US3856360A - Aluminum base alloy die casting wheel - Google Patents

Aluminum base alloy die casting wheel Download PDF

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Publication number
US3856360A
US3856360A US00337002A US33700273A US3856360A US 3856360 A US3856360 A US 3856360A US 00337002 A US00337002 A US 00337002A US 33700273 A US33700273 A US 33700273A US 3856360 A US3856360 A US 3856360A
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maximum
alloy
die
aluminum
aluminum base
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US00337002A
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R Lindberg
G Armstrong
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US REDUCTION ACQUISTION CORP A CORP OF DE
US Reduction Co Inc
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US Reduction Co Inc
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Assigned to U.S. REDUCTION ACQUISTION CORP., A CORP. OF DE. reassignment U.S. REDUCTION ACQUISTION CORP., A CORP. OF DE. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: PRIMERICA CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE., 2025 CORPORATION, A CORP. OF DE.
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B1/00Spoked wheels; Spokes thereof
    • B60B1/06Wheels with compression spokes
    • B60B1/08Wheels with compression spokes formed by casting
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20576Elements
    • Y10T74/20732Handles
    • Y10T74/20834Hand wheels

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT An aluminum base alloy and an automobile wheel diecast therefrom, the alloy Consisting essentially of aluminum and by weight percentage of the total composition, magnesium 0.25 to 0.6%, copper 0.25 to 0.6%,
  • This invention rela tes to an aluminum base alloy having high strength, excellent die-casting characteristics, excellent machinabilityv and superior mechanical properties. It is especially useful for the die casting of automobile wheels, although its application is not so limited.
  • aluminum base alloys had to be die-castable, corrosion'resistant, readily machinable and of a higher strength than those aluminum base alloys previously available and at a-lower cost than other available alloys having comparable properties.
  • an aluminum base die-casting alloy having substantially improved mechanical properties is provided. lts cost is substantially lower than the cost of the 364 alloy previously used for similar purposes, and indeed scrap aluminum and other secondary aluminum available for secondary reformulation, rather than primary aluminum, may be used to compound the alloy of this invention. As such, the alloy ofthis invention provides the commercial potential, for
  • the composition 'of this invention which maximizes the characteristics and properties of die-cast products. such as automobile wheels, while minimizing the costs attendant the manufacture anduse of the alloy composition, consists essentially of aluminum. and by weight of the final alloy, 0.25 to 0.6% magnesium. 0.25 to 0.6% copper, 0.5 to l.5% iron, ll to. 13.5% silicon, 0.25 to 0.4% chromium, a maximum of 3% zinc, a maximum of 0.5% manganese, and a maximum of 0.2% each of titanium, nickel, tin and lead.
  • Die-cast products such as automobile wheels cast of this alloy have an overall combination of impact strength, fatigue strength, tensile strength, yield strength and ductility characteristics which is superior to those of other aluminum base die-casting compositions of which we are aware, including those characteristics available in products die-cast from 364 alloy. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance and machinability of wheels die-cast of this alloy-are quite excellent andthe die-casting characteristics are as good as any aluminum alloy available for the high stress applications for which the alloy of this invention is useful.
  • an especially useful preferred range of ingredients is a composition consisting essentiallyof aluminum, and by weight of the final composition 0.25
  • magnesium 0.25 to 0.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.8% iron, 1 l to 12% silicon, 0.3 to 0.4% chromium, a maximum of 1% zinc, a maximum of 0.35% manganese, a maximum of 0.05% of each of titanium and nickel, and a maximum of 0.1% of each of tin and lead.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate typical automobile wheels which have been die-cast with aluminum base alloys.
  • Die-cast automobile wheels have been made from aluminum base alloys of this invention, as well as from a commercially available 364 alloy. Several such' wheels have been analyzed to determine their final composition. Further, those wheels have been tested for yield strength, tensile strength and ductility.
  • Spoke wheels 10 die-cast generally in the configuration of- FIG. 1 were analyzed and were found to have the following compositions (the remainder being alu- A Alloy the f1rst time, for the subst1tut1on of alummum base minum):
  • the die-casting aluminum base alloy of thisinvention comprises aluminum, and
  • Test bars were cut from those wheels and flange 12 test bars, spider 14 test bars, and rim 16 test bars were tested for yield strength, for tensile strength, and for percent elongation with. the following results:
  • FIG. 2 A di l in t bil h l havi a yield Strength tensile Strength j P eloPgatlonflange, spiders and a rim, said wheel consisting essen- Tesi bars Cut m l 22, 24 and splders 4 tially of aluminum and by weight percentage of the f l y?
  • B fzlllmg Wlthm the Preferred range offing total composition, magnesium 0.25 to 0.4%, copper invention identified above and from a commercially 025 to iron 14 03% im 1 to 12% h avallable 3 alloy had the followmg Properties: 15 mium 0.3 to 0.4%, a maximum of 1% zinc, a maximum Flange Spider Rim B y 364 B 364 B 364 Yield Strength 22.000 16,800 23300 17.400 23,400 l9.l00

