the interceptor except by the amount of force by which the wrench is inserted onto the hexagonal member.
  • FIG. 15 is a plane view shown partially in crosssection of the embodiment as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 but including means of selectively positioning the tion against rotational torque by the wrench.
  • the hexagonal member 32 has a distance between an opposed parallel faces of X and a length along one side of Y.
  • the'spacing A between working surfaces 28 and 30 is substantially equal to and slightly greater than X. This permits a hexagonal member-32 to slide between the working surface 28 and 30 and in such position, the hexagonal member may be rotated in either direction by the rotation of the handle 22.
  • the wrench body portion and handle portion 22 includes an opening 34 which is elongated and of a diameter substantially less than the thickness of the wrench.
  • the opening 34 is best seen in FIG 2.
  • Slidably I positioned in opening 34 is an interceptor 36 having a forward member engaging face 38.
  • the interceptor 36 is in the form of a relatively long, small diameter rod, although-of course the interceptor may be of a square or other cross sectional configuration if desired.
  • interceptor face 38 is inclined at an angle of 60 relais positioned adjacent the flat portion 42 of interceptor interceptor in the ratcheting or torqueing position.
  • FIG. 15 the interceptor is shown in the torqueing position.
  • FIG. 16 shows the arrangement of FIG. 15 with the interceptor in the torqueing position.
  • FIG. 17 is a top view of the arrangement of FIGS. 15 and 16.
  • FIG. 18 is a hexagonal member showing representative dimensions.
  • the wrench includes a body portion 20 having a body portion 20 having a handle 22 extending therefrom.
  • a backup jaw 24 and a paralleled torqueing jaw 26 extends from body 20.
  • the backup jaw 24 has a backup working surface 28, and in like manner the torqueing jaw 26 has a torqueing jaw working surface 30.
  • a hexagonal member 32 is shown.
  • the member may represent a nut, bolt, or any other hexagonal member to be rotated or held in posi- 36 so that its travel is limited.
  • the interceptor is limited in its outward travel so that in the ratchet position the interceptor face 38 is spaced from the other end of the ratcheting jaw working surface 30 a distance B (FIG. 1) which is less than one-half Y; that is, less than one-half the distance along one side of a hexagonal member 32.
  • a distance B FIG. 1
  • hexagonal member 32 is shown in dotted outline as positioned in the wrench during ratcheting operation.
  • FIG. 3 shows the embodiment of FIG. I in which the wrench is pushed onto the hexagonal member 32 so that it is fully received between the wrench jaws. This forces the interceptor 36 rearwardly, compressing spring 40.
  • rotation of the wrench handle 22 in either direction applies torque to hexagonal member 32 to rotate it in either direction, as indicated by the arrows.
  • the wrench functions as a normal end wrench.
  • the user by the selection of force with which the wrench is pushed onto the hexagonal member, can use the wrench as a ratcheting wrench as in FIG. 1 or a torqueing wrench as in FIG. 3. In the typical application the user would force the wrench fully onto the hexagonal member to loosen the hexagonal member or apply final tightening torque.
  • the user will normally insert the wrench onto the hexagonal member as shown in FIG. I so that the member can be rotated by a ratchet action.
  • the outer end of torqueing jaw 26 is provided with an inclined or arcuate surface 46 which helps retain the wrench in engagement with the hexagonal member as it is being rotated.
  • the surface 46 is not employed in imparting torque to the hexagonal member either in the torqueing or ratcheting position.
  • FIGS. 5, 6, 7A and 7B show the arrangement of FIG. I with a means of selectively retaining the interceptor in either the torqueing or ratcheting position.
  • the embodiment illustrated in these views functions the same as with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 4, except for a difference in the configuration of the retaining pin 44, and the recess on the interceptor 36.
