US3851454A - Method of and device for the manufacturing of electrical conductors - Google Patents

Method of and device for the manufacturing of electrical conductors Download PDF

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Publication number
US3851454A
US3851454A US00395018A US39501873A US3851454A US 3851454 A US3851454 A US 3851454A US 00395018 A US00395018 A US 00395018A US 39501873 A US39501873 A US 39501873A US 3851454 A US3851454 A US 3851454A
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United States
Prior art keywords
strand
spool
container
wire
twisting
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00395018A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Beyer
L Govaert
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/02—Stranding-up
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01H—SPINNING OR TWISTING
    • D01H1/00—Spinning or twisting machines in which the product is wound-up continuously
    • D01H1/08—Spinning or twisting machines in which the product is wound-up continuously cup, pot or disc type, in which annular masses of yarn are formed by centrifugal action
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
    • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
    • D07B3/00—General-purpose machines or apparatus for producing twisted ropes or cables from component strands of the same or different material
    • D07B3/08—General-purpose machines or apparatus for producing twisted ropes or cables from component strands of the same or different material in which the take-up reel rotates about the axis of the rope or cable or in which a guide member rotates about the axis of the rope or cable to guide the rope or cable on the take-up reel in fixed position and the supply reels are fixed in position
    • D07B3/085—General-purpose machines or apparatus for producing twisted ropes or cables from component strands of the same or different material in which the take-up reel rotates about the axis of the rope or cable or in which a guide member rotates about the axis of the rope or cable to guide the rope or cable on the take-up reel in fixed position and the supply reels are fixed in position in which a guide member rotates about the axis of the rope or cable to guide the rope or cable on the take-up reel in fixed position

