US3858374A - Triaxially prestressed polygonal concrete members - Google Patents

Triaxially prestressed polygonal concrete members Download PDF

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Publication number
US3858374A
US3858374A US404581A US40458173A US3858374A US 3858374 A US3858374 A US 3858374A US 404581 A US404581 A US 404581A US 40458173 A US40458173 A US 40458173A US 3858374 A US3858374 A US 3858374A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
casing
elongate
interior
concrete
liners
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US404581A
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English (en)
Inventor
Emanuel Ben-Zvi
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International Environmental Dynamics Inc
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International Environmental Dynamics Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Environmental Dynamics Inc filed Critical International Environmental Dynamics Inc
Priority to US404581A priority Critical patent/US3858374A/en
Priority to GB42141/74A priority patent/GB1481053A/en
Priority to CA210,275A priority patent/CA1021174A/en
Priority to DE19742447111 priority patent/DE2447111A1/de
Priority to IT7453380A priority patent/IT1019490B/it
Priority to FR7433874A priority patent/FR2246710B3/fr
Priority to JP49116791A priority patent/JPS5066519A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3858374A publication Critical patent/US3858374A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/30—Columns; Pillars; Struts
    • E04C3/34—Columns; Pillars; Struts of concrete other stone-like material, with or without permanent form elements, with or without internal or external reinforcement, e.g. metal coverings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/20—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members
    • E04C3/26—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members prestressed