  • the interceptor has a semi-circular recess 48A at the forward end of the flat portion 42 and a similar semicircular recess 48B at the rearward end of the flat surface 42.
  • the retaining pin includes a larger diameter portion 44A and a smaller diameter portion 448.
  • the larger diameter portion 44A is received in either of the interceptor semicircular recess 48A or 48B.
  • the smaller diameter portion 44B engages the flat portion 42 on the interceptor.
  • the retaining pin is in the locked position, that is, the interceptor 36 is locked and cannot be moved longitudinally.
  • the interceptor 36 is locked in the forward or ratchet position.
  • the interceptor can be locked in the forward semicircular recess 48A so that the interceptor 36 is retained in the torqueing position, and in that case the view of FIG. 7A would appear on the same.
  • FIG. 7B shows the retaining pin in a position wherein the interceptor 36 is free to move longitudinally.
  • FIG. 5 shows the interceptor 36 locked in the ratchet position wherein torque can be applied in only one position to the hexagonal member 32
  • FIG. 6 shows the interceptor locked in the torqueing position wherein torque can beapplied in either direction to the hexagonal member.
  • the small diameter portion 448 is made in the form of a threaded bolt having a head portion 44C, the threaded portion being threadably received in an opening in the large diameter portion 44A.
  • the interceptor is an elongated cylindrical rod having the interceptor face 38 at one end but also having an integral right angular portion 52 at the opposite end.
  • the elongated opening 34 in the wrench is intercepted in the wrench handle portion by a slot 54 which communicates with the exterior of one side of the handle 22.
  • the interceptor right angle portion 52 extends through the slot 54 and provides means by which the position of the interceptor 36 may be manually selected by the user.
  • the intermediate portion of slot 54 is of a width to slidably receive the interceptor angular portion 52.
  • an upwardly extending recess 54A is provided and in like manner an upwardly extending recess 54B is provided in the rearward end of the slot.
  • the interceptor 36 is shown in the position for ratcheting a hexagonal member.
  • the angular portion 52 of the interceptor is received in slot 54A, which holds the interceptor in the forward position.
  • the angular portion 52 is moved downwardly and then the interceptor is moved rearwardly until the angular portion 52 can be moved upwardly again into the rearward slot portion 548. In this position the full length of torqueing jaw working surface 30 is exposed to receive a hexagonal member.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 show a somewhat altered arrangement of that shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and 10.
  • the interceptor 36 is shaped and functions the same as in FIGS. 8, 9 and I0 except that the opening 34 receiving the interceptor is inclined at an angle relative to the torqueing jaw working surface 30 and in like manner the slot 54 is inclined at the same angle.
  • FIG. 11 shows the wrench with the interceptor 36 in the forward position and angle portion 52 in slot recess 54A so that the wrench is in the ratcheting mode
  • FIG. 12 shows the interceptor 36 in the rearward position, with the angular portion 52 in the rearward slot recess 54B, so that the full torqueing jaw working surface 30 is exposed for applying maximum torque to the hexago nal member 32.
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 show a still different alternate embodiment of the invention.
  • the interceptor 36 is shorter and is received in the torqueing jaw 26.
  • the interceptor opening 34 is inclined at an angle relative to the torqueing jaw working surface 36.
  • Spring 48 functions in the same way as with the embodiment of FIG. I to urge the interceptor into a forward position to engage a hexagonal member 32 when the wrench is in the ratcheting mode.
  • the interceptor 36 compresses spring 40 and the interceptor is withdrawn within the opening 34 allowing the full torqueing jaw working surface 30 to engage the hexagonal member 32 and thereby the wrench may apply. maximum torque to the member.
