US3852194A - Apparatus and method for fluid collection and partitioning - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for fluid collection and partitioning Download PDF

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Publication number
US3852194A
US3852194A US00314270A US31427072A US3852194A US 3852194 A US3852194 A US 3852194A US 00314270 A US00314270 A US 00314270A US 31427072 A US31427072 A US 31427072A US 3852194 A US3852194 A US 3852194A
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gel
fluid
phases
container
partitioning
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A Zine
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Sherwood Medical Co
Corning Glass Works
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Corning Glass Works
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Priority to US00314270A priority Critical patent/US3852194A/en
Priority to CA180,440A priority patent/CA974952A/en
Priority to CH1481273A priority patent/CH583581A5/xx
Priority to FR7337385A priority patent/FR2209614B1/fr
Priority to DE2359670A priority patent/DE2359670C2/de
Priority to JP13670673A priority patent/JPS5724508B2/ja
Priority to IT54179/73A priority patent/IT1000252B/it
Priority to NLAANVRAGE7316866,A priority patent/NL185330C/xx
Priority to GB5736273A priority patent/GB1456035A/en
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Assigned to SHERWOOD MEDICAL COMPANY reassignment SHERWOOD MEDICAL COMPANY MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SHERWOOD MEDICAL INDUSTRIES INC. (INTO)
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/483—Physical analysis of biological material
    • G01N33/487—Physical analysis of biological material of liquid biological material
    • G01N33/49—Blood
    • G01N33/491—Blood by separating the blood components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
    • Y10T436/10—Composition for standardization, calibration, simulation, stabilization, preparation or preservation; processes of use in preparation for chemical testing
    • Y10T436/107497—Preparation composition [e.g., lysing or precipitation, etc.]

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Partitioning assemblies and partitioning or sea] members utilized with containers (adapted to serve as fluid specimen collection or fluid-retaining tubes) for effecting partitioning of two differing-density fluid phases of a centrifugally separated fluid specimen, at a position not lower than the fluid phase interface, wherein the partitioning members include a separating amount of a gel-like material.
  • This gel-like material by having a specific gravity intermediate those of the separated fluid phases, is adapted to move within the container in response to centrifugal force, only to the vicinity of the fluid phase interface.
  • the gel-like material thereupon is further adapted to make a trans' versely continuous semi-rigid contact seal with an annular portion of the container inner surface to thereby effect a seal that partitions the fluid phases.
  • the gellike material may also be used in combination with a spool member having a container-contacting outer surface and a central axial orifice, with the gel-like material making a transversely-continuous contact seal within the spool central axial orifice.
  • Three-phase partitioning may also be accomplished by using first and second gel-like materials having specific gravities intermediate those of the first-second and secondthird differing-density phases, respectively.
  • the partitioning 0r seal members may also be utilized in closed system (evacuated) fluid collection tubes or may be hand inserted into opened (atmospheric pressure) tubes after specimen collection. Also set forth is a method for effecting partitioning of centrifugally separated fluid phases within a container.
  • Field of the Invention relates to an apparatus and method for the collection and partitioning of at least two phases of a muIti-phase fluid within a container. More specifically, it pertains to the collection of whole blood and, after the separation thereof, the partitioning of blood serum or blood plasma from the blood cells. If desired further fractionating and partitioning of, for example, the blood serum may be accomplished.
  • a glass tube has one permanently closed end and the other end is closed by a rubber stopper having a pair of opposite top and bottom axial recesses separated by an intermediate diaphragm.
  • a cup-like holder having a double ended hollow needle, with one end terminating axially within the holder and the other end terminating axially outside the holder, is used to receive the stoppered end of the glass tube, with the inner needle end being adapted to extend through the stopper diaphragm into the evacuated tube.
  • the outer needle end is injected into the patients vein and then, by forward thrust on the tube, the puncturing of the stopper diaphragm is completed to withdraw theblood.
  • the filled tube is removed from the cup-like holder thereby obtaining a stopper-sealed collection tube housing a blood sample.
  • Blood or another fluid collected in the previouslydescribed collection device is then generally taken to the laboratory for processing.
  • the contents may be utilized as whole blood or separated into a lighter phase (serum or plasma) and a heavier phase (cells).
