US3854953A - Direct positive-type multi-layer light-sensitive material - Google Patents

Direct positive-type multi-layer light-sensitive material Download PDF

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US3854953A
US3854953A US00246074A US24607472A US3854953A US 3854953 A US3854953 A US 3854953A US 00246074 A US00246074 A US 00246074A US 24607472 A US24607472 A US 24607472A US 3854953 A US3854953 A US 3854953A
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emulsion
silver halide
direct positive
layer
sensitive silver
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K Shiba
A Sato
H Amano
H Ueda
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Fujifilm Holdings Corp
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Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/485—Direct positive emulsions
    • G03C1/48515—Direct positive emulsions prefogged
    • G03C1/48523—Direct positive emulsions prefogged characterised by the desensitiser

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  • a direct positive type photographic material having a high information packing capacity which is in particular, a multi-layer direct positive-type light-sensitive material comprising, on a suitable support member, at least two emulsion layers with the emulsion layers being selected from (A) a chemically fogged direct positive-type emulsion in which at least one of a halogen acceptor and an electron acceptor is adsorbed on the silver halide grains having free electron trapping nuclei in the grains, (B) a chemically fogged direct positive-type emulsion in which at least an electron acceptor is adsorbedon the silver halide grains substantially free from positive hole trapping nuclei in the grains, and (C) a chemically fogged direct positivetype emulsion in which at least a halogen acceptor is adsorbed on the silver halide' grains having free electron trapping nuclei in the grains but substantially free from
  • This invention relates to a direct positive-type multilayer light-sensitive material having at least two layers of silver halide emulsions, in a particular combination, in which an electron acceptor and/or a halogen acceptor is absorbed or chemically fogged silver halide grains with the layers being selectively and directly-reversal sensitized to a particular wavelength range. More particularly, it is concerned with a direct positive-type multi-layer color light-sensitive material.
  • a reversal developing system which comprises ordinarily a first development, a water washing, a bleaching, a water washing, a cleaning bath, a water washing, an exposure or fogging bath, a second development, a fixing and a water washing.
  • Color reversal development processing comprises a first black-and-white development, a stopping, a hardening bath, a water washing, an exposure or fogging bath, a water washing, a color developing bath, a water washing, a bleaching, a water washing, a
  • electron rays, x-rays, ultraviolet rays, blue light, green light, yellow light, red light and near infrared rays can be classified by wavelengths and recorded and the recording density can be raised by vary ing the color hue (the spectral adsorption characteristic) of the recorded image, for example, by the use of a yellow image, a magenta image, a red image, a cyan image and a blue image.
  • the direct positive-type silver halide photographic material designed for a specific use is able to give a positive image directly from an object by subjecting such a material to the usual color paper; processing,
  • a first object of the invention is to obtain a direct positive-type light-sensitive material having a high information recording capacity, in particulana multilayer direct positive type light-sensitive material comprising at least two layers.
  • a second object of the invention is to obtain a multilayer, direct positive-type light-sensitive material by which a positive image from a positive object or a negative image from a negative object can be obtained economically and in a short period of time through the use of only the ordinary series of negative developing processings.
  • a third object of the invention is to obtain a multilayer, direct positive-type photographic material whose information recording capacity is raised by varying the sensitized wavelength region of each silver halide photographic emulsion layer.
  • a fourth object of the invention is to obtain a direct positive-type color photographic material whose information recording capacity is raised in place of the color hue (the spectral adsorption characteristic) of a directly obtained positive image.
  • a fifth object of the invention is to obtain a direct positive-type silver halide photographic material whose exposure latitude is enlarged by use of a composition of at least two layers and whose information recording capacity is raised with a change in the quantity of exposure. Further objects of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description.
