US3851217A - Voltage surge arrester - Google Patents

Voltage surge arrester Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3851217A
US3851217A US00388640A US38864073A US3851217A US 3851217 A US3851217 A US 3851217A US 00388640 A US00388640 A US 00388640A US 38864073 A US38864073 A US 38864073A US 3851217 A US3851217 A US 3851217A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
switch
arrester
overvoltage
electro
response
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00388640A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
J Amsler
W Otto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rockwell Automation Switzerland GmbH
Original Assignee
Sprecher und Schuh AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sprecher und Schuh AG filed Critical Sprecher und Schuh AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3851217A publication Critical patent/US3851217A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/02—Means for extinguishing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/14—Means structurally associated with spark gap for protecting it against overload or for disconnecting it in case of failure

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A voltage surge or overvoltage arrester comprising at least one response element which becomes conductive upon the occurrence of a voltage surge which exceeds a certain boundary or limit and appears at the connection terminals of the overvoltage arrester, at least one extinguishing element for interrupting the arc supplied by the follower current and at least one arrester resistor connected in series with the extinguishing element and parallel impedances for controlling the voltage distribution.
  • the extinguishing element comprises a switch which can be actuated by an electro-dynamic drive.
  • the present invention relates to anew and improved construction of a voltage surge or overvoltage arrester having at least one response element which becomes conductive upon the occurrence of a voltage surge which exceeds a predetermined boundary or limit and which appears at the connection terminalsof the overvoltage arrester, and further incorporating at least one extinguishing element which interrupts the are supplied by the follower current and at least one arrester resistor connected in series with the extinguishing element as well as having parallel impedances for controlling the voltage distribution.
  • the rest voltage can be reduced for a given arrester surge current in that there are selected voltagedependent arrester resistors of large conductivity.
  • the follower current at the rated voltage is increased and thus its interruption is rendered more difficult.
  • Dropping of the response voltages can be attained by appropriately adjusting the normally pre-ionized ignition or firing distance of the response spark gaps or paths.
  • a reduction of the response voltage brings about the disadvantage that there is a smaller ratio of the response voltage to the recurring voltage. Therefore, there is necessary a sufficient re-ignition or re-striking strength of the response spark gap.
  • a prior art arrangement consists of an evacuated housing with a controlled vacuum spark gap serving as the extinguishing element, possessing primary electrodes and a trigger electrode, which is arranged near one of the aforementioned primary electrodes, however located at such a distance therefrom that a trigger spark gap or path is formed. Further, a trigger circuit is provided having a resistance network and a response spark gap system, which is connected electrically in series and parallel to the primary electrodes.
  • the response spark gap system which normally is not conductive, and which only becomes conductive upon the presence of a predetennined voltage which also appears between the primary electrodes, is arranged in such a way that the resistance network only then is placed into operation when the response spark gap system is conductive.
  • switching means which serve the purpose of delivering the voltage, which appears at the resistance network when the response spark gaps have responded,'to the controlled spark gap as a firing or ignition pulse.
  • the arc should extinguish at the response spark gaps when the vacuum spark gap has ignited. Extinguishing of the arc supplied by the follower current should occur at the vacuum spark gap. Until there appears the recurrent voltage at the response spark gaps there then expires a certain amount of time which is sufficient for restrengthening the cutoff or separation path.
  • the response spark gaps are parallelly connected to the vacuum spark gap which possesses a relatively high voltage drop when the arc burns. Since the voltage is thus not negligibly small at the response spark gap during the duration of ignition of the are at the vacuum spark gap, extinguishing of the are at the ignition spark gaps during the period of burning of the are at the vacuum spark gap is either very difficult or in fact even impossible.
  • the follower current must then be extinguished at the parallelly connected spark gap, at the response spark gaps and at the vacuum spark gap, whereby the vacuum spark gap no longer can be designated as the sole extinguishing element.
  • Another and more specific object of the present invention is to provide an improved construction of overvoltage or voltage surge arrester with separately arranged response elements and extinguishing elements, possessing slow responseand rest voltages and positively interrupting the follower current.