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

An aluminum base alloy and an automobile wheel diecast therefrom, the alloy consisting essentially of aluminum and by weight percentage of the total composition, magnesium 0.25 to 0.6%, copper 0.25 to 0.6%, iron 0.5 to 1.5%, silicon 11 to 13.5%, chromium 0.25 to 0.4%, a maximum of 3% zinc, a maximum of 0.5% manganese and a maximum of 0.2% of each of titanium, nickel, tin and lead.

Description

ihtited States Patent I 11 1 Lindberg et a1.
1111 3,856,360 Dec. 24, 1974 ALUMINUM BASE ALLOY DIE CASTING WHEEL [75] Inventors: Richard S. Lindberg, Homewood;
G. Leslie Armstrong, Crete, both of [7'3] Assignee: U.S. Reduction C0., East Chicago,
Ind.
[22] Filed: Mar. 1, 1973 21 Appl. No.: 337,002
Related US. Application Data [62] Division of Ser. No. 85,372, Oct. 30,1970, Pat. No.
52 us. 01 301/65, 75/142 51 Int. l B 60b l/081,C22c 21/02 158 Field of Search 75/140, 141,142, 14s, 1
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Blackmun 75/148 3,128,176 '4/1964 Martin ..75/148 3,199,979v 8/1965 Martin 75/142 Primary Examiner R. Dean Attorney, Agent. or Firm-Dressler, Goldsmith. Clement & Gordon, Ltd.
57 ABSTRACT An aluminum base alloy and an automobile wheel diecast therefrom, the alloy Consisting essentially of aluminum and by weight percentage of the total composition, magnesium 0.25 to 0.6%, copper 0.25 to 0.6%,
iron 0.5 to 1.5%, silicon 11 to 13.5%, chromium 0.25
' to 0.4%, a maximum of 3% zinc, a maximum of 0.5%
manganese and a maximum of 0.2% of each of titanium, nickel, tin and lead.
2 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures 1 ALUMINUM BASE ALLOY DIE CASTING WHEEL.
This is a division of application Ser. No. 85,372, filed Oct. 30, l970, now US. Pat. No. 3,726,672. 5
This inventionrela tes to an aluminum base alloy having high strength, excellent die-casting characteristics, excellent machinabilityv and superior mechanical properties. It is especially useful for the die casting of automobile wheels, although its application is not so limited.
With the advent ofa keen interest in the use of lightweight aluminum base alloys for articles which must stand the abuse and stresses heretofore reserved for ferrous metals and alloys, it became important to develop improved aluminum base alloys for such products. However, to be maximally useful for automobile wheels and other such products, aluminum base alloys had to be die-castable, corrosion'resistant, readily machinable and of a higher strength than those aluminum base alloys previously available and at a-lower cost than other available alloys having comparable properties.
Although aluminum base die-cast alloys have been on the market for many years where lightweight, accuratedimensioning and the like was important, generally those alloys were not suitable for use in applications where substantial abuse and high stresses were-encountered.
- The only alloy which met with limited successin, and
which has properties generally suitable for high stress applications, such as in die-cast automobile wheels, is one known to the trade as 364 alloy. This is made generally in accordance with Blackmun US. Pat. No. 2,823,995. Although that alloy improved upon prior art alloys in certain respects, the properties of that alloy were not as good as was'desirable. Furthermore, the cost of that alloy was too high 'for general use. Consequently, insofar as aluminum base alloy die cast automobile wheels were concerned, that alloy was used only for highcost specialty wheels.
in accordance with this invention an aluminum base die-casting alloy having substantially improved mechanical properties is provided. lts cost is substantially lower than the cost of the 364 alloy previously used for similar purposes, and indeed scrap aluminum and other secondary aluminum available for secondary reformulation, rather than primary aluminum, may be used to compound the alloy of this invention. As such, the alloy ofthis invention provides the commercial potential, for
by weight'of the final alloy, 0.25 to 0.6% magnesium; 0.25 to 06% copper; 0.5 to l.5% iron; ll to l3.5% silicon; and 0.25 to 0.4% chromium. The high silicon content and the copper content substantially contribute, we believe, in combination with the other ingredients to the superior physical properties of this alloy.