  • a direct positive-type multi-layer light-sensitive material comprising, on a suitable support, at least two emulsion layers selected from the group consisting of (A) a chemically foggeddirect positive-type emulsion in which at least one of a halogen acceptor and an electron acceptor is adsorbed on silver halide grains having free electron trapping nuclei inside the grains, (B) a chemicallyfogged direct positive-type emulsion in which at least a halogen acceptor is adsorbed on silver halide grains which are substantially free from positive hole trapping nuclei inside the grains, and (C) a chemically fogged direct positive-type emulsion in which at least an electron acceptor is adsorbed on silver halide grains having free electron trapping nuclei inside the grains but substantially free from positive hole trapping nuclei inside the grains, said emulsion layers being composed of the same type of emulsion layer or a different type of
  • the multi-layer, direct positive-type light-sensitive material according to the invention is capable of giving a positive image rapidly, simply and directly utilizing the commonly used negative developing process for black-and-white or color photography.
  • FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 and FIG. 19 to FIG. 25 show, for comparison, the characteristic curves obtained from various light-sensitive materials according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 to FIG. 7 show schematically the layer structure of direct positive-type silver halide photographic emulsions according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 to FIG. 18 show spectrograms of films on which complete emulsions of the invention are coated.
  • the multi-layer, direct positive-type light-sensitive material comprising at least two layers provided by the present invention is applicable to miscellaneous uses such as: reproduction of an original consisting of points, lines or patterns of at least two colors; recording or reproduction of an image-consisting of at least two colors on a cathode-ray tube; formation of a contour image from a predetermined object, enlargement or duplication of a color photograph from a color transparent positive or negative photograph using one conventional color development prosess; and duplication of a radiograph.
  • each direct positive emulsion (which will hereinafter be defined) is confined
  • a multi-emulsion layer is composed of same type emulsions only.
  • An intermediate layer suitable for the invention is provided. Tothis intermediate layer are added a fine grain silver halide emulsion in an amount. sufficient to prevent diffusion of an electron acceptor or a halogen acceptor, adsorbents, charged hydrophilic high molecular weight materials and surface active agents (including couplers). With a color photographic materials, in particular, a fine grain light-sensitive silver halide emulsion, at surface active agent and a color coupler are added to provide an auto-masking mechanism, thus preventing color mixing. 7
  • a simultaneous multi-layer coating method is used. Between the emulsions which are coated simultaneously, there is relatively little undesirable interaction due to the mutual diffusion'of an electron acceptor or a halogen acceptor.
  • Emulsion A A chemically fogged silver halide photographic emulsion having free electron trapping nuclei inside the silver halide grains:
  • This direct positive emulsion has nuclei capable of trapping free electrons inside the silver halide grains and the surface of the grains is chemically fogged.
  • Emulsion A a number of techniques can be used for improving the intensification, i.e. raising the reversal sensitivity or for lowering the minimum density, i.e. improving the clearance.
  • electron trapping nuclei can be provided inside of the silver halide so as to prevent recombining of the positive holes and free electrons generated in the silver halide by radiation with photons.
  • a second technique is to provide fog nuclei which are chemically attacked by the positive holes-thus losing readilythe developing activity of the surface layer of the silver halide.
  • a third technique is to adsorb an electron acceptor capable of trapping any free electrons generated on the silver halide.
  • the adsorbed electron acceptor will not trap positive holes.
  • Emulsion A is an emulsion which gives a positive image directly.
  • This emulsion can be spectrally sensitized by adsorbing a halogen acceptor or sensitizing dye thereon.
  • the halogen acceptor produces free electrons on the silver halide due to light excitation on radiation and, at the same time, produces positive holes on the surface of the silver halide. If the free electrons are trapped by free electron trapping nuclei inside the silver halide or trapped by the adsorbed electron acceptor and prevented from recombining with positive holes, the positive holes generated on the surface of silver halide attack the fog nuclei more readily and effectively making them development inactive.
  • a fourthtechnique is to maintain the silver halide grains at a suitable grain size so that the positive holes generated on the silver halide by radiation with photons are easily removed to the surface due to the effect of the surface electric field of the silver'halide grain and thereby attack fog nuclei.
  • the emulsion to which this technique can be applied has a high sensitivity and clearance. However, this unfortunately results in a gradation being hard and unsuitable for reproduction of details.
  • Emulsion A a silver chloride, silver bromide, silver iodide or a mixed silver halide thereof photographic emulsion is used. It is necessary to choose the halogen composition so that a chemical sensitizer or a group VIII metal salt used for providing free electron trapping nuclei may readily be incorporated in the silver halide.