Definitions

  • the device for performing this method comprises a drive for a spool, a rotating [56] References Clted container with a wire guide, and a winding mechanism UNITED STATES PATENTS with a synchronizing unit. 2,431,617 11/1947 Martinez 57/34 CF 2,998,694 9 1961 Haugwitz 57/5852 6 m 7 Drawmg Flgures SHEU 2 BF 3 PATENIEL EEC 3:914
  • the invention relates to a method of and a device for manufacturing electrical conductors, in which a number of individual metal wires are unwound from-spools, are assembled to form a strand which is fed to a twisting device, said strand being twisted while passing through the twisting device, and the electrical conductor thus obtained is wound onto a spool.
  • This object is-achieved according to the invention mainly in that the individual metal wires are first bun dled to'form a strand in a first process phase on an doubling machine andare; wound onto a'spool, the spool with the wire strand being subsequently/introduced into a separate twistin'g device, the strand being twisted in a second, separate process phase.
  • each phase can perform at a higher speed and with a higher optimum efficiency. Any disturbance in the unwinding of the wires will occur during the assembly phase, so it will not cause a disturbance of the twisting processThe tensile forces developed during the unwinding of the wires have no adverse effect on'the" twisting process.
  • the process can be performed andsupervised by a smaller number of operators.
  • the bundling of the wires can be effected by knowntechniques.
  • the wires are bundled by doublingrin order. to keepthe comparatively large number of wirestogether, the wire strand is preferably slightly pre-twisted with a pitch in the order of l m. g t
  • the wire strand is unwound fromthe driven spool in the twisting device, is fed into a rotating container and deposited regularly along theinner wall thereof with the result that the strand is subjected to a first twist.
  • the direction of movement of the wire strand is subsequently'r'eversed while the direction of rotation of the container is maintained, the strand being then withdrawn from the container and rewound onto the same spool, with the result that the strand is subjected to a second twist.
  • the centrifugal twisting whereby yarn is deposited on the inner wall of a rotating container is already known from the textile technique.
  • the present invention enables the use of the principle of the centrifugal twisting process in the metal industry for the twisting of nonelastic metal wire; in a first twisting phase, the metal wire is pro-shaped and in a second twisting phase it is twisted at the desired pitch and to the definite length.
  • the twisting process can be performed in a controlled manner.
  • the twisting takes place axially in the axis of a rotary generator; in contrast with the twisting process known in the metal industry, the centrifugal twisting process according to the invention causes little noise; this is an important factor in view of the increasingly severe requirements which are imposed so as to protect the operating personnel against excessive noise.
  • the tension of the wires is minimized during the emptying of the container by withdrawing the strand from the instantaneous take-off point on the container wall to'the axis of the container, substantially in a plane which is perpendicular to said axis. It is thus achieved that also during the rewinding I only a slight and substantially constant tensile'force.
  • This embodiment is preferably used in the manufacture of very sensitive products which are subject to very severe requirements as regards the tolerances of the wire tension.
  • the device for performing the method according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a bearing for a rotatable spool, a drive unit for the spool, a rotatable container, a drive unit for the container, a traversing wire guide which determines the winding structure in the container, and a winding mechanism with a driven unit associated with the spool.
  • the device has a comparatively simple construction, is compact, and can be simply operated.
  • the known devices for manufacturing electrical conductors operate according to the balloon principle, in which the rotating wires and heavy rotating machine parts require much energy and cause much noise.
  • the device according to the invention operates according to the container principle in which, as already explained, the twisting takes place in an axial twisting process in the axis of the container which acts as a rotary generator; as a result, this process produces very little noise, whilst the maximum speed and the efficiency are very high.
  • a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a switching bar which can be displaced by the wire strand and which cooperates with switches for switching on the winding mechanism and for reversing the direction of movement of the wire guide upon reversal of the direction of movement of the strand.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises a synchronizing unit for the wire guide, comprising a lever which is responsive to the wire tension and a switching unit, operated by this lever, for controlling the movement of the wire guide, which control is superimposed on the reversal of its direction of movement.
