US3849272A - Process for exact electrochemical working of workpieces of different shape - Google Patents

Process for exact electrochemical working of workpieces of different shape Download PDF

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Publication number
US3849272A
US3849272A US00189634A US18963471A US3849272A US 3849272 A US3849272 A US 3849272A US 00189634 A US00189634 A US 00189634A US 18963471 A US18963471 A US 18963471A US 3849272 A US3849272 A US 3849272A
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United States
Prior art keywords
working
workpiece
tool
sin2
alpha
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00189634A
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English (en)
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J Zubak
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VYSKUMNY USTAV AUTOMATIZACIE A
VYSKUMNY USTAV AUTOMATIZACIE A MECHANIZACIE CS
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VYSKUMNY USTAV AUTOMATIZACIE A
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte
    • B23H3/04—Electrodes specially adapted therefor or their manufacture
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
    • B23H3/00—Electrochemical machining, i.e. removing metal by passing current between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of an electrolyte

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Working of workpieces by the electrochemical method, which workpieces have surfaces inclined with respect to the direction of relative advance of tool to workpiece. At least one of the working parameters, such as voltage, conductivity of the electrolyte, surface of electrode, and/or time of working is adjusted with respect to the parameter applied for working of surfaces perpendicular to the direction of relative advance of tool and workpiece.
  • the electrochemical working of workpieces of different shape as performed according to actually known methods lacks the required accuracy.
  • An accurate shape of the workpiece corresponding to the shape of the tool is in particular not achieved, if some portion of the worked surface of the workpiece is inclined with respect to the direction of the relative advance of tool and workpiece.
  • a gap corresponding to the condition of equilibrium is created between the tool and the workpiece.
  • This gap achieves different magnitudes, wherein the actual gap between surfaces perpendicular to the advance is smaller than the actual gap between surfaces which are inclined with respect to the relative advance of tool and workpiece. The consequence thereof is, that the tool does not fit exactly into the workpiece after the piece is finished and gaps are always left at the lateral surfaces.
  • a method for the electrochemical working of pieces in which for surfaces of the tool, which are inclined at a constant or variable angle different from a right angle with respect to the direction of the relative advance of tool and workpiece, at least one of the working parameters is adjusted such as the voltage, the conductivity of the electrolyte, the surface of the working electrode, and- /or the time of working with respect to those parameters for working of surfaces which are perpendicular to the relative advance of tool and workpiece.
  • FIG. 1 shows those conditions occurring in the course of electrochemical working of two surfaces, one of which is perpendicular, the other at an acute angle with respect to the relative advance of tool and workpiece.
  • FIG. 2 is a similar view, indicating those conditions occurring, where the lateral surface is worked for a limited time with respect to the front surface.
  • FIG. 3 shows in axial cross section the adjustment of the working electrode either by changing its voltage or by using different times of working
  • FIG. 4 an axial cross section of a rotating conical working electrode, parts of the surfaces of which are mutually electrically isolated,
  • FIG. 5 indicates in axial cross section adjustments of a working electrode achieving changes of conductivity of the electrolyte in the working gap.
  • Equation (2) If we include the working parameters into equation (2) we obtain 11,, d /sin a E.H. Vsp/Ve sin a E.H/8 sin a E.H.S/I.sin a (3) where E is the voltage between tool and workpiece H the conductivity of the electrolyte Vsp the specific removal of material S the surface of the electrode I the working current Ve speed of advance between tool and workpiece.
  • the working electrode for electrochemical working according to this invention has to be adjusted according to the working parameter, which is to be selected for adjusting.
  • a working electrode 1 is shown suitable for adjustment of the voltage E for example.
  • the current is supplied directly on to the stern part of the electrode 1 which has a face working the front surface of the workpiece.
  • the electrode 1 includes side parts 2 and 2a the faces of which are at acute angles to the front face of the electrode and to the direction of travel.
  • the parts 2 and 2a are secured to the electrode stem but are electrically insulated therefrom.
  • Current is supplied to each of the parts separately by respective resistors R and R which are connected to the stem part of the electrode 1 to which the current has already been supplied.
  • these parts 2 and 2a may be connected to another independent source of current of a suitable voltage to comply with the conditions E1, E2 E.Sin a1, E Sin 0L2.
  • a less pretentious or complex method is to connect the individual parts of the working electrode 1 to the same source of current via a time switch (not shown on the drawing) which is adjusted to switch on different parts of the electrode for a certain time interval t so that t t min a t.sin a where working electrodes of rotational shape can be used, such as conical or spherical shapes or of disk shape, and it will be most advantageous to reduce parts of the working surface so as to comply with the condition S S S I S.sin a S.sin bz and to impart to the electrode a simultaneous rotating motion. After this adjustment the adjusted parameter remains stable and cannot be changed and therefore the working accuracy is not influenced by any changes of the remaining parameters.
  • a working electrode 1 as shown in FIG. 4, where a part 5 of its circumference is electrically isolated for instance by polyethylene coating, so that only part 4 of the inclined surface takes part in the working.
  • the working surface, of the rotating working electrode can be divided into two or more, but al least to two, parts, one isolated and one not isolated.
  • Such an arrangement of the working electrode is particularly suitable for shapes with variable inclination of the surface, for instance for spherical surfaces.
  • a channel 6 is provided in the center of this working electrode 1, through which channel 6 the liquid working electrolyte having the conductivity H passes at a predetermined overpressure p in an amount of Q liters per minute into the interelectrode space, i.e., into the working gap 7.'Pressurized air at an overpressure p at the amount of Q liters per minute is supplied by way of the opening 8 laterally of the channel 6.
  • the opening 8 terminates into the working gap 7 via a narrow slot 9 (about 0.05 to 0.1 mm).
  • the working electrolyte flowing through the channel 6 at the center of the working electrode 1 has a pressure about 2 to 8 kp higher that the pressure of air, so that its passage is safeguarded. Both parts of the working electrode are mutually electrically connected and supplied from a common source of current.
  • exact shape of the workpiece is thereafter obtained solely by maintenance of the correct relation of both components, passing through the working gap 7 so that (Q /Q (1.5 sin oz/l-sin a)
  • the method of accurate electrochemical working according to this invention safeguards the accuracy of the product according to the shape of the working electrode without corrections of its shape.
  • the magnitude of the lateral gap for adjustment of one of the working parameters is dependent on the magnitude of the front working gap. Only the ratio of these parameters needs to be checked, or permanently adjusted. Whereafter the remaining working parameters may be varied within wide limits without influencing the accuracy of working.
  • said workpiece has a plurality of inclined surfaces extending at different angles to the direction of movement of said electrode tool and wherein different voltages are applied to selected sections corresponding to the respective inclined surface.
  • step of adjusting the conductivity of said electrolyte comprising supplying pressurized air so that the ratio of the pressure of the supplied electrolyte to the pressure of air is (Qz/Q 1.5 sin all sin a) 2 wherein Q, is the amount of air pressure and Q is the amount of electrolyte pressure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
US00189634A 1970-12-08 1971-10-15 Process for exact electrochemical working of workpieces of different shape Expired - Lifetime US3849272A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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CS8247A CS172461B1 (show.php) 1970-12-08 1970-12-08

