US3850585A - Composite article - Google Patents

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Publication number
US3850585A
US3850585A US00316177A US31617772A US3850585A US 3850585 A US3850585 A US 3850585A US 00316177 A US00316177 A US 00316177A US 31617772 A US31617772 A US 31617772A US 3850585 A US3850585 A US 3850585A
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United States
Prior art keywords
percent
alloy
aluminum
cladding
core
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00316177A
Inventor
T Webb
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Reynolds Metals Co
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Reynolds Metals Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Reynolds Metals Co filed Critical Reynolds Metals Co
Priority to US00316177A priority Critical patent/US3850585A/en
Priority to US474883A priority patent/US3893823A/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/016—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
    • A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
    • H05K1/05—Insulated conductive substrates, e.g. insulated metal substrate
    • H05K1/053—Insulated conductive substrates, e.g. insulated metal substrate the metal substrate being covered by an inorganic insulating layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9265—Special properties
    • Y10S428/931—Components of differing electric conductivity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12736—Al-base component
    • Y10T428/12764—Next to Al-base component

Definitions

  • An alclad sheet product suitable for porcelain enameling, having an aluminous metal cladding layer of 3003 alloy, for example, and an adjoining layer of an aluminum base alloy containing about 2 to 3 percent copper, up to about 0.4 percent manganese, and about 0.2 to 0.6 percent magnesium.
  • the present invention relates to a composite aluminous metal article, typically in sheet form, having an outer cladding layer suitable for porcelain enameling and an adjoining core layer which is susceptible to strengthening under thermal conditions incident to porcelainizing treatment.
  • the composite is adapted for such uses as making coated aluminum utensils, including those having an interior non-stick coating, and the core and cladding layers are selected to provide-improved resistance to exfoliation and blistering.
  • Aluminum utensils are commonly'provided with a TFE coating on their interior cooking surfaces. Porcelain enameling is used to finish the exterior surfaces of these and other products made of clad composites.
  • the aluminous materials used for such purposes may be a commercial grade of aluminum (lXXX series) or a high aluminum content alloy such as 3,003, either along or as cladding on a stronger base alloy providing greater rigidity.
  • Two such clad composites previously used are 3,003 clad 7,005-type alloy and 1,100 clad 7,004-type alloy.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an alclad composite exhibiting improved resistance against such attack, while still employing conventional cladding materials adapted for porcelain enameling.
  • the cladding layer is bonded to a base layer of an alloy consisting essentially of aluminum, about 2 to 3 percent copper, up to about 0.4 percent manganese, and about 0.2 to 0.6 percent magnesium by weight.
  • This alloy may also contain the usual incidental impurities as well as minor alloying elements in customary amounts for recognized purposes, including, for example, up to about 0.8 percent silicon, 0.7 percent iron, 0.1 percent chromium, 0.25 percent zinc and 0.2 percent titanium.
  • the cladding may be applied on one or both surfaces of the base layer.
  • a preferred cladding alloy is 3,003, but other conventional aluminous metal cladding materials are suitable, such as aluminum and high aluminum content alloys capable of affording electrolytic protection, particularly those of the IXXX and 3XXX series (Aluminum Association designation).
  • An ingot was prepared having a core composed of a copper-bearing aluminum base alloy and having 3,003 alloy cladding (10 percent) on both sides, then rolled to 0.102" gage, blanked into suitable circles, and subjected to thermal treatment to simulate porcelainizing and TFE coating cycles.
  • the core composition (alloy X2,036) in weight percentages was:
  • reference specimens were prepared from conventional 3,003 clad 7,005- type alloy; Exfoliation tests (5-day MASTMAASTS standard) were performed on annealed materials, and also on those treated for 10 minutes at 1000F. and fan cooled (to simulate porcelaining) and for 15 minutes at 750F. and air cooled (to simulate TFE coating).
  • the conventional materials showed moderate to severe blistering both in annealed and heat treated condition.
  • the composite materials ofv the present invention showed only slight pitting (no blistering or exfoliation attack) in either condition.
  • a clad product of this sort is known commercially as Type 36 porcelain enameling sheet. Its core alloy X2036 was registered with the U.S. Aluminum Association on Aug. 13, 1970, by the assignee of this application.
  • Alclad X2036 alloy in the form of such porcelain enameling sheet (PE-36) is suitable for conventional fabricating operations incident to making various types -of cooking utensils, particularly pans and the like having a TFE non-stick coating or a porcelain enamel coating, or both, and such coatings are readily applied to a cladding surface of the composite sheet.
  • the invention embraces the clad product itself, its use in making cooking utensils, and the method of applying such coatmgs.
  • Alclad is used here in the accepted sense to indicate a bonded composite having a layer of aluminum or corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy which is anodic to the core of structurally stronger aluminum alloy it covers, thus physically and electrolytically protecting sium and up to about 0.4 percent manganese by weight.
  • Type PE36 porcelain enameling sheet comprising an aluminum base alloy core consisting essentially of aluminum, 2.2 to 3.0 percent copper, 0.3 to 0.6 percent magnesium and 0.10 to 0.40 percent manganese by weight; and a cladding of alloy 3,003 that is anodic to said core alloy and effective cooperatively therewith to avoid exfoliation and blistering.
  • An article comprising a clad composite having a said cladding on both sides of the sheet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