  • a characteristic of Emulsion A is that it is capable per se of giving a positive image directly and not only sensitization of the intrinsic absorption region but also spectral sensitization are made possible by the addition of a halogen acceptor.
  • the clearance is improved and the formation of a negative image is prevented by adding an electron acceptor. Furthermore, the addition of bromide ion or iodide ion results in increasing the optical density on a nonexposed area, raising of the sensitivity and improvement of the clearance.
  • Emulsion B A chemically fogged silver halide emulsion substantially free from positive hole trapping nuclei inside the silver halide grains:
  • Emulsion B is a direct positive emulsion whose silver halide surface is chemically fogged and which is free from positive hole trapping nuclei and free electron trapping nuclei inside the silver halide.
  • This is a si1- ver halide emulsion consisting of a regular crystal which is as free from crystal defects as is possible and which is, preferably, a pure silver bromide, silver bromoiodide or silver chlorobromide free from twin surfaces. This emulsion per se gives no positive image 'directly.
  • Emulsion B When an electron acceptor or a desensitizing dye is absorbed on Emulsion B, however, a high sensitivity direct positive image is obtained, which is spectrally sensitized and, even in the intrinsic absorption region, a high sensitivity positive image is obtained.
  • an electron acceptor and a halogen acceptor are adsorbed on the silver halide grains of Emulsion B, the clearance deteriorates markedly and the sensitivity is reduced.
  • a halogen acceptor is quite suitable as a sensitizer for Emulsion A type but, for Emulsion B type, it has the disadvantages that the clearance deteriorates and the sensitization is reduced. This is noticed for the production of a direct positive photographic material consisting of at least two layers.
  • Emulsion C A chemically fogged silver halide emulsion such as a silver chloride, a silver bromide, silver chlorobromide, a silver bromoiodide or a silver chlorobromoiodide emulsion, having free electron trapping nuclei inside the grains but which is substantially free from positive hole trapping nuclei inside the grains:
  • Emulsion C has the features that it, per se, gives a direct positive image which is hard and has a high sensitivity and that it does not give a negative image even through exposure to more radiation, that is, the clearance is good.
  • a halogen acceptor and anele'ctron acceptor and, above-all, the halogen acceptor to be added to the emulsion used in the invention has such a weak adsorptive ability to silver halide grain that a larger amount has to be added than is used in the conventional negative emulsion.
  • the interlayer diffusion of an electron acceptor tends to become great and, in addition, the undesirable action of interlayer diffusion of a halogen acceptor becomes more marked in comparison with a negative emulsion. This effect is strengthened if a color coupler is present.
  • a halogen acceptor has the disadvantage that, particularly if Emulsion B is only slightly contaminated by it, the direct reversal sensitivity is lost.
  • the fog nuclei in the invention are provided by previously chemically fogging a silver halide emulsion, that is, by adding an inorganic reducing compound, such as stannous chloride or boron hydride, or an organic reducing compound, such as a hydrazine derivative, formalin, thiourea dioxide, a polyamino compound, aminoborane or methyldichlorosilane.
  • an inorganic reducing compound such as stannous chloride or boron hydride
  • an organic reducing compound such as a hydrazine derivative, formalin, thiourea dioxide, a polyamino compound, aminoborane or methyldichlorosilane.
  • the fogged nuclei of the invention whose keeping property is improved, tend to bedecomposed by positive holes. That is to say, the fogged nuclei are obtained using a fogging method which advantageously gives rise to high sensitization and good storage properties of a direct positive emulsion. For example,
  • the outer shell of the silver halide having light-sensitive nuclei obtained by chemical ripening is further coated with pure silver halide to convert them into internal nuclei, and a Group VIII metal salt or Group Ib salt is added during the step of forming a precipitate of the silver halide (e.g., see U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,401,051; 2,717,833; 2,976,149 and 3,023,102; British Pat. Nos. 707,704; 1,097,999 and 690,997; French Pat. Nos. 1,520,822; 1,520,824; 1,520,817 and 1,523,626; Japanese Pat. Publication Nos. 4125/1968 and 29405/1968, and Belgian Pat. Nos. 713,272; 721,567 and 681,768).