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A triaxially prestressed concrete member having a polygonal crosssection is disclosed.
  • the member includes an elongate hollow casing which has a polygonal, usually square or rectangular cross-section.
  • Elongate arcuate liners are located within the casing and are co-extensive therewith. The opposite side lateral edges of each liner are in abutment with adjacent interior corners of the casing. These liners divide the hollow interior of the casing into at least three side sections defined by the concave surfaces of the respective arcuate liners and the interior surfaces of the casing, and a central section defined by the convex surfaces of the liners.
  • Non-expansive concrete material fills the side portions of the casing, and expansive concrete material fills the central portion.
  • the radial expansion of the expansive concrete is restrained by the arcuate liners which are in contact with the interior corners of the casing to radially or biaxially-prestress the concrete. Longitudinal expansion of the expansive concrete material is prohibited by adherence of the concrete to the convex surfaces of the arcuate liners to prestress the concrete in a third triaxial direction.
  • the present invention relates to concrete members, and in particular to triaxially prestressed concrete members which have a generally square or rectangular cross-section.
  • triaxially prestressed concrete members are highly desirable and even necessary in many applications. Square members are especially desirable for use as beams due to the increased transverse (bending) load carrying capability of a square member. Also, it is usually more simple to mount a floor or roof section on a square support member rather than around. member. Hence, even though triaxially prestressed concrete members are highly desirable in many applications, the fact that such members must be cylindrical has seriously impeded the use of such members in actual practice, even for direct compression.
  • the present invention relates to triaxially prestressed concrete members which have a generally square or other polygonal cross-section.
  • the members comprise an elongate hollow casing which has a cross-section corresponding to the desired shape of the member.
  • Elongate arcuate liners are preferably located within the casing and are co-extensive therewith.
  • the opposite side lateral edges of each arcuate lliner are in abutment with adjacent interior corners of the casing to divide the hollow interior of the casing into side sections defined by the concave surfaces of the respective arcuate liners and the interior surfaces of the casing.
  • a central section is defined by the convex surfaces of the arcuate liners.
  • Non-expansive concrete material is used to fill the side sections and expansive concrete material is used to fill the central section so that the expansive concrete is triaxially prestressed.
  • the principle object of the present invention is to provide a triaxially prestressed concrete member which has a generally square or rectangular cross-section, although the system disclosed herein is applicable to any polygon shape.
  • the system of arcuate liners in contact with the internal corners of the casing are forced radially outwardly by the expansive concrete. Such movement is prevented by the casing, and the attempted expansion of the expansive concrete is prevented by the presence of the casing so that the concrete is prestressed.
  • An advantage of the concrete member formed according to the teachings of the present invention is that the radial forces caused by the expansion of the concrete are counter-acted solely by tension forces in the casing so that the original shape of the casing is retained.
  • a casing preferably constructed of steel, is quite strong in tension, although it has little strength in compression, and the individual sidewalls have little resistance to bending.
  • the primary strength of the casing is utilized to resist expansion and thereby prestress the concrete. It should be noted that if arcuate liners were not used to transmit the force to the corners of the casing, but rather expansive concrete were merely poured into the entire portion of the casing, the sides of the casing would merely bow out since the sidewalls of the casing have little bending resistance. The concrete would thus not be adequately prestressed, and the member would no longer be square.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are end and perspective views respectively of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an end view of one alternative embodiment of the present invention using W-shaped internal members
  • FIG. 3 is an end view of another alternative embodiment of the present invention using a central tube and blocks;
  • FIG. 4 is an end view of another alternative embodiment of the present invention using removable internal forms
  • FIG. 5 is an end view of still another embodiment of the present invention using bolts connecting opposite sides of the casing
  • FIG. 6 is an end view of yet another embodiment of the present invention using bolts connecting adjacent sides of the casing.
  • Concrete member 10 includes an outer casing or sheath 12 having a substantially square crosssection.
  • a plurality of individual arcuate liners 14 are mounted in the hollow interior of casing 12, the length of the liners being co-extensive with the length of the casing.
  • the opposite lateral edges 16, 18 of each liner are in abutment with the internal corners 20 of casing 12 along the entire length of the respective corners.
  • each arcuate liner 14 in combination with the interior surfaces 24 of the sidewalls of casing 12, define a plurality of side channels 26 in the hollow interior of casing 12.
  • Side channels 26 can be filled with non-expansive concrete so that elongate arcuate liners 14 cannot buckle when loaded.