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US3849272A true US3849272A (en) 1974-11-19

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US00189634A Expired - Lifetime US3849272A (en) 1970-12-08 1971-10-15 Process for exact electrochemical working of workpieces of different shape

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US (1) US3849272A (show.php)
AT (1) AT310525B (show.php)
CS (1) CS172461B1 (show.php)
DE (1) DE2153843A1 (show.php)
GB (1) GB1376919A (show.php)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5078839A (en) * 1988-09-07 1992-01-07 Shizuoka Seiki Co., Ltd. Method for centering in an electrolytic finishing system
US6562226B1 (en) * 1998-12-09 2003-05-13 Anglia Polytechnic University Electrochemical machining method
US6736952B2 (en) * 2001-02-12 2004-05-18 Speedfam-Ipec Corporation Method and apparatus for electrochemical planarization of a workpiece
US20090297361A1 (en) * 2008-01-22 2009-12-03 United Technologies Corporation Minimization of fouling and fluid losses in turbine airfoils

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011082977B4 (de) * 2011-09-19 2015-07-02 MTU Aero Engines AG Elektrode zum elektrochemischen Bearbeiten eines Bauteils
DE102015204798B4 (de) * 2015-03-17 2019-03-21 MTU Aero Engines AG Verfahren zur Auslegung und/oder zur Überprüfung einer Elektrode zum elektrochemischen Abtragen, Elektrode zum elektrochemischen Abtragen und Verwendung der Elektrode zur Herstellung eines Bauteils

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5078839A (en) * 1988-09-07 1992-01-07 Shizuoka Seiki Co., Ltd. Method for centering in an electrolytic finishing system
US6562226B1 (en) * 1998-12-09 2003-05-13 Anglia Polytechnic University Electrochemical machining method
US6736952B2 (en) * 2001-02-12 2004-05-18 Speedfam-Ipec Corporation Method and apparatus for electrochemical planarization of a workpiece
US20040195110A1 (en) * 2001-02-12 2004-10-07 Speedfam-Ipec Corporation Method and apparatus for electrochemical planarization of a workpiece
US6974525B2 (en) 2001-02-12 2005-12-13 Speedfam-Ipec Corporation Method and apparatus for electrochemical planarization of a workpiece
US20060081460A1 (en) * 2001-02-12 2006-04-20 Speedfam-Ipec Corporation Method and apparatus for electrochemical planarization of a workpiece
US8268135B2 (en) 2001-02-12 2012-09-18 Novellus Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for electrochemical planarization of a workpiece
US20090297361A1 (en) * 2008-01-22 2009-12-03 United Technologies Corporation Minimization of fouling and fluid losses in turbine airfoils
US8511992B2 (en) * 2008-01-22 2013-08-20 United Technologies Corporation Minimization of fouling and fluid losses in turbine airfoils

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2153843A1 (de) 1972-06-22
AT310525B (de) 1973-10-10
CS172461B1 (show.php) 1977-01-28
GB1376919A (en) 1974-12-11

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