  • the extinguishing element is a switch which can be actuated by an electro-dynamic drive.
  • a particularly advantageous arrangement can be realized if the switch and the response elements are connected in series, wherein the switch is closed in the rest state.
  • the electro-dynamic drive which opens the switch during current flow across the arrester until extinguishing the arc, is connected in series with the response element and the switch. In therest position the movable contact elements are held' in position by at least one spring.
  • a further advantageous constructional embodiment of the invention resides in the features that the switch is connected parallel to the response element, the switch being opened in the rest state and possessing an arcing or flashover voltage which is above the response voltage of the response element.
  • the electro-dynamic drive which closes the switch during current flow through the arrester is connected in series with the response element.
  • the switch can be a vacuum switch, a closed gasblast switch with self-blowing characteristics or another suitable switch.
  • the gas-blast switch advantageously can be employed with a sulphur hexafluoride (SP extinguishing gas.
  • FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an overvoltage arrester with a vacuum switch as the extinguishing element connected in series with the response spark path;
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an overvoltage arrester with a vacuum switch as the extinguishing element connected in parallel with the response spark path;
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a further embodiment of overvoltage arrester with parallel connected responseand extinguishing elements, with response spark path and gas-blast switch;
  • FIG. 4 illustrates in cross-sectional view a portion of an overvoltage arrester with series connected response spark paths and extinguishing elements
  • FIG. 5 is a portion of an overvoltage arrester with parallel connected response spark paths and extinguishing elements.
  • FIG. 1 there is illustrated a schematic circuit diagram of an overvoltage arrester or voltage surge arrester, generally indicated by reference character V.
  • This arrester is connected by means of its connection terminals between the conductor 1 and ground 2.
  • the response element 3 of the arrester V responds, this response element consisting of a pre-ionized spark path or gap 3a.
  • the arrester surge current then flows via the closed vacuum switch 4, the auxiliary spark path or gap 5 which has responded and the resistor 6 to the arrester resistor arrangement 7, 8 and to ground 2.
  • the arrester resistor arrangement 7, 8 consists of the parallel circuit connection of the linear resistor 7 primarily provided for the follower current and the voltagedependent resistor 8 intended for arresting or dissipating the surge current.
  • the electro-dynamic drive D consists of an electromagnet with a head or pot-shaped core 10 and an armature 11. Traction or tension springs 12 retain the vacuum switch 4 closed in the rest position.
  • the response element 3 and the vacuum switch 4 are connected in parallel.
  • the vacuum switch 4 remains open in the rest position.
  • the response element 3 responds, this response element consisting of the pre-ionized spark gap or path 3a.
  • the arresting current surge flows via the auxiliary spark gap or path 5, which has responded, to the arrester resistors 7 and 8 and then to ground 2.
  • the spark path or gap 5 again extinguishes and the follower current is conducted via the excitation coil 17 of the E-core 18 connected with the vacuum switch 4.
  • the armature 19 which is forcelockingly or positively connected with the movable contact element 13 of the vacuum switch 4 is attracted against the force of the pressure of the compression springs 20 and the vacuum switch 4 is closed.
  • the spark path or gap 3 extinguishes and interrupts the follower current by means of the excitation coil 17 of the electro-dynamic drive of the vacuum switch 4.
  • the vacuum switch 4 again opens under the action of the springs 20 and the arc which prevails in the vacuum switch 4 is extinguished during the next null cross-over of the network-frequency follower current.
  • the insulation of the response element 3 can again build-up, so that upon occurrence of the recurring voltage there is not to be expected any reignition.
  • the potential control of the arrester occurs with the aid of the control resistors 14 and 21.
  • FIG. 3 there is again schematically illustrated a further exemplary embodiment of the overvoltage arrester depicted schematically in FIG. 2.
  • the response element 3 in this arrangement again consists of a spark path or gap 3a.
  • the switch 23 is a gas-blast switch with a self-blowing action and is filled with for instance sulphur hexafluoride (SF as the extinguishing gas.
  • SF sulphur hexafluoride
  • the auxiliary spark path 24 extinguishes, and the follower current is delivered to the excitation coil 25 of the electro-dynamic drive D of the switch 23.
  • the movable switching pin 26 of the gas-blast switch 23 is retained in the rest position in an intermediate position by the springs 27 and 28.