The composition 'of this invention which maximizes the characteristics and properties of die-cast products. such as automobile wheels, while minimizing the costs attendant the manufacture anduse of the alloy composition, consists essentially of aluminum. and by weight of the final alloy, 0.25 to 0.6% magnesium. 0.25 to 0.6% copper, 0.5 to l.5% iron, ll to. 13.5% silicon, 0.25 to 0.4% chromium, a maximum of 3% zinc, a maximum of 0.5% manganese, and a maximum of 0.2% each of titanium, nickel, tin and lead. Die-cast products such as automobile wheels cast of this alloy have an overall combination of impact strength, fatigue strength, tensile strength, yield strength and ductility characteristics which is superior to those of other aluminum base die-casting compositions of which we are aware, including those characteristics available in products die-cast from 364 alloy. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance and machinability of wheels die-cast of this alloy-are quite excellent andthe die-casting characteristics are as good as any aluminum alloy available for the high stress applications for which the alloy of this invention is useful.
Although the advantages of this invention may beobtained within the aforementioned ranges, we have deter'mined that an especially useful preferred range of ingredients is a composition consisting essentiallyof aluminum, and by weight of the final composition 0.25
to 0.4% magnesium, 0.25 to 0.5% copper, 0.4 to 0.8% iron, 1 l to 12% silicon, 0.3 to 0.4% chromium, a maximum of 1% zinc, a maximum of 0.35% manganese, a maximum of 0.05% of each of titanium and nickel, and a maximum of 0.1% of each of tin and lead.
FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate typical automobile wheels which have been die-cast with aluminum base alloys.
Die-cast automobile wheels have been made from aluminum base alloys of this invention, as well as from a commercially available 364 alloy. Several such' wheels have been analyzed to determine their final composition. Further, those wheels have been tested for yield strength, tensile strength and ductility.
Spoke wheels 10 die-cast generally in the configuration of- FIG. 1 were analyzed and were found to have the following compositions (the remainder being alu- A Alloy the f1rst time, for the subst1tut1on of alummum base minum):
Mg Cu Fe Zn Si Mn Ti Ni Cr Sn Pb Be 364 Alloy .25 .07 .6I .04 8.63 .01 .01 .01 .39 .02 .01 .0053
alloy automobile wheels for steel wheels on a much larger scale.
As its essential ingredients, the die-casting aluminum base alloy of thisinvention comprises aluminum, and
Test bars were cut from those wheels and flange 12 test bars, spider 14 test bars, and rim 16 test bars were tested for yield strength, for tensile strength, and for percent elongation with. the following results:
Offset equals 0.2 percent In these characteristics wheels die-cast from an alloy A of this invention were essentially equal to or substantially better than those die-cast from 364 alloy,. and at a substantially lesser overall cost. The machinability,
What is claimed is: l. A die-cast aluminum automobile wheel having a flange, spiders and a rim, said wheel consisting essentially of aluminum, and by weight percentage of the the die-casting characteristics and the corrosion resis- 5 total composition, magnesium 0.25 to 0.6%. copper. tance of the alloy A of this invention also were all at 0.25 to 0.6%, iron 0.5 to 1.5%, silicon 11 to l3.5%, least as good as, and in some instances substantially chromium 0.25 to 0.4%,amaximum of 3% zinc,amaxbetter than those of the 364 alloy. imum of 0.5% manganese and a maximum of 0.2% of Deep dish wheels 20 die-cast generally in the configeach of titanium, nickel, tin and lead. uration illustrated in FIG. 2 were also tested for their 2; A di l in t bil h l havi a yield Strength tensile Strength j P eloPgatlonflange, spiders and a rim, said wheel consisting essen- Tesi bars Cut m l 22, 24 and splders 4 tially of aluminum and by weight percentage of the f l y? B fzlllmg Wlthm the Preferred range offing total composition, magnesium 0.25 to 0.4%, copper invention identified above and from a commercially 025 to iron 14 03% im 1 to 12% h avallable 3 alloy had the followmg Properties: 15 mium 0.3 to 0.4%, a maximum of 1% zinc, a maximum Flange Spider Rim B y 364 B 364 B 364 Yield Strength 22.000 16,800 23300 17.400 23,400 l9.l00
(psil 18.300 l7.900 19,700 Tensile Strength 23.800 20,700 29,500 24,700 25.400 20.000
(psi) 25.000 27,700 2 24.600 9i Elongation 2 2 /1 3 3% 3 2 Offset equals 0.2 percent These last testsfr'om three die-cast wheels, two cast of 0.35% manganese, a maximum of 0.05% of each of from alloys B of this invention and one cast from 364 titanium and nickel anda maximum of 0.1% of each of alloy even more graphically illustrate the substantially tin and lead. improved characteristics and properties of the alloys of. this invention as compared with those of the 364 alloy. =i