  • the wire guide preferably comprises a pipe provided with a bore and arranged to be coaxially displaceable in the container, a guide for the pipe, and a drive mechanism for the traversing movement of the pipe.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that at least one twist stop is provided in the wire path between the spool bearing and the inner wall of the container.
  • the twisting path can be readily varied because the pipe is journalled to be rotatable and may be blocked against rotation, a guide wheel being arranged between the spool bearing and the pipe.
  • the pipe can preferably be made to rotate, for example, by means of a motor. If the pipe does not rotate, its lower end constitutes the twist stop; in the case of a rotating pipe, a twist effect is obtained which corresponds to a progressive increase of the twisting path as the speed of the pipe increases until the guide wheel performs the function of the twist stop, the twisting path then have a maximum length.
  • the winding mechanism comprises a screw spindle, a changing, driven carrier on which the lever with the switching device is arranged, a wire guide on the free end of the lever, and a guide for the carrier, the screw spindle being drivable by way of a reversible motor, limit switches being provided on the guide for reversing the rotary movement of the motor.
  • the winding mechanism and the synchronizing device are combined to form a compact unit.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a device for forming a wire strand
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of an embodiment of the device according to the invention for twisting the wire, partly a side elevation and partly a cross-sectional view.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view of the winding mechanism of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of a part of the device.
  • FIGS. 5a, 5b and 5c are diagrammatic cross-sectional views of the pipe in various positions during the emptying of the container.
  • FIG. 1 shows a doubling device for assembling individual wires to form a strand, the said 'device not forming part of the present invention.
  • Feed spools A with copper wire are rigidly mounted on a rack B.
  • the individual copper wires C are unwound by means of flyers M and are guided over a common guide wheel E via guides N and guide rollers D.
  • the wire strand F originating from the guide wheel E is fed, via a wheel G, to a wire guide H and is wound onto a spool K by a relative rotary and traversing movement of the wire guide H and the spool K.
  • the spool K is stationary, whilst the wire guide H performs both the rotary movement and the traversing movement.
  • the wire strand F is wound onto the spool K via an arm L which is connected to the wire guide H; as a result, the wire strand is also slightly pre-twisted, so that the subsequent operations are facilitated.
  • the device 1 for twisting the wire strand shown in FIG. 2 comprises an accurately balanced container 3 which is journalled to be rotatable and which is driven by an electric motor 5.
  • the reference 7 denotes a wire guide, consisting of a pipe 9 which is coaxially arranged in the pot so as to be displaceable therein, a guide means 11 and a controllable drive mechanism for the pipe 9, i.e., a known hydropneumatic motor 13 in the embodiment shown.
  • the pipe 9 is provided with a central bore 15 and is rotatably mounted in an arm 19 by way of a roller bearing 17 and can be brought to rotation by a motor 21 via a belt 22; when the motor is not switched on, the pipe can freely rotate; moreover, the pipe can be blocked, for example, by means of a brake disc 23 on the shaft of the motor 21.
  • the arm 19 furthermore accommodates a guide wheel 24. If the pipe 9 rotates at the same speed as the container 3 during the twisting of the wire, the guide wheel 24 constitutes a twist stop; when the winding pipe is blocked, the lower end 25 thereof constitutes a twist stop.
  • the reversal of the traversing movement of the hydropneumatic motor 13 and of the pipe is achieved in known manner by means of limit switches (not shown) which control two magnetic valves in the air supply of the motor.
  • the device 1 furthermore comprises a bearing 27 for the rotatable journalling of a spool 29, consisting of the spool core 33 with flanges 35 and the strand package 31 accommodated thereon.
  • spool 29 is driven by means of a belt 37 which is guided over two rollers 39 and 41, roller 41 being driven by a motor 43 having a variable reductor 45.
  • the roller 39 is accommodated on the free end an increased scale in FIG. 3 and known per 'se, consists of a carrier 57 which is provided on a guide plate 59 slidably mounted by way of arms 61 and eyelets 63, on
  • a lever 69 is arranged to be pivotable on a shaft 67 on the carrier 57.
  • a winding wheel 75 is mounted on the other free end of the lever 69. Via a screw spindle 77 which is driven by the motor 53, the guide plate 59, the carrier 57 and the winding wheel 75 are driven in a reciprocating manner.
  • the periodic reversal of the direction of rotation of the motor 53 is effected by way of limit switches (not shown) which are provided on one of the guide bars 65.
  • the lever 69 forms part of the synchronizing unit 81, the further elements of which are combined with the winding mechanism 51. so as to form one unit.
  • switching arm 85 coupled to the lever 69 by means of a carrier pin 83, is arranged to be pivotable on a shaft 87 of the carrier.