  • the central channel 28 defined by the exterior or convex surfaces 30 of the arcuate liners 14 can then be filled with expansive concrete.
  • a temporary core 32 or curing hole can be provided for curing of the concrete.
  • the expansive concrete poured into central channel 28 will attempt to expand as it matures.
  • expansive concrete is used herein, the present invention relates to any expansive cementitious material used in making artificial stone structural components, and the term expansive concrete as used herein includes all such materials. Since the central channel is defined by the convex surfaces 30 of arcuate liners l4, expansion of the concrete will attempt to move the liners radially outwardly. Since the lateral edges 16, 18 of arcuate liners 14 are in contact with the interior corners 20 of casing 12, radial movement of the liners will be restrained by the casing at the internal corners thereof.
  • Arcuate liners 14 are primarily subjected to compressive loads. Hence, these members could be constructed of precast concrete material. However, steel is the preferred material for liners 14 since minimum compressive strain of the liners is desired to transmit relatively all of the expansion of the expansive concrete to the internal corners 20 of casing 12, and to minimize forces directed to the internal surfaces 24 of the sidewalls of the casing.
  • FIG. 2 utilizes a hollow casing or sheath 40 similar to the casing 12 illustrated in FIGS. 1A and B.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 2 utilizes elongate liners 42 co-extensive with casing 40 having agenerally W-shaped configuration.
  • elongate liners 42 have a central circular arc section and two outwardly directed planar sections 44 which intersect the interior corners 46 of casing 40.
  • Elongate liners 42 define a plurality of side channels 28 which are filled with non-expansive concrete which is allowed to cure.
  • Central section 50 is then filled with expansive concrete material.
  • a temporary curing hole 52 can be provided which is filled in later.
  • Expansion of the expansive concrete 50 is restrained by elongate liners 42 which are in turn restrained by the interior corners 46 of casing 40, much as in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1. Hence, expansion of expansive concrete in central channel 40 is counter-acted by tension forces in the sidewalls of casing 40, and the square configuration of the casing is retained to form a square, triaxially prestressed concrete member.
  • the embodiment of the present invention illustrated in the end view of FIG. 3 utilizes a thin steel tube 60 which defines an interior channel 62 adapted to receive expansive concrete.
  • tube 60 could be corner 68 of casing 64.
  • blocks 66 which are generally in contact with the internal corners 68 of casing 64.
  • tension in the sidewalls of casing 64 prevents expansion of concrete to laterally or radially prestress the concrete.
  • Axial prestressing results from the adherence of the expansive concrete to the interior surfaces of tube 60.
  • An embodiment of the present invention which utilizes removable forms to shape the concrete material is illustrated by way of reference to the end view of FIG. 4.
  • An outer casing 80 illustrated as having a square cross-section but capable of having any polygoncross section, is initially provided.
  • a plurality of elongate generally pointed hollow caps 82, co-extensive with casing 80, are provided in each interior, corner 84 of the casing.
  • Temporary arch-shaped forms (not shown) interconnect the adjacent caps 82.
  • Non-expansive concrete material is then poured into the plurality of side channels defined by the temporary forms. After the non-expansive concrete 86 is cured, the forms are removed, and the non-expansive concrete, together with caps 82, define an interior channel 88.
  • Expansive concrete material is then poured in central channel 88 and a temporary curing hole 90 can be left in the center of casing 80. Due to the arch-shaped configuration of non-expansive concrete 86, expansion of the expansive concrete in central channel 88 is counter-acted by caps 82 in abutment with the internal corners 84 of casing 80. Hence, such expansion is prevented by tension forces in casing 80 as dictated by the principles of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 An alternative embodiment of the present invention which utilizes temporary bolts in conjunction with areshaped members to maintain the polygon configuration of an outer casing 100 is illustrated by way of reference to FIG. 5.
  • a plurality of arcuate liners 102 co-extensive with the elongate casing 100 are provided in the interior hollow portion of casing 100.
  • Each liner has a transverse dimension equal to one-half the width of the sidewalls of casing 100.
  • Expansive concrete material is poured in the central channel 104 defined by the convex surfaces of arcuate liners 102. The lateral edges of the liners 102 adjacent the center of the sidewalls of casing 100 will tend to bow out the sidewall.
  • bolts 106 which interconnect opposite sidewalls of casing 100.
  • a plurality of such bolts 106 are provided along the length of elongate. casing 100, and the bolts are staggered to eliminate interference between adjacent bolts at the centers thereof.
  • Bolts 106 could be removed after the expansive concrete in central channel 104 has been laterally prestressed to give the resulting concrete member a smooth exterior configuration.
  • bolts 106 can be left embedded in the concrete.
  • a spirally wound wire 108 can be provided co-extensive with casing 100. Spiral 108 may be embedded in the expansive concrete in central channel 104 and will restrict radial expansion thereof, reinforcing the prestressing provided by the casing 100.