Claims (2)

1. A DIE-CAST ALUMINUM AUTOMOBILE WHEEL HAVING A FLANGE; SPIDERS AND A RIM, SAID WHEEL CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ALUMINUM, AND BY WEIGHT PERCENTAGE OF THE TOTAL COMPOSITION, MAGNESIUM 0.25 TO 0.6%, COPPER 0.25 TO 0.6%, IRON 0.5 TO 1.5%, SILICON 11 TO 13.5%, CHROMIUM 0.25 TO 0.4%, A MAXIMUM OF 3% ZINC, A MAXIMUM OF 0.5% MANGANESE AND A MAXIMUM OF 0.2% OF EACH OF TITANIUM, NICKEL, TIN AND LEAD.
2. A die-cast aluminum automobile wheel having a flange, spiders and a rim, said wheel consisting essentially of aluminum and by weight percentage of the total composition, magnesium 0.25 to 0.4%, copper 0.25 to 0.5%, iron 0.4 to 0.8%, silicon 11 to 12%, chromium 0.3 to 0.4%, a maximum of 1% zinc, a maximum of 0.35% manganese, a maximum of 0.05% of each of titanium and nickel and a maximum of 0.1% of each of tin and lead.
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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2364158A1 (en) * 1976-09-10 1978-04-07 Kreidler Werke Gmbh SINGLE TRACK TWO WHEEL VEHICLE
EP0301472A1 (en) * 1987-07-28 1989-02-01 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Production process for cast light-metal components, especially cast light-metal wheels for motor vehicles
US4889244A (en) * 1988-08-18 1989-12-26 Alpha Enterprises, Inc. Storage container for audio cassette tape boxes and digital audio compact disc boxes
US5085097A (en) * 1987-08-31 1992-02-04 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. Steering wheel core
US5204043A (en) * 1990-01-13 1993-04-20 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing steering wheel
US5243877A (en) * 1992-03-30 1993-09-14 Ryusaku Numata Steering wheel rim
US5527101A (en) * 1988-07-31 1996-06-18 Asahi Katantetsu Kabushiki Kaisha Casting device, method for using the device, casting device of vehicle wheel, method for using the device, and vehicle wheel
US5573606A (en) * 1995-02-16 1996-11-12 Gibbs Die Casting Aluminum Corporation Aluminum alloy and method for making die cast products
US6315367B1 (en) * 1997-12-30 2001-11-13 Hayes Lemmerz International, Inc. Light weight cast wheel and apparatus for casting same
US6325462B1 (en) * 1997-12-11 2001-12-04 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Ag Motor vehicle wheel having hollow spokes
US6471303B1 (en) * 1999-06-11 2002-10-29 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Ag Wheel for a motor vehicle and method of making same
US20040238371A1 (en) * 2001-10-11 2004-12-02 Wolf-Dieter Franz Coated method for light metal alloys
FR2887182A1 (en) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-22 Salomon Sa Spoke for spoke wheel e.g. rear wheel, has heads provided at ends of tapered body and is made of aluminum alloy with modulus of elasticity greater than preset value and additive components soluble at liquid state in aluminum
CN100451148C (en) * 2005-03-07 2009-01-14 东北轻合金有限责任公司 Hub alloy made of aluminium alloy and its making method
CN104718303A (en) * 2012-10-17 2015-06-17 本田技研工业株式会社 Vehicular aluminum alloy and vehicular component
US10113218B2 (en) * 2014-03-31 2018-10-30 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Cast Al—Si—Mg-based aluminum alloy having excellent specific rigidity, strength and ductility, and cast member and automobile road wheel made thereof
US20190185967A1 (en) * 2017-12-18 2019-06-20 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Cast aluminum alloy for transmission clutch
CN111455233A (en) * 2020-05-27 2020-07-28 东莞市青鸟金属材料有限公司 High-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof
CN114672703A (en) * 2022-04-05 2022-06-28 滁州新佳诚模具制造有限公司 Processing technology of corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy foaming die casting
WO2022134275A1 (en) * 2020-12-24 2022-06-30 比亚迪股份有限公司 Aluminum alloy and aluminum alloy structural member