An alclad sheet product, suitable for porcelain enameling, having an aluminous metal cladding layer of 3003 alloy, for example, and an adjoining layer of an aluminum base alloy containing about 2 to 3 percent copper, up to about 0.4 percent manganese, and about 0.2 to 0.6 percent magnesium.

Description

ilnited StatesPatent Webb Nov. 26, 1974 COMPOSITE ARTICLE 1,975,105 10/1934 Keller 29/1975 1751 Invent Thomas Webb, Richmond, v 5:133:33?) 311322 5221211111.... 11111111 1111133113312 [73] Assignee; Reynolds Metals Company 3,482,951 12/1969 Hubbell 29/197.5
Richmond, Va. OTHER PUBLICATIONS [22] Fil d; 13, 1972 Metals Handbook, Vol. 1, 8th Edition, Published [63] Continuation of Ser. No. 78,276, Oct. 5, 1970,
abandoned.
[52] US. Cl. 29/1975 [51] Int. Cl B32b 15/00 [58] Field of Search 29/1975 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,805,448 5/1931 Frary 29/1975 1.865.089 6/1932 Dix 29/1975 Appl. No.: 316,177
Related US. Application Data 1961, American Society for Metals, p. 917.
Primary Examinerl'lyland Bizot Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Glenn, Palmer, Lyne & Gibbs ABSTRACT An alclad sheet product, suitable for porcelain enameling, having an aluminous metal cladding layer of 3003 alloy, for example, and an adjoining layer of an aluminum base alloy containing about 2 to 3 percent copper, up to about 0.4 percent manganese, and about 0.2 to 0.6 percent magnesium.
7 Claims, N0 Drawings COMPOSITE ARTICLE This application is a continuation of Ser. No. 78,276 filed On Oct. 5, 1970, now abandoned.
The present invention relates to a composite aluminous metal article, typically in sheet form, having an outer cladding layer suitable for porcelain enameling and an adjoining core layer which is susceptible to strengthening under thermal conditions incident to porcelainizing treatment. The composite is adapted for such uses as making coated aluminum utensils, including those having an interior non-stick coating, and the core and cladding layers are selected to provide-improved resistance to exfoliation and blistering.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Aluminum utensils are commonly'provided with a TFE coating on their interior cooking surfaces. Porcelain enameling is used to finish the exterior surfaces of these and other products made of clad composites. The aluminous materials used for such purposes may be a commercial grade of aluminum (lXXX series) or a high aluminum content alloy such as 3,003, either along or as cladding on a stronger base alloy providing greater rigidity. Two such clad composites previously used are 3,003 clad 7,005-type alloy and 1,100 clad 7,004-type alloy.
In these applications a cladding of 1,100 or 3,003 aluminum has been selected primarily on the basis of its suitability for porcelainizing or TFE coating operations, while the 7,004 and 7,005 type alloys have been chosen for their responsiveness to strengthening under thermal conditions incident to such operations. It has been found that the resulting combinations are less than ideal, however, because thesev cladding materials are not sufficiently anodic to such core alloys to provide electrolytic protection.'Thus, in the event of a scratch or other discontinuity which allows access of corrosive food constituents or water and other substances used for cleaning purposes, a form of corrosion may occur which tends to spread laterally along and through the core layer, resulting in exfoliation and blistering.
An object of the present invention is to provide an alclad composite exhibiting improved resistance against such attack, while still employing conventional cladding materials adapted for porcelain enameling.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It has been found that an alclad copper-bearing aluminum base core alloy provides improved results with respect to corrosion resistance of the composite, in that such an alloy serves to limit attack to minor pitting of a localized nature. In accordance with the invention,