  • a lighter phase serum or plasma
  • a heavier phase cells
  • the filled tube assembly is placed into a centrifuge which completes separation into two blood phases. Disposed at the bottom of the tube will be a heavy phase or high density portion of the fluid consisting of packed red blood cells, while disposed at the upper part of the tube will be the lighter phase or low density portion of the fluid which is blood serum.
  • the separated serum is then analyzed, generally after first being removed from the tube assembly by decanting and/or siphoning.
  • the piston which has a wiper portion that makes an initial sealing contact with the container inner surface, loses this sealing contact during its downward movement (to permit the flow of fluid therearound) and thereafter is designed to make a final sealing contact with the container inner surface at a position not lower than a position intermediate the separated phases by stopping the downward movement by terminating the applied force.
  • the piston which is initially detachably secured to the stopper, requires passageway means and a vent opening therewithin to facilitate the passage of gases to permit descent of the piston but resist the passage of fluids therethrough.
  • the Coleman device provides a unitary sealing member between the blood cells and the plasma or serum, it does have several shortcomings.
  • the piston and stopper must be held in intimate contact with each other, otherwise blood which flows into any space between them during the tube filling operation will remain above the piston, and the blood cells will contaminate the lighter phase. Once these blood cells find their way above the piston wiper, they cannot be separated, since no mechanism or method has been provided to permit them to move below the piston.
  • An improperly punctured diaphragm vent may either refuse to operate at all or may rupture and blow out when the piston impacts the fluid surface during centrifugation and thus completely loses its ability to act as a seal between the light and heavy blood phases during piston descent. In either instance, unfortunately the separation step becomes aborted.
  • Lawhead device produces excellent sealing between the separated phases, it does require different diameter parts for different diameter tubes, which of course is an economic disadvantage in a low unit cost system.
  • Weichselbaum in US. Pat. No. 3,464,890, sets forth a method of separating plasma from whole blood which comprises bringing into contact with the blood a separating amount of inert particulate material, e.g., polystyrene beads having a coating of anti-coagulant and having a specific gravity intermediate that of plasma and blood.
  • This loose material is placed into the blood sample prior to phase separation and upon separation these particles tend to establish a barrier between the plasma and cells.
  • This system will not tolerate any subsequent jarring or unusual motion since this will tend to destroy the barrier.
  • this system will not tolerate shipping and cannot be utilized for mailing to testing laboratories.
  • Adler in US. Pat. No. 3,647,070, sets forth a method and apparatus for a barrier at the interface between plasma and packed cells in centrifuged blood samples, which barrier means are adapted to sink through the plasma layer, and upon being wetted and expanded by the plasma, expanded into firm contact with each other and the walls of the container to form a barrier. While this system appears to be quite workable, it is limited to post centrifugation insertion of the barrier means which is a definite disadvantage from the cost, time and contamination standpoint. I
  • the instant invention both in terms of apparatus and method, responds to each of the previously-described prior art shortcomings in a manner so as to completely eliminate any further concern regarding such problems.
  • partitioning assemblies and partitioning or seal members of this invention are utilized with containers that are adapted to serve as fluid collection or fluid retaining tubes.
  • the partitioning or seal members include a predetermined or separating amount of a gel-like material, preferably hydrophobic, substantially thixotropic and generally inert to the separated fluid phases that are to be partitioned.
  • This gellike material such as a mixture of a silicone fluid and hydrophobic silicon dioxide powder, which has a specific gravity intermediate those of the fluid phases, is positioned within the container either before or after fluid collection. Due to its specific gravity, the gel-like material is adapted to move within the container in response to centrifugation, with the gel-like material being adapted to stop moving when it reaches the vicinity of the fluid phase interface.
  • the gel-like material thereupon is further adapted to make a transversely-continuous, semi-rigid, contact seal with an annular portion of the container inner surface, thereby effecting a seal that physically and chemically partitions the fluid phases.
  • the gel-like material may be used by itself to form a semi-rigid partitioning or seal member, it may also be used in combination with a spool member having a container-contacting outer surface portion and a central axial orifice.
  • the spool member which is preferably initially positioned below the container stopper or closure, by having a specific gravity that is intermediate those of the separated fluid phases, is adapted to move downwardly within the container in response to centrifugal force.
  • the fluid phases flow freely only through the spool central axial orifice, with the spool being adapted to stop moving downwardly when it reaches the vicinity of the fluid phase interface.