  • a segment 89 also pivotable about the shaft 87, are a'microswitch 91 and an electromagnet 93.
  • a friction disc 95 which can be adjusted and which cooperates with the segment 89.
  • the reference 97 denotes a switching bar which is shown in a plan view in FIG. 4.
  • the switching'bar 97 is pivotable about a shaft 99 and serves to switch on the winding mechanism 51 and to reverse the movement direction of the winding pipe 9 via switches I01, 101.
  • Individual copper wires which are to be twisted so as to form an electrical conductor are doubled and pretwisted in advance on the device shown in FIG. 1, to form a strand, which is wound onto the spool core 33 so as to form a package 31 on spool 29.
  • the end of the strand is connected to the spool core, for example, by inserting the strand end through a hole 105 in the spool core 33 and by securing it therein.
  • the hole 105 is provided adjacent to the flange 35 shown in the plane of the drawing.
  • the spool 29 is subsequently mounted in the bearings 27.
  • the switching bar 97 is manually pressed into the rest position denoted by 97 in FIG. 2.
  • the free end of the strand F is simply lowered through the boring of the pipe 9 until it projects from the lower end thereof. As soon as the strand projecting from the pipe touches the container bottom, it will be spun against the container wall. After that, the hydropneumatic motor 13 and the motor 43 for driving the spool 29 are switched on, the spool then being driven in the direction denoted by arrow Y. Because the strand, which is fed into the container at a constant speed, is spun against the inner wall of the rotating container by centrifugal forces, the strand undergoes a twist. The traversing pipe 9 regularly distributes the wire on the container wall so as to form a package 109.
  • the traversing movement of the pipe 9, and hence the winding pitch of the package 109, can be controlled in known manner by way of a valve in the hydraulic part of the motor 13.
  • the driving of the spool 29 by means of the belt 37 offers the advantage that the feed rate of the strand can be simply'kept constant.
  • the feed rate of the strand and hence the twist pitch can be adjusted at a given speed of the container 3.
  • the broken line a in FIG. 2 denotes the path of the strand F during the feeding into the container
  • the broken lines b and 0 denote the strand path immediately before and after the reversal of the direction of movement, the spool 29 then having been unwound.
  • the uninterrupted line d shows the strand during the emptying of the pot, immediately after the reversal of the direction of movement; broken line e shows the strand path when the spool is almost full again. Because the strand is secured to the spool core 33 adjacent to the flange 35 which is visible in FIG. 2, the strand passes from the front of the spool core to the rear, as denoted by the lines b, c and d in FIG. 2.
  • the strand passing through the path c contacts the switching bar 97 and adjusts the latter to the position 97', with the result that the winding mechanism 51 is switched on via the switch 101.
  • One of the limit switches on the guide bars ensures that the carrier 57 with the winding wheel always comes to a standstill in the same rest position, the groove 76 then being adjacent to the plane of the flange 35.
  • the switching bar 97 the strand automatically and simultaneously arrives in the groove 96 of the winding wheel 75, with the result that-the spool can be filled without interruption of the twisting process.
  • the twisting path can be changed by rotating the pipe 9, by letting it rotate freely or by preventing rotation of the winding pipe.
  • the'lower end 25 of the pipe constitutes a twist stop, the twisting path then being equal to the distance between the lower end 25 of the pipe and the takeup point or take'off point P of the wire on the wall of the container 3.
  • the guide wheel 24 acts as the twist stop. If the pipe 9 rotates at the same speed as the pot 3, the twisting path is substantially equal to the distance between the guide wheel 24 and the lower end 25 of the winding pipe.
  • the controllable motor 21 By changing the rotary speed of the pipe 9 by means of the controllable motor 21, an effect can be obtained which is similar to a progressive change of the twisting path.
  • the guide wheel 24 Because the guide wheel 24 is connected to the arm 19, it performs a traversing movement with the pipe 9, with the result that an adjusted twisting path remains constant. By way of the described control of the pipe, different twisting effects can be readily obtained during the filling and the emptying of the pot.
  • the tension in the strand is minimum both during the filling and the emptying of the pot if the strand part between the lower end 25 of the pipe 9 and the instantaneous take-up or take-off point P on the container wall is situated approximately in a plane Z perpendicular to the axis X of the container. This requirement is always satisfied during the filling of the container because the lower end 25 of the pipe always rotates synchronously with the instantaneous take-up point P of the strand.
  • the synchronizing unit 81 ensures that the pipe 9 is synchronized again with the take-off point P of the strand on the container wall.
  • the lagging of the strand causes a gradual increase of the wire tension.