  • the interceptor 36 has a flat portion 42 and a retaining pin 44 is utilized to permit the interceptor tobe longitudinally positioned but maintained within prescribed limits of travel, as has been previously described relative to FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 15, I6 and I7 show another different embodiment of the invention.
  • the interceptor 36 is provided with an enlarged diameter head 56 at the end thereof opposite the member engaging face 38.
  • Interceptor opening 34 is of an increased diameter in a portion 34A spaced away from the torqueing jaw working surface 30.
  • the change in diameter between the opening 34 and the enlarged portion 34A provides a shoulder 58.
  • Compression spring 48 is positioned between shoulder 58 and the interceptor head 56.
  • the spring 40 urges the interceptor 36 towards the rearward or torqueing position as contrasted with the function of the spring in the embodiments of FIG. ll, 5 and 13.
  • a cam wheel 60 is employed which is eccentrically rotated about a shaft 62 secured to the wrench jaw 26.
  • the cam wheel 60 can be rotated by the thumb of the user.
  • the interceptor 36 is pushed into position to engage a hexagonal member 32 and hold it in the torqueing position.
  • the various embodiments of the invention discloses that a variety of means may be employed to position an interceptor to engage a hexagonal member and limit the contact of the torqueing jaw working surface with the hexagonal member; and that the interceptor may be moved to a position wherein the torqueing jaw is unobstructed enabling the working surfaces of the wrench to fully contact opposed sides of the hexagonal member.
  • a body portion having a torqueing jaw and a backup jaw extending therefrom in a common place, the jaws being spaced apart from each other slightly greater than X and providing a member receiving space therebetween, the jaws each having a working surface, the-working surfaces being parallel to each other and spaced to slidably receive the opposed parallel sides of the member to be rotated, the length of the torqueing jaw working surface equal to Y and the length of the backup jaw working surface being greater than Y, the body having a handle portion, extending therefrom:
  • a retractable interceptor means carried by said body portion and positionable between a torqueing position and a ratcheting position, the interceptor having a member engaging surface so arranged that in the ratcheting position the interceptor engages the member to be rotated and limits the contact of said torqueing jaw working surface to less than one half of a member parallel side, and when the interceptor means is in the torqueing position the torqueing jaw working surface is unobstructed to fully engage the member parallel side;
  • a wrench according to claim 1 wherein said interceptor means is in the form of a cylindrical rod, the outer end of which forms said member engaging surface, and wherein said wrench has a cylindrical opening therein, the interceptor being received in said opening and slidably positioned between said torqueing position and said ratcheting position.
  • a wrench according to claim 1 including resilient means urging said interceptor means towards said ratcheting position.
  • a wrench according to claim 3 including a compression spring received in said opening in engagement with the inner end at said interceptor-resiliently biasing it to said ratcheting position.
  • a wrench accordingto claim 3 wherein said interceptor has a flat surface on an intermediate portion slidable travel thereof.
  • a wrench according to claim 1 wherein said interceptor is carried by said torqueing jaw, the interceptor extending through said torqueing jaw working surface when in said ratcheting position.
  • a wrench according to claim 8 wherein said means of selectively retaining said interceptor in one of said ratcheting torqueing positions includes a cam wheel rotated eccentrically around an axis, the periphery of said tlOl'l.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
US456648A 1974-04-01 1974-04-01 Wrench having interceptor for selectably ratcheting or torqueing a hexagonal member Expired - Lifetime US3858467A (en)