  • the gel-like material which in this combination is preferably initially located adjacent to the bottom of the container, by reason of its specific gravity, moves upwardly within the container and is adapted to make a transversely continuous semi-rigid contact seal with at least an annular surface portion of the spool central axial orifice.
  • the partitioning or seal members of this invention may also be utilized to partition at least three differing density phases of a separated multi-phase fluid specimen at positions substantially at the interfaces of these fluid phases.
  • This three-phase partitioning may be accomplished by using first and second gel-like material having specific gravities intermediate those of the firstsecond and second-third differing density phases, respectively. These gel-like materials are adapted to make separate transversely-continuous, semirigid, contact seals with different annular portions of the container inner surface thereby effecting seals that partition the three separated phases.
  • the partitioning assemblies and partitioning or seal members of this invention may be utilized in several different operational sequences.
  • One operational sequence applies specifically to a fluid collection and partitioning assembly that is intended to remain closed (vacuum sealed) from the time of manufacture through sampling, preparation and centrifugation of its contents until the lighter phase is removed after centrifugation.
  • the partitioning or seal member is hand-inserted or dispensed into an opened collection tube (i.e., at atmospheric pressure) after sample collection, prior to centrifugation.
  • the gel-like material may be positioned anywhere within the collection tube, while in the hand-insertion concept sequence, the gel-like material is preferably dispensed into the tube either as a floating capsule or positioned on the side of the tube below the tube closure.
  • both closed system and hand insertion concept sequences as well as combinations thereof, may be employed, with one or more centrifugation steps being required.
  • One method of establishing the partitioning of heavier phase from the lighter phase of a centrifugally separated fluid specimen within a container involves providing the container with a predetermined amount of a gel-like material having a specific gravity intermediate those of the separated phases. Moving the gel-like material within the container through at least one of the fluid phases (in response to centrifugal force) establishes a flow of at least one of the fluid phases within the container. A transversely-continuous semi-rigid contact seal is established with an annular portion of the container inner surface when the gellike material reaches a position in the vicinity of the fluid phase interface thereby partitioning the lighter and heavier fluid phases. Thereafter the applied force is terminated.
  • FIG. I illustrates one of the fluid collection and parti tioning assemblies of this invention, ready for use, with the partitioning or seal member in the form of a gel-like material being initially position adjacent to the normally closed end of the tubular container.
  • FIG. 2 is the assembly of FIG. I after theintroduction of a homogenized fluid sample thereinto.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the assembly of FIG. 2 shortly after the start of centrifugation, which begins to separate the homogenized sample into at least two differing-density fluid phases, with the gel-like material beginning to move away from its initial position.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates that in the assembly of FIG. 3, as centrifugation continues, the gel-like material is approaching the interface between the two differingdensity fluid phases.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the assembly of FIG. 4i upon the completion of centrifugation, with the gel-like material being located at the interface between the differingdensity fluid phases and making a transversely continuous contact partition or seal to thereby physically and chemically partition the two separated phases.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of the fluid collection and partitioning assemblies of this invention, having a spool poised beneath the closure member of the container and having a predetermined amount of gel-like material positioned adjacent to the naturally closed end of the container, with the differing density fluid being disposed therebetween.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the assembly of FIG. 6 upon the completion of centrifugation, with the spool and gellike material being located at the interface between the differing density fluid phases and coacting to make a transversely-continuous contact seal to thereby partition these phases.
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view, partially broken away. of one of the fluid collection and partitioning assemblies of this invention wherein the gel-like material is dispensed into the fluid collection assembly after the fluid collection is completed.
  • FIG. 9 is a sectional view, partially broken away, of another embodiment of the fluid collection and partitioning assemblies of this invention, having separatelypositioned first and second gel-like materials of differing densities and at least a three-phase fluid specimen disposed therebetween.
  • FIG. It illustrates an assembly, such as that of FIG. 9, upon the completion of centrifugation, with the first and second gel-like materials being located in the form of transversely continuous partitioning members or contact seals at the interfaces between the first-second and the second-third differing density phases, respectively.
  • FIGS. 1-5 illustrate one of the fluid collection and partitioning assemblies or container assemblies of this invention both in terms of the various components in correct relation ship to each other as well as the operational sequence of the various parts thereof.