  • the follower current which flows through the excitation coil 25, brings about that the armature 29 which is force-lockingly or positively connected with the switching pin 26 will be moved upwardly towards the E-core 30 of the drive, so that the switch 23 closes.
  • the follower current commutates from the spark gap or path 3 to the switch 23. Now the excitation coil 25 is without current.
  • the overvoltage arrester which has been partially shown in sectional view in FIG. 4 is accommodated in a housing 33 formed of a suitable insulating material.
  • the housing 33 is closed at the top and bottom by suitable and therefore not particularly illustrated caps which carry the connection terminals.
  • FIG. 4 there has only been shown a part of the overvoltage arrester consisting of a number of similar constructed units which are arranged in stack formation in the common housing 33. The construction of the units extensively corresponds to the schematic circuit diagram of FIG. 1.
  • the units consist of the pre-ionized spark paths 3a of the response elements 3 which are connected in parallel with the control resistors 14, the vacuum switch 4 with the electro-dynamic drive D, the auxiliary spark gap or path 5, the linear arrester resistor 7, the voltagedependent arrester resistor 8 and the control resistors and 16.
  • the movable contact or contact element 13 of the vacuum switch 4 is force-lockingly connected with the armature 11 consisting of a ferro-magnetic material.
  • the pot-shaped core 10 carries the excitation coil 9 and the compression springs 34 providing the requisite contact pressure for the vacuum switch 4.
  • the auxiliary spark gap or path 5 is formed between the floor of the pot core 10 and the ring-shaped raised portion 36 formed at the intermediate plate 35.
  • the follower current flows via the excitation coil 9.
  • the armature 11 is attracted towards the pot-shaped core 10, whereby the check valve 37 is opened and the gas can flow out of the smaller size space between the armature l1 and the pot-shaped core 10.
  • the follower current becomes null then the armature 11 is pushed-up by the compression spring 34 and the vacuum switch 4 is closed.
  • the return flow of the gas in the space between the armature 11 and the potshaped core 10 is slowed down. The gas can only flow back in this space through the small hole or bore 38, so that there is realized the desired delay of the closing movement of the vacuum switch 4.
  • the elements which can be stacked upon one another of the overvoltage arrester depicted in FIG. 5 consist of the pre-ionized response spark paths 3a of the response elements which are connected parallel to the control resistors 14, the vacuum switches 4 with the electro-magnetic drives D and each of which vacuum switch is arranged concentric to the response spark paths, the auxiliary spark path 24, the control resistor 15, the linear arrester resistor 7 and the voltagedependent arrester resistor 8.
  • the movable contact element 13 of the vacuum switch 4 is force-lockingly connected with two armatures 39 and 40 of two E-magnets 41 and 42 of the associated electro-dynamic drive D.
  • the auxiliary spark path 24 Upon response of the spark paths or gaps 3a the auxiliary spark path 24 also ignites, so that the arrester surge current can be conducted to the arrester resistors 7 and 8. After decay of the arrester surge current the auxiliary spark path extinguishes and the follower current flows through the excitation winding or coil 43. The E- magnet attracts the armature 40 and thus switches-in the vacuum switch. The are extinguishes at the spark paths 3a because it has become short-circuited by the vacuum switch. Now the follower current flows via the excitation core 44, with the result that the E-magnetic 41 attracts the armature 39 and the vacuum switch 4 is switched-off.
  • the movable contact element 13 of such vacuum switch 4 After extinguishing of the arc in the vacuum switch 4 the movable contact element 13 of such vacuum switch 4 returns back into the rest position detemiined by the resilient closure membrane or diaphragm 45 of the vacuum switch 4.
  • the intermediate elements 46 and 47 which are formed of metal surround the electro-dynamic drive and screen such against foreign electro-magnetic fields.
  • the stacked elements are housed in a cylinder 48 formed of a suitable insulating material.
  • An overvoltage arrester comprising at least one response element which becomes conductive upon occurrence of an overvoltage which exceeds a certain boundary value, said overvoltage appearing at connection terminals of the overvoltage arrester, at least one extinguishing element for interrupting an arc supplied by the follower current, at least one arrester resistor connected in series with the extinguishing element, parallel impedances for controlling the voltage distribution, said extinguishing element comprising a switch, and an electro-dynamic drive for actuating said switch, said switch being connected in parallel with the response element, the switch in its rest state being opened and possessing a flashover voltage which is above the response voltage of the response element.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Protection Of Static Devices (AREA)
US00388640A 1972-09-08 1973-08-15 Voltage surge arrester Expired - Lifetime US3851217A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1320172A CH538767A (de) 1972-09-08 1972-09-08 Uberspannungsableiter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3851217A true US3851217A (en) 1974-11-26

