US3848305A - Roll for contact fusing thermoplastic particles to substrates - Google Patents

Roll for contact fusing thermoplastic particles to substrates Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3848305A
US3848305A US00317975A US31797572A US3848305A US 3848305 A US3848305 A US 3848305A US 00317975 A US00317975 A US 00317975A US 31797572 A US31797572 A US 31797572A US 3848305 A US3848305 A US 3848305A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
roll
cyclic siloxanes
coating
temperature
weight loss
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00317975A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
P Jachimiak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IBM Information Products Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US00317975A priority Critical patent/US3848305A/en
Priority to IT30206/73A priority patent/IT1006104B/it
Priority to FR7340557A priority patent/FR2211346B1/fr
Priority to GB5298773A priority patent/GB1444410A/en
Priority to CA186,212A priority patent/CA1023624A/en
Priority to DE19732363346 priority patent/DE2363346C3/de
Priority to JP48143656A priority patent/JPS5137786B2/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3848305A publication Critical patent/US3848305A/en
Assigned to MORGAN BANK reassignment MORGAN BANK SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: IBM INFORMATION PRODUCTS CORPORATION
Assigned to IBM INFORMATION PRODUCTS CORPORATION, 55 RAILROAD AVENUE, GREENWICH, CT 06830 A CORP OF DE reassignment IBM INFORMATION PRODUCTS CORPORATION, 55 RAILROAD AVENUE, GREENWICH, CT 06830 A CORP OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/20—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat
    • G03G15/2003—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat
    • G03G15/2014—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for fixing, e.g. by using heat using heat using contact heat
    • G03G15/2053—Structural details of heat elements, e.g. structure of roller or belt, eddy current, induction heating
    • G03G15/2057—Structural details of heat elements, e.g. structure of roller or belt, eddy current, induction heating relating to the chemical composition of the heat element and layers thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C08G77/32—Post-polymerisation treatment