  • FIGS. I-5 depict a fluid collection and partitioning assembly, more specifically, a blood collection and partitioning assembly or container assembly II consisting of a container or collection tube 12; a predetermined amount of a gel-like material 30; and a stopper or closure 2Q; all of which will now be described in more detail.
  • a fluid collection and partitioning assembly more specifically, a blood collection and partitioning assembly or container assembly II consisting of a container or collection tube 12; a predetermined amount of a gel-like material 30; and a stopper or closure 2Q; all of which will now be described in more detail.
  • Collection tube I2 which is preferably made of glass, plastic or other material, and which is preferably also transparent, has a normally closed. bottom end M and an open upper end I6 for receiving a self-sealing stop per or closure 20 formed of medical grade butyl rubber or other suitable material.
  • Closure 20 may be of the shape and material described herein or it may be of other suitable known types.
  • Stopper 20 as shown, is shaped so as to have a flanged end. 22 which abuts and overlies annular end face I8 of collection tube open end 16. Stopper 20 is further provided with a diaphragm or septum 24lwhich forms a transverselycontinuous seal with an annular surface portion of tube inner wall surface I3.
  • Stopper 20 together with collection tube I2, defines a sealed, closed fluid receiving chamber 26, which in the arrangement shown in F I6. I is adapted, (after previously having been evacuated) to maintain a negativepressure (vacuum) of about 24 inches Hg for an extended period of time. Thus. stopper 26), serves as a sealing closure to preserve the interior vacuum and provides a septum 24 through which the sampling needle (not shown) can reach chamber 26 without destroying its integrity. No invention is claimed for either the previously described collection tube 12 or stopper 20, per se.
  • a predetermined amount of a gel-like material 30 preferably is initially positioned adjacent to closed end M of tube 112.
  • This pre determined or separating amount (such as about 1 ml) of gel-like material 30 preferably is hydrophobic, thixotropic and generally inert to body fluids.
  • a gel-like material is a mixture ofa silicone fluid and very fine hydrophobic silicon dioxide powder.
  • I-Iydrophobic silicon dioxide may be defined as silicon dioxide that is treated so as to repel water, with one example of a hydrophobic silicon dioxide powder being Silanox 101 (manufactured by the Cabot Corporation of Boston, Massachusetts and described in Cabot brochure SGEN-l) hydrophobic fumed silicon dioxide, which is a fumed silicon dioxide having trimethyls'ilyl groups bonded to the surface thereof.
  • Silanox 101 manufactured by the Cabot Corporation of Boston, Massachusetts and described in Cabot brochure SGEN-l
  • Another example of a hydrophobic silicon dioxide powder is AEROSIL R972 (sold by DEGUSSA INC. Pigments Div., New York, NY. and described in Technical Bulletin 31 wherein the silicon dioxide is rendered hydrophobic by reacting the silanol groups on the surface with dimethyl dichlorsilane.
  • Silicon fluid may be defined as a polysiloxane liquid such as for example DOW Corning 360 Medical Fluid (a dimethyl polysiloxane liquid manufactured by the DOW CORNING Corporation of Midland, Michigan and described in DOW CORNING Bulletins CPO-1072, March, 1972 and CPO-158-1, March 1972).
  • DOW Corning 360 Medical Fluid a dimethyl polysiloxane liquid manufactured by the DOW CORNING Corporation of Midland, Michigan and described in DOW CORNING Bulletins CPO-1072, March, 1972 and CPO-158-1, March 1972.
  • Other examples of silicone fluids are DOW CORNING 200 and 510 (a methylphenyl polysiloxane) fluids.
  • Table 1 illustrates, among others, a number of mixtures of gel-like materials that may be utilized in this invention:
  • FIG. 1 illustrates fluid collection and partitioning assembly 11, ready for use, with stopper 20 together with collection tube 12 defining a sealed, closed evacuated fluid receiving chamber 26. Con tained within chamber 26 is gel-like material 30 which is positioned adjacent to normally closed end 14 of tube 12.
  • FIG. 2 assembly depicts the FIG. 1 assembly with the addition of a multi-phase fluid sample 34, such as whole blood.
  • a multi-phase fluid sample 34 such as whole blood.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the assembly of FIG. 2 shortly after the start of centrifugation which begins to separate homogeneous fluid sample 34 into a lighter phase 38 and a heavier phase 42.