  • a Group VIII metal salt or Group Ib salt is added during the step of forming a precipitate of the silver halide
  • gelatins in particular, inert gelatins
  • inert gelatins are advantageously used as a protective colloid.
  • photographically inert gelatin derivatives and watersoluble synthetic polymers for example, polyvinyl acrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyvinyl alginate may be used.
  • the electron acceptor,'desensitizer or desensitizing dye used inthe invention is a material which is generated in the silver halide grain by radiationwith photons, which is capable of trapping free electrons and which is adsorptive on silver halide. It is further defined as a material having a minimum energy level of vacant electron which is lower than the electron energy level of the conduction band ofthe silver halide grain. Preferably, it is a desensitizing dye having a maximum energy level of occupied electrons, which is lower than the valency band of the silver halide grain. Measurement of the values of these energy levels is complicated, but is possible.
  • the electron acceptor used in the invention is a desensitizing dye whose cathodic polarographic half-wave potential (Ered) is more positive than l.0'volt.
  • the halogen acceptor or sensitizing dye used in the invention is a material capable of producing free electrons in the-silver halide grain while absorbing light itself while in the state of being adsorbed on silver halide photographic emulsion grains and, more importantly, is a material capable of producing positive holes having an energy sufficient to oxidize fog nuclei on the surfaces of the silver halide grains.
  • the halogen acceptor cannot be defined absolutely in terms of its electron energy level, that is, by comparison of the energy levels.
  • sensitizing dyes can act as a halogen acceptor in the state of M-band type adsorption either by themselves or with a suitable supersensitizer. That is to say, the halogen acceptor may be defined as a sensitizing dye of the M-band type.
  • the halogen acceptor used in the invention is preferably a sensitizing dye whose cathodic polarographic half-wave potential is more negative than -0.7 volt and difference between the cathodic polarographic halfwave potential and the anodic polarographic half-wave potential is greater than 1.5 volts.
  • a sensitizing dye whose cathodic polarographic half-wave potential is more negative than -0.7 volt and difference between the cathodic polarographic halfwave potential and the anodic polarographic half-wave potential is greater than 1.5 volts.
  • Such a compound is, for example, selected from dyes described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,497,876 and 3,364,026, French Pat. Nos. 1,520,822 and 2,012,545, British Pat. No. 655,009 and German Pat. No. 1,190,331.
  • the value of the cathodic .polarographic half-wave potential is the value in volts of the potential at which the compound accepts an electron at the cathode. As used in this invention, it is determined using tetra-n-propylammonium perchlorate as a support electrolyte, a dropping mercury electrode at 25C in a solution of acetonitrile with a saturated calomel electrode as a reference electrode, and further it is measured in a solution of acetonitrile at a concentration of from 1 X 10" mol to l X 10' mol.
  • the value of the anodic polarographic half-wave potential is the value in volts of the potential at which an electron is withdrawn from the compound at the anode. As in the case of Ered, it is measured using a rotary platinum electrode as the. anode and sodium perchlorate as a support electrolyte according to the methoddescribed in German Pat. No. 2,010,762.
  • the amount added of the electron acceptor or the halogen acceptor used'in-the invention may be varied depending on the amount of silver halide in an emulsion, the size of the surface area of the silver halide and the object of the elements use.
  • the halogen acceptor is used in a greater amount than is used than in the conventional negative type emulsion, because there is no desensitizing action due to a sensitizing dye occurring in the negative emulsion.
  • the above described amount to be added may preferably-range from about 1 X 10 plication 8231/1970, Japanese Pat. Publication Nos.
  • the intermediate layer used in the invention must have different characteristics from those commonly used in a negative-type multi-layer light-sensitive material. That'is to say, on the characteristics of the intermediate layer, efforts have to be made to prevent diffusion of the electron acceptor or halogen acceptor. Fine grain silver halide or silica, for example, a grain size less than about 0.2 microns, is contained therein in an amount sufficient to prevent diffusion for example, less than g/ g of dry gelatin. in the case of a negative emulsion type multi-layer light-sensitive material, provision of such an intermediate layer desensitizes an adjacent layer.