the cladding layer is bonded to a base layer of an alloy consisting essentially of aluminum, about 2 to 3 percent copper, up to about 0.4 percent manganese, and about 0.2 to 0.6 percent magnesium by weight. This alloy may also contain the usual incidental impurities as well as minor alloying elements in customary amounts for recognized purposes, including, for example, up to about 0.8 percent silicon, 0.7 percent iron, 0.1 percent chromium, 0.25 percent zinc and 0.2 percent titanium.
The cladding may be applied on one or both surfaces of the base layer. A preferred cladding alloy is 3,003, but other conventional aluminous metal cladding materials are suitable, such as aluminum and high aluminum content alloys capable of affording electrolytic protection, particularly those of the IXXX and 3XXX series (Aluminum Association designation).
EXAMPLE The following example illustrates the practice of the invention and its presently preferred embodiment:
An ingot was prepared having a core composed of a copper-bearing aluminum base alloy and having 3,003 alloy cladding (10 percent) on both sides, then rolled to 0.102" gage, blanked into suitable circles, and subjected to thermal treatment to simulate porcelainizing and TFE coating cycles. The core composition (alloy X2,036) in weight percentages was:
0.50 max. Si
0.50 max. Fe 2.2-3.0 Cu 0.10-0.40 Mn 0.30-0.6 Mg 0.10 max. Cr 0.25 max. Zn 0.15 max. -Ti
. Others, each .05 max.
total 0.15 max. Balance aluminum.
For purposes of comparison, reference specimens were prepared from conventional 3,003 clad 7,005- type alloy; Exfoliation tests (5-day MASTMAASTS standard) were performed on annealed materials, and also on those treated for 10 minutes at 1000F. and fan cooled (to simulate porcelaining) and for 15 minutes at 750F. and air cooled (to simulate TFE coating).
The conventional materials showed moderate to severe blistering both in annealed and heat treated condition.
In contrast, the composite materials ofv the present invention showed only slight pitting (no blistering or exfoliation attack) in either condition.
A clad product of this sort is known commercially as Type 36 porcelain enameling sheet. Its core alloy X2036 was registered with the U.S. Aluminum Association on Aug. 13, 1970, by the assignee of this application.
Alclad X2036 alloy in the form of such porcelain enameling sheet (PE-36) is suitable for conventional fabricating operations incident to making various types -of cooking utensils, particularly pans and the like having a TFE non-stick coating or a porcelain enamel coating, or both, and such coatings are readily applied to a cladding surface of the composite sheet. The invention embraces the clad product itself, its use in making cooking utensils, and the method of applying such coatmgs.
The term Alclad is used here in the accepted sense to indicate a bonded composite having a layer of aluminum or corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy which is anodic to the core of structurally stronger aluminum alloy it covers, thus physically and electrolytically protecting sium and up to about 0.4 percent manganese by weight.
3. Type PE36 porcelain enameling sheet comprising an aluminum base alloy core consisting essentially of aluminum, 2.2 to 3.0 percent copper, 0.3 to 0.6 percent magnesium and 0.10 to 0.40 percent manganese by weight; and a cladding of alloy 3,003 that is anodic to said core alloy and effective cooperatively therewith to avoid exfoliation and blistering.
4. A cooking utensil made of sheet according to claim 3.
5. An article comprising a clad composite having a said cladding on both sides of the sheet.
P0405) "UNITED STATES PA' ENT ()FFECE CER'HFLCAAE M QQRREQTWN Patent No. 3,850,585 Dated Nov. 26, 1974 Invenwfls) T omas B. Webb It is certified that: error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
T "E I I In col. 1 at lines 23, 26, 27, 28,31 and 66";=:- in col. 2 at lines 9 l4 and 27; in line 1 of cl aim l, in line 1 of elairh 2 in line 5 of claim 3 and in line 2 of claim 5, no comma {should be pfesent in any of .the four-digit alloy designations. Thus, for
3,003" read -3003- and for "1,100" read -ll0 0-.
Signed and sealed this 18th day of February 1975.
(SEAL) Attest: I
c. MARSHALL DANN RUTH C: MASON v Commissioner 0f Patents Attestlng Officer and Trademarks."