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US456648A US3858467A (en) 1974-04-01 1974-04-01 Wrench having interceptor for selectably ratcheting or torqueing a hexagonal member
CA222,964A CA1022782A (en) 1974-04-01 1975-03-24 Wrench having interceptor for selectably ratcheting or torqueing a hexagonal member
JP50039031A JPS50140998A (da) 1974-04-01 1975-03-31

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US456648A US3858467A (en) 1974-04-01 1974-04-01 Wrench having interceptor for selectably ratcheting or torqueing a hexagonal member

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5287778A (en) * 1991-10-02 1994-02-22 Cook Steven M Universal screw driver
US5768958A (en) * 1997-01-16 1998-06-23 Gamble; Bruce H. Open ended rachet wrench
USD420264S (en) * 1998-10-22 2000-02-08 Ching Chen Wrench
US20040221693A1 (en) * 2003-05-06 2004-11-11 Kwang-Moo Kim Self-adjustable universal spanner
US20050109169A1 (en) * 2003-11-24 2005-05-26 Chih-Ching Hsien Wrench open end having a pushing tongue
US7255026B1 (en) * 2006-03-02 2007-08-14 Yi Min Lee One-way monkey wrench
US20070240546A1 (en) * 2006-04-18 2007-10-18 Bollinger Robert A Adjustable wrenches
USD748958S1 (en) 2014-08-29 2016-02-09 Ridge Tool Company Wrench
USD749924S1 (en) 2014-08-29 2016-02-23 Ridge Tool Company Wrench
USD750944S1 (en) 2014-08-29 2016-03-08 Ridge Tool Company Wrench
US9327387B2 (en) 2012-08-30 2016-05-03 Emerson Electric Co. Integrated foot vise and wrench
US9522458B2 (en) * 2014-09-30 2016-12-20 Yung Fong Tools Co., Ltd. Clamping structure for open end wrench
US9610676B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2017-04-04 Emerson Electric Co. Pipe wrench with hook shank spacer

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5996445A (en) * 1998-06-04 1999-12-07 Universal Toolcraft Corporation Ratcheting wrench

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2855814A (en) * 1956-10-24 1958-10-14 Syco Mfg Company Inc Open end wrench with slidable jaw face
US2879681A (en) * 1957-10-28 1959-03-31 Howard C Blasdell Slidable jaw-face, open-end wrench
US3717054A (en) * 1971-07-19 1973-02-20 Shoob S Open-end wrench with integral ratcheting means

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2855814A (en) * 1956-10-24 1958-10-14 Syco Mfg Company Inc Open end wrench with slidable jaw face
US2879681A (en) * 1957-10-28 1959-03-31 Howard C Blasdell Slidable jaw-face, open-end wrench
US3717054A (en) * 1971-07-19 1973-02-20 Shoob S Open-end wrench with integral ratcheting means

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5287778A (en) * 1991-10-02 1994-02-22 Cook Steven M Universal screw driver
US5768958A (en) * 1997-01-16 1998-06-23 Gamble; Bruce H. Open ended rachet wrench
USD420264S (en) * 1998-10-22 2000-02-08 Ching Chen Wrench
US20040221693A1 (en) * 2003-05-06 2004-11-11 Kwang-Moo Kim Self-adjustable universal spanner
US6945143B2 (en) * 2003-05-06 2005-09-20 Kwang-Moo Kim Self-adjustable universal spanner
US20050109169A1 (en) * 2003-11-24 2005-05-26 Chih-Ching Hsien Wrench open end having a pushing tongue
US6899000B1 (en) * 2003-11-24 2005-05-31 Chih-Ching Hsien Wrench open end having a pushing tongue
US20070204728A1 (en) * 2006-03-02 2007-09-06 Lee Yi M One-way monkey wrench
US7255026B1 (en) * 2006-03-02 2007-08-14 Yi Min Lee One-way monkey wrench
US20070240546A1 (en) * 2006-04-18 2007-10-18 Bollinger Robert A Adjustable wrenches
US7305909B2 (en) 2006-04-18 2007-12-11 Robert Arthur Bollinger Adjustable wrenches
US9327387B2 (en) 2012-08-30 2016-05-03 Emerson Electric Co. Integrated foot vise and wrench
US9610676B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2017-04-04 Emerson Electric Co. Pipe wrench with hook shank spacer
USD748958S1 (en) 2014-08-29 2016-02-09 Ridge Tool Company Wrench
USD749924S1 (en) 2014-08-29 2016-02-23 Ridge Tool Company Wrench
USD750944S1 (en) 2014-08-29 2016-03-08 Ridge Tool Company Wrench
US9522458B2 (en) * 2014-09-30 2016-12-20 Yung Fong Tools Co., Ltd. Clamping structure for open end wrench

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1022782A (en) 1977-12-20
JPS50140998A (da) 1975-11-12

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