  • the interface 44 between lighter and heavier phases 38 and 42, respectively, is shown, for the sake of clarity, in the form of a dash on either 'side of tube 12.
  • heavier phase tial position is shown, for the sake of clarity, in the form of a dash on either 'side of tube 12.
  • FIG. 4 assembly shows the FIG. 3 assembly, as centrifugation continues, with gel-like material 30 still in an elongated form, but now fully removed from its initialposition, with the upper end of gel-like material 5111- Viscosity Grams of Grams of Grams of Resulting No. cone (centistokes) Silicone S-101 R-972 S.G.
  • DC-360 is DOW CORNING 360 Medical Fluid.
  • DC-SlO is DOW CORNING 510 Fluid.
  • S-lOl is Silanox" 101 hydrophobic 510,.
  • R-972 is DEGUSSA R 972 hydrophobic Si0,.
  • the specific gravity (S.G.) of whole blood is 1.05l.06 while the S.G. of the light phase (blood serum) is 1.02-1.03 and the S.G. of the heavy phase (blood cells) is 1.08-1.09. Therefore the specific gravity of gel-like material 30 has to be below that of the heavy phase and above that of the light phase, i.e., generally in the range from about 1.035 to 30 being located in the vicinity of fluid phase interface 44. It should be noted that a thin layer 32 of gel-like material remains at its initial position, i.e., at tube bottom 14.
  • FIG. illustrates the assembly of FIG. 4- upon the completion of centrifugation, i.e., all the parts are now in final position.
  • the maverick lighter components or cells of heavier phase 42 (previously in or above material 34)), still having a specific gravity greater than that of material 30, have now eased into or through material 30., with mate rial resting at a density level equivalent to its own specific gravity.
  • member 3t has now consolidated so as to make a transverselycon'tinuous semi-rigid contact seal or partitioning member 48 with an annular surface portion of tube inner surface 13.
  • the heavier phase 42 is now blood cells and the lighter phase may be either blood serum or blood plasma, depending upon whether or not the whole blood sample was coagulated or not coagulated, respectively.
  • the thickness or axial dimension of the transversely-continuous contact seal made by partitioning or seal member 4% is, among other things, of course also dependent upon the amount of gel-like material that is initially introduced into tube 12.
  • the seal need not be of uniform shape or thickness across its transverse dimension 1 as long as it has at least one transversely-continuous portion. Uniformity of the seal is influenced by such factors as the viscosity of the gel-like material, the amount of material present, the speed and type (horizontal or anglehead centrifuge) of centrifugation (and resulting g-force) as well as the centrifugation time.
  • gel-like material 30 which makes up transversely-continuous semi-rigid seal member 48, is substantially thixotropic, i.e., at rest it acts substantially like a material in a thixotropic state. It is not intended that this definition of the gel-like material, which also may be described as semisolid, semi-rigid, substantially non-flowable, or resistant to flow at rest, be a limitation on the invention herein described, since the behavior of the material is, at this time, not yet completely subject to a full exacting explanation. It should suffice to say that gel-like material 30 appears to have a very high viscosity, is thermoplastic in nature, will act substantially as a fluid during centrifugation and will again set up to a gel when allowed to stand.
  • gel-like material 30 is substantially rigid and allows decanting of the lighter fluid phase from the tube or container 32 without disrupting its seal with the tube inner surface.
  • the partitioned sample will readily tolerate subsequent jarring and is entirely adaptable to shipping (such as to a remote laboratory for example).
  • gellike materials 30 are mixtures of silicone fluids and silicone dioxide powders it must be understood that these mixtures are not to be considered as limiting this invention. Any gel-like material is useful in the context of this invention if it meets the following basic requirements:
  • the silicon fluid may be thought of as a liquid or base material (an oil) and the silicon dioxide powder as a solid (a filler), with the latter serving both to adjust the specific gravity of the former to the desired value and to gel the oil, i.e., to convert it into a semi-rigid gel-like material or grease (with the terms gel-like and grease being used synonymously).
  • an oil an oil
  • a filler a solid
  • oils including esters of polyacids (such as dioctylsebacate, dibutylphthalate and tributylphosphate) and min eral oils (hydrocarbons).
  • fillers include titania, zirconia, asbestos, wood flour and finely divided organic polymers (such as polyethylene, polypropylene, fluorocarbons and polyesters, etc.)