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A fuser roll is coated with a silicone elastomer and heat and vacuum cured to remove the cyclic siloxanes to a state of constant weight loss to improve the release of paper and toner from the roll surface.
  • thermoplastic toner particles to a porous substrate such as paper in order to render the copies produced by the electrophotographic process, pennanent.
  • a porous substrate such as paper
  • the thermoplastic powder or toner can be fused by radiant heating, vapor fusing, conductive heating through the paper and fuser roll techniques such as hot rolls or high pressure rolls.
  • the fuser roll technique there has been two different approaches, that being the use of a rigid, or non-deforming hot roll and a compliant back-up roll and the other technique being the use of a rigid backup roll and a compliant hot roll.
  • the roll which is compliant is generally a sturdy rigid cylinder which is in turn coated with a layer of an elastomeric material which then is deformed in the pressure nip formed by it and its mating roll in the fuser roll apparatus, thus creating a footprint or width where the two roll surfaces intimately engage.
  • This footprint or nip is necessary due to the fact that two rigid rolls engaging each other would only provide line contact or at best a very very narrowcontact when engaging the paper and there would be insufficient residence time in which to transfer enough thermal energy to the toner to adequately soften and fuse the toner particles to the paper. If very high loads are applied to rolls with elastomer coating such as to simulate two high pressure metallic rolls, then the elastomer is subject to premature failure due to the very high stresses applied to the elastomer.
  • the preferable arrangement within fusing apparatuses implementing the fuser roll technique is to use a deformable or elastomeric coated fuser hot roll and a relatively rigid back-up roll.
  • Prior art fuser rolls have been coated with silicone elastomers and in some cases further encased in sleeves of low surface energy materials which do not contain cyclic siloxanesOther approaches to the release problem include use of low energy fillers such as polytetraflouroethylene. Other-fuser rolls use a higher energy roll. This sharp curve or shortened radius is beneficial to release of the copy from the surface of the hot roll since it is very difficult for the toned paper to traverse the short radius thus staying with and wrapping to the hot roll causing a paper feed failure.
  • silicone rubbers have a very low surface energy and are generally of the class of materials which are advantageous in this implementation.
  • silicone rubbers have several qualities which have prevented wide-spread commercialized use as roll fuser coatings.
  • the silicone rubbers have a very low surface energy at room temperature; however, when raised to elevated temperatures for the operation of the roll fuser, the silicone rubbers release properties are greatly deteriorated. Because of the deterioration of the release properties, paper and toner images have a tendency to adhere to the roll and wrap around the roll causing a fuser failure.
  • hot roll may be interchangeably used with that of fuser roll and designates the roll which is heated and is forced into engagement with the surface of the paper carrying the unfused toner image.
  • back-up roll is used in the sense that it engages the reverse side of the sheet from that carrying the unfused toner image and provides the backing force for the paper to cause intimate engagement between the hot roll surface and the toner image.
  • the deformable or elastomeric coated hot roll is preferable because the radius of the roll surface, when deformed, is a much sharper or shorter radius at the exit point of the nip than the undeformed radius of the It is the primary object of this invention to remove cyclic siloxanes from the elastomeric coating material to extend the useful life of a hot roll within a roll fusing apparatus.
  • the shortcomings of the prior art are overcome together with the accomplishment of the above objects by the removal of cyclic siloxanes from elastomeric silicone rubber materials used as hot roll fuser coatings.
  • the cyclic siloxanes are removed by a simultaneous, combination treatment of heating the coated roll structure to a temperature above the normal operating temperature of the roll and subjecting the roll and coating to a high vacuum during the heating process. This accelerates the removal of cyclic siloxanes and enhances the breakdown by any metastable crosslinks which would otherwise result in cyclic siloxanes liberation later in service in the fuser apparatus thus adversely affest nsrs pjae.
  • the FIGURE is a general curve illustrating the weight loss with time at a temperature for a silicone elastomer.
  • the above material is of the general form where n equals approximately 1,000. Contained in this material are two filler materials, a first filler material of silicon dioxide (SiO and a second filler material ferric oxide (Fe O In addition to the above three constituents, a fourthsonst tueutis atri un tional. s lane f, the f rm where R is an organic group.
  • dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is provided as a separate material.
  • the dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst is added to the four constituents listed above, to initiate the vulcanization or crosslinking of the basic composition. As the vulcanization or crosslinking progresses, an elastomeric, network structure is formed.
  • cyclic siloxanes of the general formula -LI tJt where n ranges from 3 to 8, and where the structure is formed into a ring.
  • the cyclic siloxanes are present as an impurity in the crosslinked polymer and also are formed by degradation of the polymeric crosslinked structure with thermal aging.
  • the chains in the crosslinked structure by natural phenomena, have some bonds which are weaker than others. When the material is heated, energy is provided by which these bonds may be broken and a segment of the longer chain is then separated from the crosslinked structure and continues to break down until such time as n of the general formula for cyclic siloxanes is in the range of from 3 to 8. At elevated temperatures these materials are then chemically stable and exist in either a liquid or vapor state depending on their individual melting and boiling points and the prevailing conditions.