Claims (7)

1. A CLAD ARTICLE HAVING A CLADDING OF 1,100 ALUMINUM ON A CORE ALLOY CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF ALUMINUM, ABOUT 2 TO 3 PERCENT COPPER, ABOUT 0.2 TO 0.6 PERCENT MAGNESIUM AND UP TO ABOUT 0.4 PERCENT MANGANESE BY WEIGHT.
2. A clad article having a cladding of 3,003 alloy on a core alloy consisting essentially of aluminum, about 2 to 3 percent copper, about 0.2 to 0.6 percent magnesium and up to about 0.4 percent manganese by weight.
3. Type PE36 porcelain enameling sheet comprising an aluminum base alloy core consisting essentially of aluminum, 2.2 to 3.0 percent copper, 0.3 to 0.6 percent magnesium and 0.10 to 0.40 percent manganese by weight; and a cladding of alloy 3,003 that is anodic to said core alloy and effective cooperatively therewith to avoid exfoliation and blistering.
4. A cooking utensil made of sheet according to claim 3.
5. An article comprising a clad composite having a cladding layer composed of aluminum base alloy 3,003, and an adjoining core layer of an alloy consisting essentially of aluminum, about 2.2 to 3 percent copper, about 0.10 to 0.40 percent manganese and about 0.30 to 0.6 percent magnesium, by weight, with incidental elements and impurities not exceeding 0.8 percent silicon, 0.7 percent iron, 0.1 percent chromium, 0.25 percent zinc and 0.2 percent titanium.
6. The article of claim 5 in the form of sheet.
7. The article of claim 5 in the form of sheet, having said cladding on both sides of the sheet.
US00316177A 1970-10-05 1972-12-18 Composite article Expired - Lifetime US3850585A (en)

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US474883A US3893823A (en) 1972-12-18 1974-05-31 Cladding system

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4035201A (en) * 1975-06-30 1977-07-12 Aluminum Company Of America Method of making a container including an aluminum panel having a portion removable by tearing

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1805448A (en) * 1929-11-30 1931-05-12 Aluminum Co Of America Corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy article
US1865089A (en) * 1927-01-22 1932-06-28 Aluminum Co Of America Corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy articles and method of making the same
US1975105A (en) * 1934-10-02 Duplex metal article
US2122535A (en) * 1937-01-12 1938-07-05 Aluminum Co Of America Duplex metal article
US3400450A (en) * 1965-11-10 1968-09-10 Aluminum Co Of America Method of forming ferrous sheet faced with aluminum
US3482951A (en) * 1967-07-19 1969-12-09 Robertson Co H H Porcelain enameled aluminum articles

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1975105A (en) * 1934-10-02 Duplex metal article
US1865089A (en) * 1927-01-22 1932-06-28 Aluminum Co Of America Corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy articles and method of making the same
US1805448A (en) * 1929-11-30 1931-05-12 Aluminum Co Of America Corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy article
US2122535A (en) * 1937-01-12 1938-07-05 Aluminum Co Of America Duplex metal article
US3400450A (en) * 1965-11-10 1968-09-10 Aluminum Co Of America Method of forming ferrous sheet faced with aluminum
US3482951A (en) * 1967-07-19 1969-12-09 Robertson Co H H Porcelain enameled aluminum articles

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Metals Handbook , Vol. 1, 8th Edition, Published 1961, American Society for Metals, p. 917. *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4035201A (en) * 1975-06-30 1977-07-12 Aluminum Company Of America Method of making a container including an aluminum panel having a portion removable by tearing

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