  • the fillers may be used to either increase or decrease the specific gravity of the former.
  • the gellike material may be made up of but a single component (such as a silicone) material or may be mixtures of one or more base materials and one or more fillers.
  • gel-like material 30 is initially positioned adjacent to closed end 14 of tube 12, as shown in FIGS. 15.
  • material 30 may be placed anywhere within fluid receiving chamber 26.
  • a predetermined amount of gellike material 30a may be positioned on a portion of tube inner'surface 13 below stopper 20.
  • a predetermined amount of gel-like material such as for example 30a in FIG. 9 or 30b (also substantially similar to material 30) in FIG. 8 is dispensed into an opened collection tube after sample collection, preferably either after coagulation has been completed or after partial phase separation has been effected (upon completion of coagulation).
  • the gellike material can be inserted into an opened collection tube even before coagulation has been completed, however, since blood cells exhibit a tendency to harden on the walls of the opened tube it is preferable to delay the opening of the collection tube until coagulation has been completed therein.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3, sans material 30, may be utilized to illustrate a well-known evacuated blood collection tube assembly comprised of collection tube 12 and stopper 20.
  • blood sample 34 has been introduced into this assembly and preferably eitherafter coagulation (FIG. 2) or after partial phase separation (FIG. 3)
  • stopper 20 is removed and gel-like material 30a (FIG. 9), or 30b (FIG. 8) is dispensed into tube 12.
  • stopper 20 in accordance with good medical practice, preferably is placed back on tube 12 and centrifugation can begin (FIG. 2, sans material 30) or be continued (FIG. 3, sans material 30).
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 disclose another embodiment of the fluid collection and partitioning assemblies of this invention wherein a predetermined amount of gel-like material 30 coacts with a spool 52to effect complete physical and chemical partitioning of two differingdensity fluid phases.
  • the assembly shown in FIG. 6, i.e., tube 12, stopper 22, gel-like material 30, fluid 34 and spool 52, can be the result of at least two different concept sequences, namely: l a closed system concept wherein spool 52 and gel-like material 30, are both located in a sealed, closed, fluid receiving chamber 26 as shown in FIG. 1., into which fluid sample 34 has thereafter been introduced, or (2) a hand-insertion concept wherein spool 52 is introduced into a collection tube 12 (upon stopper removal) after fluid sample 34 has been collected (as shown in FIG. 2).
  • Spool 52 which has an annular, generally cylindrically-shaped main body portion 54 having a diameter less than the inside diameter of collection tube 12, also has an upper. outwardly-tapering, annular. resilient, wiper or outer surface portion 56 having a maximum outer free diameter greater than that of portion 54, with portion 56 being adapted to sealingly contact tube inner wall surface 13.
  • Spool 54 also has a lower skirt portion 58 and a central axial orifice 62.
  • Spool 52 may be of the type disclosed in co-pending US. Pat. application Ser.
  • FIG. 6 shows the fluid collection and partitioning assembly immediately prior to centrifugation
  • FIG. 7 depicts the assembly upon the completion of centrifugation.
  • gel-like material 30 behaves in the manner already described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 except that material 30 coacts with spool 52 to make a transverse ly-continuous contact seal to separate phases 38 and 42.
  • spool 52 At the start of centrifugation, spool 52, because of its specific gravity, starts to move downward, away from the vicinity of stopper 20, toward lighter phase 38, which in turn flows upwardly through spool central axial orifice 62. It should be noted that all fluid flow takes place through orifice 62 and no fluid is permitted, nor can it possibly take place, between the outer surface of spool 52 and tube inner surface 13. Furthermore, fluid flow can occur through orifice 62 in either direction, depending upon the initial position of spool 52 relative to the various density components of the fluid which are to be separated.
  • spool 52 The operation of spool 52 is such that it does not differentiate between gases or liquids and each phase is free to seek its own flow path and its ultimate position within tube 12 is influenced solely by the persuasion of centrifugal force.
  • the skirt portion 58 of spool 52 Upon the completion of centrifugation (FIG. 7) the skirt portion 58 of spool 52 has entered heavier phase 42 and gel-like material 30, again as a result of the applied centrifugal force, has started to enter lighter phase 38 by extending at least partially through spool central axial orifice 62.
  • Gel-like material 30 is adapted to make a transversely-continuous contact seal member 64 with at least an annular portion of orifice 62.