  • the cyclic siloxanes have varying boiling points depending on the molecular weights. Some boiling points are sufficiently high that it is necessary to reduce the pressure to a vacuum to volatilize these materials rapidly enough to prevent a build-up of these products. The boiling points are set forth in Table I below.
  • the cure temperature must be above the operating temperature of the roll, preferably above the highest boiling point of the material to be removed. Thus, under a pressure of about 20 mms of Hg the cure temperature should be above 3 34F.
  • the tempe'rature of a roll in operation is approximately 340 to 380F.
  • a temperature of cure of 500F. is both adequate and high enough to provide efficiency of speed when coupled with a vacuum pressure of about 20 mm Hg.
  • cyclic siloxanes present in the polymer and formed as degradation products are apparently detrimental to release properties of the silicone rubber coating.
  • These cyclic siloxanes are very similar in general structure to materials which have been known as release agents, for example, Dow Corning 200 silicone liquid which is a polydimethylsiloxane.
  • the primary difference is thatthe cyclic siloxanes have a detrimental effect on the surface characteristicsof the silicone rubber.
  • the cyclic siloxanes have a tendency to make the rubber tacky or sticky whereas it generally has a relatively low surface energy level and thus would not be tacky, sticky, or adherent.
  • the prior art teaches the use of polydimethylsiloxanes as release agents, but these are taught with materials other than the silicone rubbers.
  • Examples are the use of polydimethylsiloxanes either on steel rolls or on a Teflon (Trademark of DuPont Corporation) surface. It becomes apparent from the difference in performance, that although these cyclic siloxanes may in some environ ments have a beneficial effect, in the present environment of a dry silicone elastomer hot roll, a deleterious effect is observed.
  • a roll core is fabricated to the desired dimensions and mounted in a lathe.
  • the RTV-60 silicone material is catalyzed using the dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst up to I approximately 0.50 percent by weight.
  • This mixture is then doctored onto the roll as the roll is revolved by the lathe, yielding a coating to 60 mils in thickness.
  • the roll is then continued to be rotated and cured at room temperature for approximately 24 hours. After the 24 hour curing-at room temperature, the roll temperature is elevated to approximately 150 F. for a four hour period to insure substantially complete vulcanization. After heat treating at 150F. for four hours, the coating of silicone rubber is ground to about a 25-50 mil thickness.
  • the roll After grinding to the desired thickness of coating, the roll is placed in a vacuum oven and the temperature of the roll is elevated to approximately 500 F. for a period of 24 hours.
  • the vacuum oven is operated at approximately 29 inches of Hg vacuum.
  • thjehigh temperatures of approximately 500 F. being substantially above the normal operating temperature of the hot roll, drives off as vapor the cyclic siloxanes which are the reaction residue of the crosslinking action as well as any cyclic siloxanes which were present in the original polymer.
  • the temperature at which the roll is maintained breaks any weak bonds in the crosslinked structure of the silicone elastomeric material, thus forming additional cyclic siloxanes.
  • the bonds which are broken are those which are least stable and which would break most easily upon the normal heating of the hot roll during operation.
  • the high vacuum which is imposed upon the roll during the heating assists the heat in volatilizing the cyclic siloxanes and removing them from the rubber roll.
  • FIG. 1 is a general graph of weight loss as a function of time at a preselected temperature and pressure for a sample of RTV-60.
  • the region of the curve, in FIG. 1, indicated as 10 illustrates what can be characterized as a transient condition during the period of time when the residual products of vulcanization or crosslinking specifically the cyclic si loxanes are being removed and during which time the temperature of the curing process is generating additional cyclic siloxanes due to the breakage of the weakest or metastable, polymeric bonds of the crosslinked elastomeric material.
  • Region 12 of the curve is the region at which stabilization occurs and the rate of removal is reduced due to the fact that excessive residual vulcanization products are no longer available for removal and that the only materials remaining for removal are those being generated on a continuing basis due to the elevated service temperature.
  • Region 14 of the curve illustrates the steady state condition which is accomplished as a result of the removal of the vulcanization products and the originally produced cyclic siloxanes due to an initial temperature increase.
  • the derivative of weight loss with respect to time yields a constant after the transient cyclic siloxanes have been removed.
  • the constant rate of weight loss may be secured under service conditioned by either attaining the constant rate under care, or curing to a high enough point on the curve in either region 10 or 12 that under a reduced service temperature and atmospheric pressure the rate of weight loss in service is substantially constant.
  • region 14 It is in that state or condition represented by region 14 where acceptable and reliable release properties of the roll fuser can be obtained.
  • the rate of weight loss in regions 10 and 12 may be increased by higher elevations of temperature and/or an increase in the vacuum applied. A decrease in vacuum and/or temperature will decrease the rate of weight loss in these regions 10 and 12 conversely.
  • the curve is a general one and with appropriate scale would be applicable to a roll under treatment or in service.
  • a roll for fusing thermoplastic granular material to a substrate said roll having a cylindrical core, and a coating on said core of a silicone elastomeric material, the improvement comprising:
  • a roll for fusing thermoplastic granular material to a substrate said roll having a cylindrical core, and a coating on said core of a silicone elastomeric material, the improvement comprising:
  • said coating having the volatile components thereof, reduced to below the level at which said coating has a substantially constant rate of weight loss for a selected temperature and under a selected nip pressure.
  • said volatile components are cyclic siloxanes having the basic unit structure of Where q aliitqjir a M