  • the winding wheel 75 starts to drop.
  • Lever 69 pivots about shaft 67 and takes along, via carrier pin 83, the switching arm 85 which pivots about the shaft 87 and which rotates, via the electromagnet 93 which serves as an abutment, the segment 89 against the frictional force exerted by the friction disc 95, After the reversal of the direction of movement of the pipe 9, the lower end 25 of the pipe 9 approaches the lagging take-off point P of the strand, with the result that the wire tension starts to decrease again.
  • FIG. 5b This situation is shown in FIG. 5b.
  • the lever 69 Under the influence of the spring 71, the lever 69 is returned and takes along, via carrier pin 83, the switching arm 85.
  • the electromagnet 93 is switched off, with the result that the segment 89 is held by the friction disc 95.
  • Switching arm 85 abuts against the switch 91 mounted on the segment 89, thus operating this switch, with the result that the movement of the pipe 9 is reversed again. From this instant, the pipe 9 is synchronized again with the take-off point P of the strand, as is shown in FIG. 5c.
  • the segment 89 is returned to its starting position by the switching arm 85 via the switch 91 which serves as an abutment.
  • the synchronizing unit is actuated again.
  • synchronisation is effected when the lower side of the pipe 9 passes through the lower half of the container 3, the electromagnet 93 not being energized at that time.
  • the electromagnet 93 is switched on by means of a switch (not shown) on the guide 11 for the pipe 9, with the result that the segment 89 is coupled to the switching arm 85.
  • the described tension control by means of the synchronizing unit is particularly advantageous for the manufacture of sensitive products, where variations in the wire tension are admissible only within very narrow tolerance limits.
  • the spool core 33 could also be directly driven; however, continuous readjustment of the speed would then be necessary, for example, by means of an electronic control system, so as to keep the strand speed and hence the twist pitch constant.
  • the pipe 9 could be driven by a separate motor or, via a transmission, by the motor 5.
  • the winding width on the spool 29 can be corrected by adjusting the said limit switches on the guide bars 65 of the winding mechanism 51.
  • the twisting process can be influenced in various manners by controlling the strand speed in different phases of the process by means of the variable reductor 45 and/or by controlling the rotary movement of the pipe 9. These possibilities are further extended if the container 3 is also driven by a variable motor.
  • the container which had an inner diameter of 260 mm and a height of 260 mm was driven at a speed of 5,600 revolutions per minute by a l-hp motor; a strand composed of 40 copper wires having a diameter of 0.153 mm was twisted at a pitch of 20 mm, corresponding to 50 twists per metre, one twist being one revolution.
  • the maximum pot filling was 40 kg, corresponding to 6,500 metres of twisted wire strand.
  • a method of manufacturing electrical conductors in which a number of individual metal wires are unwound from spools, are assembled to form a strand which is fed. to a twisting device, said strand being twisted while passing through the twisting device, and the electrical conductor thus obtained is wound onto a spool, comprising the steps of:
  • a device for twisting a strand of wires comprising:
  • a rotatable container having an axis, for receiving the wire strand
  • wire guide means defining a path for the wire strand between the spool and the container, at least a portion of said path being coaxial with said container;
  • traversing means for moving said wire guide means longitudinally along the container axis to distribute the strand within the container;
  • winding means for engaging a strand being rewound onto the spool and defining a portion of the path the strand travels so as to determine a rewinding pattern of the strand on the spool;
  • said detecting means comprises a switch bar which is displaced by the wire strand upon completion of the unwinding, and said means for activating and reversing comprises switches actuated by motion of said switching bar.
  • a device as claimed in claim 3, comprising in addition synchronizing means for said traversing means, said synchronizing means comprising a lever whose position is responsive to tension in the wire strand during rewinding on the spool, and a switching unit responsive to a position of said lever for controlling movement of said traversing means, which control is superimposed on the reversal of motion of the traversing means.
  • a device as claimed in claim 3, comprising a guide wheel for engaging a strand being wound or unwound between the wire guide means and the winding means; and wherein said wire guide means comprises means for rotating said wire guide about the axis of said container and means for blocking rotation of said wire guide.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Wire Processing (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
  • Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
US00395018A 1972-09-30 1973-09-07 Method of and device for the manufacturing of electrical conductors Expired - Lifetime US3851454A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7213274A NL7213274A (de) 1972-09-30 1972-09-30