  • spool 52 together with gel-like material 30 forms a transversely-continuous partitioning assembly 66 with an annular surface portion of tube inner surface 13.
  • spool 52 acts as a constriction within tube 12 since sealing of the differing density fluids from one another at tube inner surface 13 has been continuous (by reason of spool wiper 56) since spool 52 began its descent through the fluid and the separated fluid phases have never been in contact with each other in this area.
  • Final sealing is accomplished within spool central axial orifice 62 due to the action of gel-like material 30, and is purposefully designed to occur at or just above the fluid phase interface 44 to ensure the absence of any heavy phase components within the lighter phase sample.
  • the exact positioning of gel-like material 30 with reference to spool skirt portion 58 and orifice 62 depends upon the amount and viscosity of material 30 as well as the centrifugal force applied.
  • FIG. 9 which is a partially broken away sectional view of another embodiment of the fluid collection and partitioning assemblies of this invention, shows a first gel-like material 39, having a first specific gravity, adjacent to tube bottom I4 and a second gel-like material 30a, having a second specific gravity, attached to tube inner wall 13 in an area below stopper 29.
  • Art at least three-phase fluid 68 having first or heaviest density 70, second or intermediate density 72, and third or lightest density 74 fluid components is also contained within tube 12.
  • Gel-like material 20 has a specific gravity intermediate those of first and second fluid phase components 7t), 72, respectively, while material 390 has a specific gravity intermediate those of second and third fluid phase components 72, 74 respectively.
  • FIG. 10 which illustrates an assembly, such as that of FIG. 9, upon the completion of centrifugation, with first and second gel-like materials 39, 39a, being located in the form of transversely-continuous semi-solid partitioning members or contact seals 48, lfla, between first-second (7tlt-72) and second-third (72-74) differing density fluid phases, respectively.
  • gel-like material 30 moves upward away from tube bottom 14 and material 30a moves downward away from the area below stopper 20, under the influence of centrifugal force until they reach the fluid gradient levels, i.e., the interfaces closest to their own specific gravity.
  • both materials 30 and 30a are contained (at tube bottom M and in the area below stopper 20, respectively) within a closed, evacuated fluid receiving chamber, into which fluid sample 68 is thereafter introduced (see FIG. 9).
  • a subsequent single centrifugation step produces the partitioning shown in FIG. Ill), with both materials 30 and 30a leaving thin layers of gel-like materials 32 and 32a respectively at their initial positioning areas.
  • a first gel-like material having a first specific gravity intermediate those of heaviest and intermediate fluid phases 70, 72, respectively, is dispensed into collection tube 12, either in the shape of material 30b (FIG. 8) or material 3th: (FIG. 9). Thereafter, the assembly is centrifuged a first time and this first gel-like material forms transverselycontinuous partitioning or seal member 4% between phases 70 and 72. Then, a second gel-like material, having a second specific gravity intermediate those of the intermediate and lightest fluid phases, 72 and 74, respectively, is dispensed into collection tube 112, again either in the shape of material 30b (FIG. 9) or material 30a (FIG. 9). After a second centrifugation, the second gel-like material forms transversely-continuous partitioning or seal member Ma between phases 72 and 74.
  • a first gel-like material having a specific gravity intermediate those of heaviest and in-- termediate phases 7t), 72, respectively, is contained within a closed, evacuated fluid receiving chamber (FIG. I).
  • a second gel-like material having a specific gravity intermediate those of the intermediate and lightest phases 72, 74.
  • a second centrifugation step then forms a second transversely-continuous member 48a between phases 72 and '74.
  • an initial separating of the heaviest phase from the remaining phases can be accomplished by means of either of the two phase separation techniques herein discussed, e.g. by means of partitioning or seal member 4 8 (FIG. 5) or partitioning assembly 66 (FIG. 7), using either the closed system or hand-insertion concept techniques. Further separations of the remaining phases can thereafter be accomplished by successively dispensing in gel-like materials of decreasing specific gravities and successively centrifuging the collection tube assembly. For example, a whole blood sample may be initially be separated into blood cells and blood serum and thereafter, while remaining in thesame container, the blood serum may be further fractionated into separate components.
  • any fluid separable into at least two differing density phases may be separated using a gel-like material (or a gel-like material and spool combination) having a specific gravity intermediate those of the phases sought to be separated.