  • the intermediate layer is provided in a direct positive type multi-layer light-sensitive material, on the other hand, the sensitivity of silver halide grain in the intermediate layer is lowered due to the adsorption of the electron acceptor and an adjacent layer is not desensitized in spite of the fact that a larger amount is used than in the case of the negative type.
  • a high molecular weight anionic organic compound or anionic surface active agent such as sodium naphthalenesulfonate described in Japanese Pat. Publication 23309/ 1965 and 23310/1965 is added in an amount sufficient to prevent diffusion of the halogen acceptor or electron acceptor by static reaction or solubilization, for example, from about 5 to 50 g per 100 g of gelatin.
  • a fine grain light-sensitive silver halide having a suitable negative sensitivity and suitable for prevention of the diffusion thereof may be mixed with a suitable amount of a color coupler to thus give an automatic masking mechanism in a direct positive-type multilayer light-sensitive material.
  • a cationic hydrophilic polymer can prevent diffusion of the electron acceptor or halogen acceptor having acidic groups. Further this may previously be dyed so that it will function additionall as a li ht filter la er, an 10 irradiation prevention layer aiid an a iitihalation layer.
  • to'obtam a sllver hahqe emul.slon comammg used in the invention are, for example, polymers of 2- regfllar, tetragonal Ystem grams havmg an average methyl-l-vinylimidazole, the quaternized derivatives gram of thereof, polymers of vinylpyridine, and polymers of Emulsion C v N,N-dlalkylamlnoethyl methacrylate and quaternlzed derivatives thereof.
  • p fi electron acceptor or halogen acceptor The temperature was lowered, followed by washing h n in Table and a r n Such asa formalin, with water, a mixed solution of sodium chloride and poichl0r0-5-hydroxy riazine, or chromium alum, and a tassium bromide is added, the pAg is adjusted to 7.0, coating aid, such as saponin or nonyl-benzene sulfonate and further a fourth solution (75 g of inert gelatin was and coated onto a transparent cellulose triacetate film dissolved in 300 ml of water) was added to give a silver to thus obtain a direct positive sensitive material. It was halide emulsion.
  • the density of the thus obtained strip was measured using of an S-type densitometer made by the Fuji Emulslon B Photo Film Co. The results obtained are shown in To a first solution (8 g of inert gelatin and 5 ml of a FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 in which the characteristic curves are l N solution of potassium bromide in 500 ml of water given.
  • Emulsion B does not give a direct positive image g gg fiq %g gg Monoh dmte g by itself but the reversal sensitivity can be raised markpomgsium Bromide y 2 g edly by the addition of anelectron acceptor.
  • Emul- Water to 1000 ml This is diluted with water in a proportion of l l.
  • FIG. 3 Curve 1 (b)(2 10*)4 2 .(m)(8 l0")4 3 (m)(8 l0)4 4 (Ta) (2 x 10-" 4 to be added to the emulsion, for instance, color couplers, coating aids, stabilizers, development accelerators and hardeners exhibit different photographic effects according to the kind of emulsions, Emulsions A, B and C.
  • the direct positive-type multi-layer light-sensitive material at least two coating emulsions of the invention are applied to a suitable support base using a simultaneous multi-layer coating method as disclosed in, for example, US. Pat. No. 2,761,791.
  • the system of coating the emulsion layers individually is most disadvantageous, because simultaneous multi-layer coating can substantially reduce deleterious interactions between the emulsion layers.
  • simultaneous multi-layer coating can substantially reduce deleterious interactions between the emulsion layers.
  • an emulsion or gelatin solution is coated thereonto, the interaction between the previously coatedlayers increases.
  • Such disadvantageous interaction between emulsion layers can be avoided by provision of a specific intermediate layer as illustrated before.
  • the disadvantageous interaction between emulsion layers consisting of at least two layers due to mutual diffusion of the electron acceptors and the halogen acceptors used in the emulsions can be solved by the using of those materials which have a strong adsorptive capacity on the silver halide grains and by provision of a specific intermediate layer.