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2823995A (en) * 1958-02-18 Aluminum base alloy die casting
US3128176A (en) * 1961-06-14 1964-04-07 Martin Wayne Aluminum silicon casting alloys
US3199979A (en) * 1961-10-27 1965-08-10 William F Jobbins Inc Aluminum base casting alloys and method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2823995A (en) * 1958-02-18 Aluminum base alloy die casting
US3128176A (en) * 1961-06-14 1964-04-07 Martin Wayne Aluminum silicon casting alloys
US3199979A (en) * 1961-10-27 1965-08-10 William F Jobbins Inc Aluminum base casting alloys and method

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2364158A1 (en) * 1976-09-10 1978-04-07 Kreidler Werke Gmbh SINGLE TRACK TWO WHEEL VEHICLE
EP0301472A1 (en) * 1987-07-28 1989-02-01 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Patentabteilung AJ-3 Production process for cast light-metal components, especially cast light-metal wheels for motor vehicles
US4995917A (en) * 1987-07-28 1991-02-26 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Manufacturing process for die-cast light-metal wheels of passenger cars
WO1993014234A1 (en) * 1987-07-28 1993-07-22 Amer Dagustany Process for manufacturing light alloy cast wheels
US5085097A (en) * 1987-08-31 1992-02-04 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. Steering wheel core
US5527101A (en) * 1988-07-31 1996-06-18 Asahi Katantetsu Kabushiki Kaisha Casting device, method for using the device, casting device of vehicle wheel, method for using the device, and vehicle wheel
US4889244A (en) * 1988-08-18 1989-12-26 Alpha Enterprises, Inc. Storage container for audio cassette tape boxes and digital audio compact disc boxes
US5204043A (en) * 1990-01-13 1993-04-20 Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing steering wheel
US5243877A (en) * 1992-03-30 1993-09-14 Ryusaku Numata Steering wheel rim
US5573606A (en) * 1995-02-16 1996-11-12 Gibbs Die Casting Aluminum Corporation Aluminum alloy and method for making die cast products
US6325462B1 (en) * 1997-12-11 2001-12-04 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Ag Motor vehicle wheel having hollow spokes
US6315367B1 (en) * 1997-12-30 2001-11-13 Hayes Lemmerz International, Inc. Light weight cast wheel and apparatus for casting same
US6471303B1 (en) * 1999-06-11 2002-10-29 Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Ag Wheel for a motor vehicle and method of making same
US20040238371A1 (en) * 2001-10-11 2004-12-02 Wolf-Dieter Franz Coated method for light metal alloys
CN100451148C (en) * 2005-03-07 2009-01-14 东北轻合金有限责任公司 Hub alloy made of aluminium alloy and its making method
FR2887182A1 (en) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-22 Salomon Sa Spoke for spoke wheel e.g. rear wheel, has heads provided at ends of tapered body and is made of aluminum alloy with modulus of elasticity greater than preset value and additive components soluble at liquid state in aluminum
CN104718303A (en) * 2012-10-17 2015-06-17 本田技研工业株式会社 Vehicular aluminum alloy and vehicular component
US10113218B2 (en) * 2014-03-31 2018-10-30 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Cast Al—Si—Mg-based aluminum alloy having excellent specific rigidity, strength and ductility, and cast member and automobile road wheel made thereof
US20190185967A1 (en) * 2017-12-18 2019-06-20 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Cast aluminum alloy for transmission clutch
CN109930037A (en) * 2017-12-18 2019-06-25 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 Cast aluminium alloy gold for speed-changer clutch casing
CN111455233A (en) * 2020-05-27 2020-07-28 东莞市青鸟金属材料有限公司 High-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof
CN111455233B (en) * 2020-05-27 2021-11-26 东莞市青鸟金属材料有限公司 High-thermal-conductivity aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof
WO2022134275A1 (en) * 2020-12-24 2022-06-30 比亚迪股份有限公司 Aluminum alloy and aluminum alloy structural member
CN114672703A (en) * 2022-04-05 2022-06-28 滁州新佳诚模具制造有限公司 Processing technology of corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy foaming die casting

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