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fixing For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
US00317975A 1972-12-26 1972-12-26 Roll for contact fusing thermoplastic particles to substrates Expired - Lifetime US3848305A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00317975A US3848305A (en) 1972-12-26 1972-12-26 Roll for contact fusing thermoplastic particles to substrates
IT30206/73A IT1006104B (it) 1972-12-26 1973-10-17 Rullo per la fusione di particelle termoplastiche in particolare per macchine copiatrici elettrosati che
FR7340557A FR2211346B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-12-26 1973-11-06
GB5298773A GB1444410A (en) 1972-12-26 1973-11-15 Roller for fusing thermoplastic particles to substrates and a method of making such a roller
CA186,212A CA1023624A (en) 1972-12-26 1973-11-20 Roll for contact fusing thermoplastic particles to substrates
DE19732363346 DE2363346C3 (de) 1972-12-26 1973-12-20 Schmelzfixierrolle mit Silikonelastomer-Beschichtung
JP48143656A JPS5137786B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-12-26 1973-12-24

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00317975A US3848305A (en) 1972-12-26 1972-12-26 Roll for contact fusing thermoplastic particles to substrates

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3848305A true US3848305A (en) 1974-11-19

Family

ID=23236084

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00317975A Expired - Lifetime US3848305A (en) 1972-12-26 1972-12-26 Roll for contact fusing thermoplastic particles to substrates

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3848305A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5137786B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1023624A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2211346B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1444410A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1006104B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3968551A (en) * 1974-06-12 1976-07-13 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Adamite roll containing cobalt
US3987530A (en) * 1975-04-11 1976-10-26 International Business Machines Corporation Heat fuser roll and method of manufacture
US4029827A (en) * 1974-07-24 1977-06-14 Xerox Corporation Mercapto functional polyorganosiloxane release agents for fusers in electrostatic copiers
US4075390A (en) * 1974-08-14 1978-02-21 Xerox Corporation Fusing surface and method for fixing toner
US4136613A (en) * 1975-04-30 1979-01-30 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Fixing apparatus for electrostatic photography
US4188423A (en) * 1977-04-06 1980-02-12 Xerox Corporation Solvent extracted heat fuser member
US4280263A (en) * 1977-12-15 1981-07-28 International Business Machines Corporation Heat fuser roll and method of manufacture
US4303545A (en) * 1980-05-19 1981-12-01 International Business Machines Corporation Hot roll cleaning paste and method
US4355225A (en) * 1981-03-30 1982-10-19 Xerox Corporation Instant-on radiant fuser
US4357388A (en) * 1980-11-13 1982-11-02 International Business Machines Corporation Hot roll fuser
US4485066A (en) * 1983-02-08 1984-11-27 International Business Machines Corporation Method of making elastomer-coated hot roll
US4518655A (en) * 1983-11-25 1985-05-21 Xerox Corporation Fusing member for electrostatographic copiers
EP0172668A1 (en) * 1984-08-01 1986-02-26 Xerox Corporation Fuser member for electrostatographic copiers
US4719130A (en) * 1985-06-17 1988-01-12 Toray Silicone Co., Ltd. Method for producing a toner-fixer roll
US5443873A (en) * 1991-11-12 1995-08-22 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. Silicone rubber roller for electrophotography and method of producing the same
US5834584A (en) * 1991-11-12 1998-11-10 Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd. Silicone rubber roller for electrophotography and method of producing the same
US20050158472A1 (en) * 2002-02-18 2005-07-21 Joachim Karthauser Methods of treating polymeric subtrates

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4373239A (en) * 1980-02-27 1983-02-15 Xerox Corporation Fusing member for electrostatographic copiers
EP0570010A1 (en) * 1992-05-14 1993-11-18 Sumitomo Rubber Industries Limited Silicone rubber roller for electrophotography and method of producing the same

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3225419A (en) * 1963-11-12 1965-12-28 Interchem Corp Roller for applying fountain solution in lithographic printing
US3435500A (en) * 1964-10-14 1969-04-01 Xerox Corp Pressure roll and method of manufacturing
US3686731A (en) * 1969-10-07 1972-08-29 Shigeyoshi Koori Silicone rubber bonded to synthetic rubber utilizing organotrihalogenosilane as a primer
US3731358A (en) * 1971-05-20 1973-05-08 Addressograph Multigraph Roll for pressure fusing toner at elevated temperatures

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3225419A (en) * 1963-11-12 1965-12-28 Interchem Corp Roller for applying fountain solution in lithographic printing
US3435500A (en) * 1964-10-14 1969-04-01 Xerox Corp Pressure roll and method of manufacturing
US3686731A (en) * 1969-10-07 1972-08-29 Shigeyoshi Koori Silicone rubber bonded to synthetic rubber utilizing organotrihalogenosilane as a primer
US3731358A (en) * 1971-05-20 1973-05-08 Addressograph Multigraph Roll for pressure fusing toner at elevated temperatures