Family

ID=4390280

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00388640A Expired - Lifetime US3851217A (en) 1972-09-08 1973-08-15 Voltage surge arrester

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3851217A (da)
JP (1) JPS4968240A (da)
AT (1) AT319372B (da)
CH (1) CH538767A (da)
DE (1) DE2323735A1 (da)
ES (1) ES418590A1 (da)
FR (1) FR2199213B1 (da)
SE (1) SE380138B (da)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040144059A1 (en) * 1999-04-05 2004-07-29 Firouzeh Keshmiri Cementitious based structural lumber product and externally reinforced lighweight retaining wall system
CN105556636A (zh) * 2013-08-30 2016-05-04 菲尼克斯电气公司 过电压保护装置的保险器

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2948831A (en) * 1956-08-01 1960-08-09 Mc Graw Edison Co Overvoltage protective gaps
US3093772A (en) * 1957-05-09 1963-06-11 Ass Elect Ind Manchester Ltd Surge diverters
US3510726A (en) * 1967-10-31 1970-05-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp Grading and cascading circuit for lightning arresters having a plurality of spark gaps

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2948831A (en) * 1956-08-01 1960-08-09 Mc Graw Edison Co Overvoltage protective gaps
US3093772A (en) * 1957-05-09 1963-06-11 Ass Elect Ind Manchester Ltd Surge diverters
US3510726A (en) * 1967-10-31 1970-05-05 Westinghouse Electric Corp Grading and cascading circuit for lightning arresters having a plurality of spark gaps

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040144059A1 (en) * 1999-04-05 2004-07-29 Firouzeh Keshmiri Cementitious based structural lumber product and externally reinforced lighweight retaining wall system
CN105556636A (zh) * 2013-08-30 2016-05-04 菲尼克斯电气公司 过电压保护装置的保险器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH538767A (de) 1973-06-30
AT319372B (de) 1974-12-27
FR2199213A1 (da) 1974-04-05
DE2323735A1 (de) 1974-03-14
SE380138B (da) 1975-10-27
FR2199213B1 (da) 1977-02-25
ES418590A1 (es) 1976-04-01
JPS4968240A (da) 1974-07-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US508652A (en) Electric cut-out
US4408173A (en) Electric switch
US5391930A (en) Circuit breaker with parallel resistor
US20150221464A1 (en) Pole part of a medium voltage circuit breaker arrangement comprising a triggered gap unit
JPS5878335A (ja) 電力しや断器
US3851217A (en) Voltage surge arrester
US2281385A (en) Electric circuit breaker
CA1185652A (en) Metal structure grounding safety system
US4370636A (en) Electromagnetic dual break contactor
US3151274A (en) Current limiting lightning arrester using porous material in the gap structure
US3813507A (en) Synchronous puffer circuit breaker
US4503302A (en) Arc interrupter
US3911239A (en) Vacuum arc devices with non-welding contacts
US3448343A (en) Combined overvoltage protective device and conductor support
US2261020A (en) Circuit interrupting device
US20190371553A1 (en) High-voltage large-current relay
EP0054834A1 (en) Arc restricting device for a circuit breaker
US3151273A (en) Current limiting lightning arrester with porous gap structure
JPH04230916A (ja) 負荷スイッチまたは負荷遮断スイッチおよびヒューズを有するスイッチング回路装置
US3489951A (en) Circuit interrupting means for a high voltage d-c circuit
US3891893A (en) High-voltage power switch
US3435288A (en) Circuit interrupting means for a high voltage d-c circuit
US3585449A (en) Circuit interrupter with triggered vacuum gap
US3452173A (en) Selectively positioned interposed vertical transfer gap
US3393285A (en) Contact arrangements in oil circuit interrupter