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US3851454A true US3851454A (en) 1974-12-03

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US00395018A Expired - Lifetime US3851454A (en) 1972-09-30 1973-09-07 Method of and device for the manufacturing of electrical conductors

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US (1) US3851454A (de)
JP (2) JPS4971477A (de)
BE (1) BE839463Q (de)
DE (1) DE2345720A1 (de)
ES (2) ES419173A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2201527B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1450084A (de)
IT (1) IT996752B (de)
NL (1) NL7213274A (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130161855A1 (en) * 2011-12-21 2013-06-27 Belden Inc. Systems and methods for producing cable

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01190862A (ja) * 1988-01-25 1989-07-31 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd 壁および屋根の透湿防水構造
JPH069180Y2 (ja) * 1988-11-26 1994-03-09 ユニチカ株式会社 通気性屋根防水シート
ES2059226B1 (es) * 1991-12-31 1995-12-16 Gomfil Conductores Electricos Maquina cableadora para el proceso de produccion de cables textiles y unidad de produccion que incorpora dicha maquina.
CN107130451A (zh) * 2017-05-15 2017-09-05 江苏星火特钢有限公司 具有恒张力自动控制装置的高速管式捻股机
CN108975076A (zh) * 2018-08-14 2018-12-11 安徽和邦纺织科技有限公司 一种用于改性纤维的纺丝牵引装置

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2431617A (en) * 1944-10-05 1947-11-25 Martinez Pedro Franquet Apparatus for twisting and winding yarn
US2998694A (en) * 1957-01-17 1961-09-05 Delore Sa Geoffroy Cable twisting system
US3096610A (en) * 1961-09-18 1963-07-09 Western Electric Co Methods of and apparatus for multicycle twisting a wire-like member
US3373549A (en) * 1965-06-10 1968-03-19 Western Electric Co Methods of and apparatus for alternate reverse twisting of indefinite lengths of strand material
US3481126A (en) * 1967-06-30 1969-12-02 British Insulated Callenders Method and apparatus for stranding flexible materials
US3635007A (en) * 1970-01-23 1972-01-18 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Method and an apparatus for making a strand of wires and feeding the same at high speed
US3643411A (en) * 1969-02-07 1972-02-22 Slemens Ag Method and apparatus including a rotating intermediate storer for sz twisting of elements of a cable

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1163751A (fr) * 1957-01-03 1958-09-30 Mira Zd Y Na Pletene A Stavkov Procédé pour retordre ou créper un fil par centrifugation et dispositif d'application
US2900782A (en) * 1957-06-10 1959-08-25 Bobkowicz Emilian Universal spinning unit
US3167901A (en) * 1963-07-03 1965-02-02 Western Electric Co Methods of and apparatus for reeling strands in a multicycle operation

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2431617A (en) * 1944-10-05 1947-11-25 Martinez Pedro Franquet Apparatus for twisting and winding yarn
US2998694A (en) * 1957-01-17 1961-09-05 Delore Sa Geoffroy Cable twisting system
US3096610A (en) * 1961-09-18 1963-07-09 Western Electric Co Methods of and apparatus for multicycle twisting a wire-like member
US3373549A (en) * 1965-06-10 1968-03-19 Western Electric Co Methods of and apparatus for alternate reverse twisting of indefinite lengths of strand material
US3481126A (en) * 1967-06-30 1969-12-02 British Insulated Callenders Method and apparatus for stranding flexible materials
US3643411A (en) * 1969-02-07 1972-02-22 Slemens Ag Method and apparatus including a rotating intermediate storer for sz twisting of elements of a cable
US3635007A (en) * 1970-01-23 1972-01-18 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Method and an apparatus for making a strand of wires and feeding the same at high speed

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130161855A1 (en) * 2011-12-21 2013-06-27 Belden Inc. Systems and methods for producing cable
US9196400B2 (en) * 2011-12-21 2015-11-24 Belden Inc. Systems and methods for producing cable
US10784025B2 (en) 2011-12-21 2020-09-22 Belden Inc. Systems and methods for producing cable

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ES428686A1 (es) 1976-09-01
DE2345720A1 (de) 1974-04-04
FR2201527A1 (de) 1974-04-26
IT996752B (it) 1975-12-10
FR2201527B1 (de) 1979-01-05
BE839463Q (fr) 1976-07-01
NL7213274A (de) 1974-04-02
JPS4971477A (de) 1974-07-10
ES419173A1 (es) 1976-04-01
GB1450084A (en) 1976-09-22
JPS5650018U (de) 1981-05-02

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