  • high interaction emulsion types for example, Emulsions A and B or Emulsions C and B
  • the simultaneous multi-layer coating technique is very effective.
  • the particularly preferred electron acceptors used in the invention are compounds represented by the following General Formula (I) or (II).
  • the cyanine dye which is suitable is a dye, for example, represented by the following General Formula General Formula (IV) x :p ecu-cs 9 ii it in which and Z, are atomic groups for forming heterocyclic rings used conventionally as cyanine dye nuclei, such as B,B'-naphthoxazole, indolenine, benzothiazole, a-naphthothiazole and 4-quinoline nuclei, R and R,
  • each is an alkyl group, an allyl group or an aryl group,
  • X is an anionic group used conventionally for cyanine in which R,, R R and R each is a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxyl group, an aryloxy group, an arylthio group, an amino group, an alkylamino group and an arylamino group, Y and Y each are CH or a nitrogen atom and D is a divalent aromatic group such
  • This compound is suitable for supersensitization of a sensitizing dye capable of spectrally sensitizing in the wavelength region of 600-720 nm of the M-band. Examples of compounds suitable for use in the invention are given in the following. These examples should not be interpreted as limiting the invention.
  • color couplers are compounds capable of obtaining a color image using a color developing agent consisting of a p-phenylenediamine derivative such as, 1,2,4-triaminobenzen, l,2,4-triamino-5- methylbenzene, 2,3,6-triaminopyridine, 2- methylparaphenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-pphenylenediamine, N-(p-dimethylaminophenylglycine, N,N-diethyl-pphenylenediamine and the like, see for example, U.S.
  • a p-phenylenediamine derivative such as, 1,2,4-triaminobenzen, l,2,4-triamino-5- methylbenzene, 2,3,6-triaminopyridine, 2- methylparaphenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-pphenylenediamine, N-(p-dimethylaminophenylglycine, N,N
  • the active methylene position of the color coupler may, during color developing, be substituted by a substituent which can be split imagewisely on development, for example, a substituent used in the conventional two equivalent type coupler, such as a halogen atom, a diazoaryl group, an arylthio group, an aryloxy groupor a carbonylgroup as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,311,476; 3,408,194; 3,419,391; and 3,417,928.
  • the production technique of the multi-layer direct positive type color photographic material consisting of at least two layers according to the invention is available for the color diffusion transfer system as well as the silver dye bleaching system which is well known in obtaining a color image.
  • any of Emulsions A, B and C has the general characteristic of an emulsion which has a high sensitivity and improved clearance in that only a hard gradation is obtained.
  • the commonly used method in the production of a light-sensitive material using the conventional negative type emulsion in order to enlarge the exposure latitude, for example, by mixing of different emulsions, by formation of a multilayer element or by addition of a dye results in not only a lowering of the reversal sensitivity and but also in a deterioration of the clearance,
  • the present invention has a layer structure free from these disadvantages.
  • l is a support member
  • 2 and 3 are respectively direct positive-type emulsion layers
  • 4 is a protective layer which can be provided if desired.
  • FIG. 5 shows another embodiment wherein intermediate layer 5-is provided between emulsion layers 2 and 3 of FIG. 4. Provision of the intermediate layer can reduce any undesirable interaction occurring in the preparation of 2 and 3.
  • this intermediate layer superfine grain low sensitivity silver halide grains, silica grains, charged hydrophilic protective colloids, surface active agents and charged high molecular weight compounds such as sodium substituted naphthalenesulfonate are preferably added in order to prevent undesirable diffusion or transfer of the halogen acceptor or electron acceptor.
  • Table 3 shows examples of this layer structure.
  • Emulsion 3 No. Emulsion Sensitiz- Emulsion Sensiti2- Developing 1 ype ing Sub- Type mg Sub- Method stance stance 2 B Electron acceptor A or C do. do. 3 A or C Halogen A or C Halogen Color acceptor acciptor development Electron Electron acceptor acceptor Color Color coupler coupler 4 B Electron B Electron do.
  • acceptor acceptor Color Color coupler coupler 5 B do. A or C Halogen do.
  • l is an antihalation layer and 2 and 4 are direct positive type emulsion layers.