  • FIG. 6 An alternative embodiment of the present invention similar to that illustrated in FIG. 5 is illustrated by way of reference to FIG. 6.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 6 uti- LII lizes bolts 110, which may be either temporary or permanent, connecting adjacent sidewalls of elongate casing 112. A plurality of such bolts 110 are provided along the length of casing 112. Spiral reinforcing wires 114 can also be provided to further prestress expansive concrete poured into the interior 116 of the elongate casing.
  • the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 6 has the advantage that the expansive concrete material fills the entire hollow interior of casing 112, not requiring the use of non-expansive concrete or providing gaps in the interior of the casing.
  • a form for the construction of a triaxially prestressed concrete member comprising at least three side-defining elongate members, each side-defining member including an elongated planar portion and an elongated arcuate portion each having opposite side lateral edges in abutment-with corresponding side lateral edges of the other, each side-defining elongate member being adjacent to two other of the said elongate members and joined thereto along adjacent lateral edges of the planar portions thereof so that the convex surfaces of the arcuate portions of the side-defining elongate members define an elongate chamber adapted to receive expansive concrete therein, said expansive concrete being confined by the side-defining members to prestress said expansive concrete.
  • a triaxially prestressed concrete member comprising:
  • an elongate hollow casing having a substantially polygonal section defining three or more interior walls meeting at interior corners, said casing having a preselected length;
  • each said interior layer having an arcuate section normal to its elongate length between opposite side lateral edges, each said liner being placed overlying one of the interior walls of the casingrespectively, the opposite side lateral edges of each said liner in abutment with the interior corners contiguous with the associated wall todivide the hollow interior of said casing into at least three side sections defined by the concave interior surfaces of the liners and the interior walls of the casing, said elongate interior liners when located within said casing further defining a central section defined by the convex surfaces of the arch-shaped members;
  • non-expansive concrete material fillingthe side sections of the hollow interior of the casing; and expansive concrete material filling the central section of the hollow interior of the casing.
  • polygon section comprises a square section defining four interior walls, and wherein the liners comprise four elongate interior liners.
  • Apparatus for the construction of a sheathed, triaxially prestressed concrete member comprising:
  • an elongate hollow casing having a polygonal-shaped cross-section defining three or more interior walls meeting at interior corners;
  • said central chamber being adapted to receive expansive concrete therein and inhibit axial expansion of said concrete to axially prestress said concrete
  • said chamber defining means including means connecting the central chamber to the elongate hollow casing at the interior corners of said casing, said connecting means adapted to substantially maintain a constant distance between the central chamber and each of the interior corners of the hollow casing so that the radial expansion of expansive concrete in the central chamber is restrained by the hollow casing to radially prestress said concrete.
  • the means for defining a central chamber comprises the convex surfaces of a plurality of elongate liners having an arcuate cross-section and a length co-extensive with the length of the hollow casing, one said arcuate liner corresponding to each of the interior walls of said casing respectively, each said arcuate liner having opposite lateral edges in abutment with adjacent interior corners of the elongate hollow casing.
  • the means for defining a central chamber comprises the exterior surfaces of a plurality of liners co-extensive with the hollow casing, one said liner corresponding to each of the interior walls of the casing respectively, each said liner having opposite lateral edges in abutment with adjacent interior corners of the elongate hollow casing so the expansion of the expansive concrete is restrained by the hollow casing at the interior corners thereof to radially prestress said concrete.
  • the means for defining a central chamber comprises an elongate thin-walled tube co-extensive with the casing, and a plurality of elongate blocks co-extensive with the hollow casing, one of the said blocks associated with each of the interior corners of the casing respectively, each said block having a curved surface adapted to contact the outer surface of the elongate tube and a second opposite surface adapted to be in abutment with the associated interior corner of the casing so that each said block substantially maintains a constant distance between the central chamber and the associated interior corner of the hollow casing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
US404581A 1973-10-09 1973-10-09 Triaxially prestressed polygonal concrete members Expired - Lifetime US3858374A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US404581A US3858374A (en) 1973-10-09 1973-10-09 Triaxially prestressed polygonal concrete members
GB42141/74A GB1481053A (en) 1973-10-09 1974-09-27 Prestressed polygonal concrete members
CA210,275A CA1021174A (en) 1973-10-09 1974-09-27 Triaxially prestressed polygonal concrete members
DE19742447111 DE2447111A1 (de) 1973-10-09 1974-10-02 Bauteil aus beton und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
IT7453380A IT1019490B (it) 1973-10-09 1974-10-07 Metodo e dispositivo a cassaforma per costruire elementi di calce struzzo precompresso
FR7433874A FR2246710B3 (fr) 1973-10-09 1974-10-08
JP49116791A JPS5066519A (fr) 1973-10-09 1974-10-09