  • a gel-like material or a gel-like material and spool combination
  • Any gel or gel-like material that is hydrophobic, substantially thixotropic, and generally inert to the fluids to be separated, may be utilized.
  • a fluid collection and partitioning assembly for collecting a specimen of blood within a sealed fluid collection chamber, centrifically separating the heavier and lighter fluid phases of said blood specimen, and physically and chemically partitioning the separated phases, comprising:
  • gel-like means initially positioned within said container adjacent said closed end for forming a transversely continuous contact seal with an annular surface portion within said container at a subsee. subjecting said specimen and gel-like means to a quently formed interface between said heavier and lighter phases;
  • said container and for defining a closed fluid collection chamber containing said gel-like means therewithin, said closure means being pierceable closure means for vacuum-sealing said open end of centrifugal force to separate said fluid specimen into a heavier phase and a lighter phase and simultaneously move said gel-like means toward the interface of said phases;
  • said gel-like means being a thixotropic material and including a mixture of a fluid which is generally inert to body fluids and a powdered inorganic filler;
  • a method of collecting a multiphase fluid specimen, separating said specimen into at least two differing-density phases, and partitioning said phases comprising:
  • a. providing an open-ended container with thixotrosaid gel-like means having a. specific gravity interlighter phase of a centrifugally separated fluid specimen within a container which comprises:
  • thixotropic gel-like means having a. specific gravity intermediate those of said lighter and heavier fluid phases within said container in spaced relation from said open end; evacuating and sealing said container to provide a closed fluid collection chamber therewithin; supplying a fluid specimen to said closed chamber;

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US00314270A 1972-12-11 1972-12-11 Apparatus and method for fluid collection and partitioning Expired - Lifetime US3852194A (en)

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US00314270A US3852194A (en) 1972-12-11 1972-12-11 Apparatus and method for fluid collection and partitioning
CA180,440A CA974952A (en) 1972-12-11 1973-09-06 Apparatus and method for fluid collection and partitioning
FR7337385A FR2209614B1 (ja) 1972-12-11 1973-10-19
CH1481273A CH583581A5 (ja) 1972-12-11 1973-10-19
DE2359670A DE2359670C2 (de) 1972-12-11 1973-11-30 Anordnung zur physikalischen und chemischen Getrennthaltung der Phasen einer Flüssigkeit
JP13670673A JPS5724508B2 (ja) 1972-12-11 1973-12-06
IT54179/73A IT1000252B (it) 1972-12-11 1973-12-07 Apparecchiatura e procedimento per la raccolta e la separazione di fluidi
NLAANVRAGE7316866,A NL185330C (nl) 1972-12-11 1973-12-10 Werkwijze en inrichting voor het scheiden van een vloeistofmonster in verschillende fasen en het gescheiden houden van de fasen.
GB5736273A GB1456035A (en) 1972-12-11 1973-12-11 Apparatus and method for fluid collection and partitioning

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FR2295079A1 (fr) * 1974-12-16 1976-07-16 Corning Glass Works Composition stabilisee pour la separation du sang
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US4350593A (en) * 1977-12-19 1982-09-21 Becton, Dickinson And Company Assembly, compositions and method for separating blood
US4147628A (en) * 1978-01-23 1979-04-03 Becton, Dickinson And Company Blood partitioning method
US4190535A (en) * 1978-02-27 1980-02-26 Corning Glass Works Means for separating lymphocytes and monocytes from anticoagulated blood
US4333564A (en) * 1978-05-22 1982-06-08 Sherwood Medical Industries Inc. Method of controlling rheological properties of gel-like compositions
US4235725A (en) * 1978-08-16 1980-11-25 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Sterile blood-collecting and separating device
US4257886A (en) * 1979-01-18 1981-03-24 Becton, Dickinson And Company Apparatus for the separation of blood components
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NL185330C (nl) 1990-03-16
CA974952A (en) 1975-09-23
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DE2359670A1 (de) 1974-06-12
JPS4989389A (ja) 1974-08-27
FR2209614A1 (ja) 1974-07-05
JPS5724508B2 (ja) 1982-05-25
CH583581A5 (ja) 1977-01-14
IT1000252B (it) 1976-03-30
DE2359670C2 (de) 1986-10-30
NL185330B (nl) 1989-10-16

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