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3968551A (en) * 1974-06-12 1976-07-13 Hitachi Metals, Ltd. Adamite roll containing cobalt
US4029827A (en) * 1974-07-24 1977-06-14 Xerox Corporation Mercapto functional polyorganosiloxane release agents for fusers in electrostatic copiers
US4075390A (en) * 1974-08-14 1978-02-21 Xerox Corporation Fusing surface and method for fixing toner
US3987530A (en) * 1975-04-11 1976-10-26 International Business Machines Corporation Heat fuser roll and method of manufacture
US4136613A (en) * 1975-04-30 1979-01-30 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Fixing apparatus for electrostatic photography
US4188423A (en) * 1977-04-06 1980-02-12 Xerox Corporation Solvent extracted heat fuser member
US4280263A (en) * 1977-12-15 1981-07-28 International Business Machines Corporation Heat fuser roll and method of manufacture
US4303545A (en) * 1980-05-19 1981-12-01 International Business Machines Corporation Hot roll cleaning paste and method
US4357388A (en) * 1980-11-13 1982-11-02 International Business Machines Corporation Hot roll fuser
US4355225A (en) * 1981-03-30 1982-10-19 Xerox Corporation Instant-on radiant fuser
US4485066A (en) * 1983-02-08 1984-11-27 International Business Machines Corporation Method of making elastomer-coated hot roll
US4518655A (en) * 1983-11-25 1985-05-21 Xerox Corporation Fusing member for electrostatographic copiers
EP0172668A1 (en) * 1984-08-01 1986-02-26 Xerox Corporation Fuser member for electrostatographic copiers
US4719130A (en) * 1985-06-17 1988-01-12 Toray Silicone Co., Ltd. Method for producing a toner-fixer roll
US5443873A (en) * 1991-11-12 1995-08-22 Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. Silicone rubber roller for electrophotography and method of producing the same
US5834584A (en) * 1991-11-12 1998-11-10 Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd. Silicone rubber roller for electrophotography and method of producing the same
US20050158472A1 (en) * 2002-02-18 2005-07-21 Joachim Karthauser Methods of treating polymeric subtrates

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1444410A (en) 1976-07-28
FR2211346B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-03-11
FR2211346A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-07-19
CA1023624A (en) 1978-01-03
DE2363346B2 (de) 1975-06-26
JPS5137786B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-10-18
JPS4991647A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-09-02
IT1006104B (it) 1976-09-30
DE2363346A1 (de) 1974-07-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3848305A (en) Roll for contact fusing thermoplastic particles to substrates
EP0312468B1 (en) Toner fusing roll and method of production
US4925895A (en) Heat stabilized silicone elastomers
US4518655A (en) Fusing member for electrostatographic copiers
US3965065A (en) Method of improving the electrical properties of organopolysiloxane elastomers and compositions therefor
US5167883A (en) Method for reducing the quantity of siloxane oligomer in organopolysiloxane moldings
CA1068766A (en) Fusing surface with water-producing filler
JPS5969773A (ja) 非配合型シリコンオイルを用いる定着方法
CN101276167A (zh) 静电印刷装置用半导体硅橡胶构件的制备方法,以及含有它们的静电印刷装置用辊和带
EP0542522B1 (en) Silicone rubber roller for electrophotography
US4188423A (en) Solvent extracted heat fuser member
EP0206177B1 (en) Method for producing a toner-fixer roll
US4107389A (en) Fusing surface for fixing xerographic toner
US4357388A (en) Hot roll fuser
EP1209542B1 (en) Process for making a multilayer elastomeric coating
Kim et al. Corona-discharge-induced hydrophobicity loss and recovery of silicones
JPH0654405B2 (ja) 定着用ローラーの製造方法
US5834584A (en) Silicone rubber roller for electrophotography and method of producing the same
JPH0625431A (ja) 電子写真用シリコーンゴムローラおよびその製造方法
JPS6243182B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP0761762B1 (en) High resiliency fluorosilicone dispersion
EP0172668B1 (en) Fuser member for electrostatographic copiers
EP0570010A1 (en) Silicone rubber roller for electrophotography and method of producing the same
JPH0136626B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP3179548B2 (ja) スポンジロール

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: MORGAN BANK

Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:IBM INFORMATION PRODUCTS CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:005678/0062

Effective date: 19910327

Owner name: IBM INFORMATION PRODUCTS CORPORATION, 55 RAILROAD

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:005678/0098

Effective date: 19910326