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US404581A US3858374A (en) 1973-10-09 1973-10-09 Triaxially prestressed polygonal concrete members

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US3858374A true US3858374A (en) 1975-01-07

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US (1) US3858374A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5066519A (fr)
CA (1) CA1021174A (fr)
DE (1) DE2447111A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2246710B3 (fr)
GB (1) GB1481053A (fr)
IT (1) IT1019490B (fr)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4071996A (en) * 1971-11-02 1978-02-07 Kajima Kensetsu Kabushiki Kaisha Process for reinforcing reinforced concrete post
US4398377A (en) * 1980-01-25 1983-08-16 Romig Jr Byron A Structural member with equalized internal tension
US4691488A (en) * 1981-08-11 1987-09-08 Oy Wartsila Ab Method for producing a concrete-filled steel body for suppressing vibrations
US5263297A (en) * 1989-11-02 1993-11-23 Kim Joong S Structural member with a metal shell
US5457929A (en) * 1989-11-02 1995-10-17 Kim; Joong S. Structural member with a metal shell
US5533309A (en) * 1994-01-03 1996-07-09 Rivin; Evgeny I. Method and means for enhancement of beam stiffness
WO1999005380A2 (fr) * 1997-07-21 1999-02-04 Joong Shik Kim Element structurel a coques metalliques renforcees par des plaques de renfort
US20030089056A1 (en) * 2001-02-22 2003-05-15 Retterer John M. Internal wire supports for re-inforced vinyl extrusions
WO2003083232A1 (fr) * 2002-03-08 2003-10-09 Mara-Institut D.O.O. Structure de toit/plafond doublement precontrainte avec soffite plat a grille pour portees extremement grandes
US6763635B1 (en) * 1999-11-30 2004-07-20 Shook Mobile Technology, Lp Boom with mast assembly
US6832454B1 (en) * 1999-07-28 2004-12-21 South Dakota School Of Mines And Technology Beam filled with material, deck system and method
US20050072106A1 (en) * 2002-10-29 2005-04-07 Minoru Hiragaki Construct for buildings and a method for manufacturing the same
US20130133278A1 (en) * 2011-11-30 2013-05-30 Korea Institute Of Construction Technology Non-welding type concrete-filled steel tube column having slot and method for fabricating the same
US20160208510A1 (en) * 2014-06-18 2016-07-21 Power Composites, Llc Composite Structural Support Arm
US20170063068A1 (en) * 2015-08-27 2017-03-02 Austin Cary Bennett Resilient cross arm assembly
EP3296485A1 (fr) * 2016-09-16 2018-03-21 Peikko Group Oy Poutre d'acier
US10087106B2 (en) * 2014-09-17 2018-10-02 South China University Of Technology Method of constructing an axial compression steel tubular column
CN109252621A (zh) * 2018-11-22 2019-01-22 福泉市发隆钢构有限公司 一种高承重强度钢管混凝土柱
CN111535505A (zh) * 2020-04-28 2020-08-14 华南理工大学 一种新型的带弧形内钢管的空心钢管混凝土柱
US11718987B2 (en) * 2015-04-29 2023-08-08 Burak Dincel Building element

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2287968B (en) * 1994-03-25 1998-03-18 Mouchel Lg & Partners Ltd Reinforced structural member
ATE248265T1 (de) * 1997-04-30 2003-09-15 Nivo Ag Verbundbauteil zum im wesentlichen vertikalen stützen von bauelementen von gebäuden
JP6247951B2 (ja) * 2014-02-13 2017-12-13 東京鐵鋼株式会社 周方向プレストレス導入方法及び装置、並びに鉄筋コンクリート体

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US596217A (en) * 1897-12-28 John w
US1090171A (en) * 1913-01-27 1914-03-17 Frank J Schisler Reinforced tubular building unit.
US2198985A (en) * 1938-08-19 1940-04-30 Alonzo W Bailey Steel pile structure
US2258560A (en) * 1937-11-23 1941-10-07 Trunzer Erich Advertising pillar
US3158236A (en) * 1963-03-12 1964-11-24 Henry P Caligiuri Fire resistant studs
US3355852A (en) * 1963-11-12 1967-12-05 Fire Trol Corp Fireproof building column assemblies
US3550339A (en) * 1967-07-03 1970-12-29 Hideo Yanai Component member of constructions

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US596217A (en) * 1897-12-28 John w
US1090171A (en) * 1913-01-27 1914-03-17 Frank J Schisler Reinforced tubular building unit.
US2258560A (en) * 1937-11-23 1941-10-07 Trunzer Erich Advertising pillar
US2198985A (en) * 1938-08-19 1940-04-30 Alonzo W Bailey Steel pile structure
US3158236A (en) * 1963-03-12 1964-11-24 Henry P Caligiuri Fire resistant studs
US3355852A (en) * 1963-11-12 1967-12-05 Fire Trol Corp Fireproof building column assemblies
US3550339A (en) * 1967-07-03 1970-12-29 Hideo Yanai Component member of constructions

Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4071996A (en) * 1971-11-02 1978-02-07 Kajima Kensetsu Kabushiki Kaisha Process for reinforcing reinforced concrete post
US4398377A (en) * 1980-01-25 1983-08-16 Romig Jr Byron A Structural member with equalized internal tension
US4691488A (en) * 1981-08-11 1987-09-08 Oy Wartsila Ab Method for producing a concrete-filled steel body for suppressing vibrations
US5263297A (en) * 1989-11-02 1993-11-23 Kim Joong S Structural member with a metal shell
US5457929A (en) * 1989-11-02 1995-10-17 Kim; Joong S. Structural member with a metal shell
US5533309A (en) * 1994-01-03 1996-07-09 Rivin; Evgeny I. Method and means for enhancement of beam stiffness
WO1999005380A2 (fr) * 1997-07-21 1999-02-04 Joong Shik Kim Element structurel a coques metalliques renforcees par des plaques de renfort
WO1999005380A3 (fr) * 1997-07-21 2000-02-10 Joong Shik Kim Element structurel a coques metalliques renforcees par des plaques de renfort
US6832454B1 (en) * 1999-07-28 2004-12-21 South Dakota School Of Mines And Technology Beam filled with material, deck system and method
US20050100135A1 (en) * 1999-11-30 2005-05-12 Shook Mobile Technology, Lp Boom with mast assembly
US20070172032A1 (en) * 1999-11-30 2007-07-26 Shook Mobile Technology, L.P. Boom with mast assembly
US6763635B1 (en) * 1999-11-30 2004-07-20 Shook Mobile Technology, Lp Boom with mast assembly
US7207713B2 (en) 1999-11-30 2007-04-24 Shook Mobile Technology, L.P. Boom with mast assembly
US20030089056A1 (en) * 2001-02-22 2003-05-15 Retterer John M. Internal wire supports for re-inforced vinyl extrusions
US20050039411A1 (en) * 2002-03-08 2005-02-24 Milovan Skendzic Doubly prestressed roof-ceiling construction wiht grid flat-soffit for extremely large spans
WO2003083232A1 (fr) * 2002-03-08 2003-10-09 Mara-Institut D.O.O. Structure de toit/plafond doublement precontrainte avec soffite plat a grille pour portees extremement grandes
US7421825B2 (en) 2002-03-08 2008-09-09 Mara-Institut D.O.O. Doubly prestressed roof-ceiling construction with grid flat-soffit for extremely large spans
HRP20020208B1 (en) * 2002-03-08 2011-02-28 Mara-Institut D.O.O. Doubly prestressed roof-ceiling construction with grid flat soffit for extremely large spans
US20050072106A1 (en) * 2002-10-29 2005-04-07 Minoru Hiragaki Construct for buildings and a method for manufacturing the same
US6957519B2 (en) * 2002-10-29 2005-10-25 Minoru Hiragaki Construct for buildings and a method for manufacturing the same
US20130133278A1 (en) * 2011-11-30 2013-05-30 Korea Institute Of Construction Technology Non-welding type concrete-filled steel tube column having slot and method for fabricating the same
US20170096831A1 (en) * 2014-06-18 2017-04-06 Power Composites, Llc Composite Structural Support Arm
US9546498B2 (en) * 2014-06-18 2017-01-17 Power Composites, Llc Composite structural support arm
US20160208510A1 (en) * 2014-06-18 2016-07-21 Power Composites, Llc Composite Structural Support Arm
US9790704B2 (en) * 2014-06-18 2017-10-17 Power Composites, Llc Composite structural support arm
US10087106B2 (en) * 2014-09-17 2018-10-02 South China University Of Technology Method of constructing an axial compression steel tubular column
US11718987B2 (en) * 2015-04-29 2023-08-08 Burak Dincel Building element
US20170063068A1 (en) * 2015-08-27 2017-03-02 Austin Cary Bennett Resilient cross arm assembly
US9784408B2 (en) * 2015-08-27 2017-10-10 Austin Cary Bennett Resilient cross arm assembly
EP3296485A1 (fr) * 2016-09-16 2018-03-21 Peikko Group Oy Poutre d'acier
US9945123B2 (en) 2016-09-16 2018-04-17 Peikko Group Oy Steel beam
CN109252621A (zh) * 2018-11-22 2019-01-22 福泉市发隆钢构有限公司 一种高承重强度钢管混凝土柱
CN111535505A (zh) * 2020-04-28 2020-08-14 华南理工大学 一种新型的带弧形内钢管的空心钢管混凝土柱
CN111535505B (zh) * 2020-04-28 2022-02-15 华南理工大学 一种带弧形内钢管的空心钢管混凝土柱

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5066519A (fr) 1975-06-04
IT1019490B (it) 1977-11-10
CA1021174A (en) 1977-11-22
GB1481053A (en) 1977-07-27
DE2447111A1 (de) 1975-04-10
FR2246710B3 (fr) 1977-07-15
FR2246710A1 (fr) 1975-05-02

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