  • 3 is an intermediate layer provided if desired and 5 is a protective layer provided if desired.
  • Intermediate. layer 3 preferably has the functions of solving problems occurring due to undesirable diffusion and transfer of a halogen acceptor or electron acceptor, of acting as a filter layer, of protecting an emulsion layer thereon from irradiation and of improving the color separation due to the adjacent layer effect.
  • the filter layer or irradiation prevention layer it is preferredto incorporate the conventionally used silver colloid and mordant consisting of the conventionally used acid dye as disclosed in US Pat; Nos. 3,282,699 and 3,512,983, and the positively charged hydrophilic polymer.
  • Table 4 shows examples of this layer structure.
  • Emulsion layer 4 Emulsion layer 2 No. Type Sensitizing Sub- Type Sensitizin Sub- Developstance and stance an Color Coupler Color Coupler ethod 7 B Electron accep- A or C Electron accep- Color tor (green tor (Halogen developsensmzatron) acceptor ment Supersensitizer Color coupler (red sensitim- (cyan) tion) +Color .coupler (red) 8 B do. B Electron accepdo.
  • Halogen tor Halogen tor Halogen acceptor (ortho) acceptor +Color Supersensitizer coupler (magenta (red sensitive) -lColor coupler (cy n)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3963494A (en) * 1973-01-25 1976-06-15 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Photographic multilayer direct-positive silver halide element
US4269914A (en) * 1979-04-16 1981-05-26 Eastman Kodak Company Ultrasonographic elements containing multiple layers and processes for their use
US4395478A (en) * 1981-11-12 1983-07-26 Eastman Kodak Company Direct-positive core-shell emulsions and photographic elements and processes for their use
US4444874A (en) * 1982-09-15 1984-04-24 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic elements containing direct-positive emulsions and processes for their use
USRE32149E (en) * 1982-09-15 1986-05-20 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic elements containing direct-positive emulsions and processes for their use
US6566044B2 (en) * 2000-03-27 2003-05-20 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide photographic material
CN115760684A (zh) * 2022-09-22 2023-03-07 超聚变数字技术有限公司 主板led灯的测试阈值区间调节方法、测试方法及装置

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US3531290A (en) * 1966-03-11 1970-09-29 Eastman Kodak Co Direct positive silver halide emulsions containing excess halide
US3632340A (en) * 1968-09-09 1972-01-04 Eastman Kodak Co Cored direct positive silver halide emulsion developed with polyhydroxybenzene
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US3501306A (en) * 1966-03-11 1970-03-17 Eastman Kodak Co Regular grain photographic reversal emulsions
US3531290A (en) * 1966-03-11 1970-09-29 Eastman Kodak Co Direct positive silver halide emulsions containing excess halide
US3632340A (en) * 1968-09-09 1972-01-04 Eastman Kodak Co Cored direct positive silver halide emulsion developed with polyhydroxybenzene
US3647463A (en) * 1969-08-14 1972-03-07 Eastman Kodak Co Direct-positive photographic elements containing multiple layers

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US3963494A (en) * 1973-01-25 1976-06-15 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Photographic multilayer direct-positive silver halide element
US4269914A (en) * 1979-04-16 1981-05-26 Eastman Kodak Company Ultrasonographic elements containing multiple layers and processes for their use
US4395478A (en) * 1981-11-12 1983-07-26 Eastman Kodak Company Direct-positive core-shell emulsions and photographic elements and processes for their use
US4444874A (en) * 1982-09-15 1984-04-24 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic elements containing direct-positive emulsions and processes for their use
USRE32149E (en) * 1982-09-15 1986-05-20 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic elements containing direct-positive emulsions and processes for their use
US6566044B2 (en) * 2000-03-27 2003-05-20 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide photographic material
CN115760684A (zh) * 2022-09-22 2023-03-07 超聚变数字技术有限公司 主板led灯的测试阈值区间调节方法、测试方法及装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5140980B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-11-06
BE782375A (fr) 1972-08-16
DE2219437A1 (de) 1973-10-31
FR2133951A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-12-01
FR2133951B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-10-29
GB1389569A (en) 1975-04-03

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