US3848256A - Waveguide antenna - Google Patents

Waveguide antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
US3848256A
US3848256A US00423344A US42334473A US3848256A US 3848256 A US3848256 A US 3848256A US 00423344 A US00423344 A US 00423344A US 42334473 A US42334473 A US 42334473A US 3848256 A US3848256 A US 3848256A
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United States
Prior art keywords
waveguide
antenna
frequency
frequency scanning
elements
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00423344A
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English (en)
Inventor
G Craven
G Hockham
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International Standard Electric Corp
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International Standard Electric Corp
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Publication date
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
    • H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/22—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation in accordance with variation of frequency of radiated wave

Definitions

  • Frequency scan phased array antennas are directional antennas in which the angle of the radiated beam is a function of frequency. This is achieved by controlling the relative phase of excitation of individual elements in the array according to a predetermined phasefrequency characteristic. In order that the desired incremental phase change can be obtained with only a moderate frequency scan, it is necessary to employ a large total phase shift (a long electrical path) in each feeder section. Since the free space distance between adjacent elements of the array is only of the order of one half wavelength it becomes necessary greatly to increase the electrical length of the feeder sections which excite adjacent elements in the array.
  • One way of doing this is to employ a tortuous feeder path, i.e., one with many bends (a serpentine).
  • An alternative, and more sophisticated, method is to provide a feeder with a slow wave structure such as that occurring in a surface wave.
  • a frequency scanning waveguide antenna comprising a waveguide having a longitudinal axis, said waveguide being evanescent over the operating frequency band of said antenna; a plurality of capacitive elements within said waveguide each said element spaced apart from adjacent elements by a predetermined distance I and adjusted to provide a conjugate match condition for evanescent mode resonance; and a plurality of longitudinal radiating slots in the wall of said waveguide, each of said slots located midway between adjacent ones of said capacitive elements.
  • FIGS. I and 2 are schematic side and plan views respectively of a frequency scan waveguide antenna element with radiating slots;
  • FIG. 3 shows beam positions for the antenna of FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 4 shows beam positions for an antenna having a different period of radiating slots
  • FIG. 5 shows the measured beam angle as a function of frequency for the antenna of FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 6 shows the measured polar diagram of the antenna for different frequencies
  • FIG. 7 shows a termination arrangement for the antenna.
  • the waveguide contains capacitive elements, tuning screws 2, spaced apart by a distance land adjusted to give the necessary conjugate match condition to achieve evanescent mode resonance for energy transfer along the waveguide over the required pass band.
  • capacitive element may be used, for example, transverse slices of dielectric material.
  • Radiating longitudinal slots 3 are provided, as by milling, on alternate sides of the longitudinal center line of the waveguide either in the broad wall of the waveguide, as shown, or in the narrow wall.
  • the transverse center line of each slot is midway between adjacent resonators (the screws 2).
  • Image parameter theory is applicable to such networks analyzed on an impedance basis.
  • the bandwidth of the network depends on the length, 1, between resonators (the screws 2) and the propagation constant y.
  • the polar diagram of the antenna is determined by the relative phase and amplitude of the fields in the slots 3. If 4) is the phase shift per slot period L then the beam angles I' with respect to the normal of the array (X.-axis) are given by the following equation for the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows the scan range over the passband for the example L/ro V2.
  • the polar diagram is readily obtained once a knowledge of the field in the slots is known.
  • the beam angles are given by sin I r/2L 4) i 2p)
  • Typical measured polar diagrams are shown in FIG. 6, showing the change in beam angle with successive increases of frequency, each ofO.25 GHZ, from 5.25 to 5.75 Gl-lz, diagrams A, B and C respectively.
  • the last three, or possibly five, resonators are so constituted, so that residual energy is progressively absorbed and not reflected. There are no radiating slots in this terminating portion of the antenna.
  • the waveguide end is normally closed by a metal plate 4.
  • d. is significantly lower in weight than the serpentine or surface wave antenna
  • e. uses a waveguide of width less than /2 which permits stacking of linear arrays for wide angle azimuth scanning.
  • a frequency scanning waveguide antenna comprismg:
  • a waveguide having a longitudinal axis, said waveguide being evanescent over the operating frequency band of said antenna;

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  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US00423344A 1972-12-14 1973-12-10 Waveguide antenna Expired - Lifetime US3848256A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5769072A GB1409749A (en) 1972-12-14 1972-12-14 Waveguide antenna

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3848256A true US3848256A (en) 1974-11-12

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ID=10479816

Family Applications (1)

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US00423344A Expired - Lifetime US3848256A (en) 1972-12-14 1973-12-10 Waveguide antenna

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3848256A (de)
JP (1) JPS5319510B2 (de)
CA (1) CA985779A (de)
DE (1) DE2360954A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2210838B3 (de)
GB (1) GB1409749A (de)
IT (1) IT1050222B (de)
NL (1) NL7316763A (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5087921A (en) * 1986-10-17 1992-02-11 Hughes Aircraft Company Array beam position control using compound slots
US5150336A (en) * 1991-09-03 1992-09-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Frequency dispersive transmitting array
US5933120A (en) * 1996-12-16 1999-08-03 Waveband Corporation 2-D scanning antenna and method for the utilization thereof
US20030062972A1 (en) * 2001-09-10 2003-04-03 Tdk Corporation Bandpass filter
US20060114165A1 (en) * 2002-11-04 2006-06-01 Vivato, Inc. Antenna Assembly
US20070273603A1 (en) * 2003-11-27 2007-11-29 Bengt Svensson Scanable Sparse Antenna Array
CN103296365A (zh) * 2013-05-28 2013-09-11 零八一电子集团四川华昌电子有限公司 新型波导驻波匹配器
US20230006355A1 (en) * 2018-04-30 2023-01-05 Nxp Usa, Inc. Antenna with switchable beam pattern

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3208068A (en) * 1962-09-24 1965-09-21 John G Hoffman Excitation of a surface wave on a thin plasma sheath surrounding a missile

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3208068A (en) * 1962-09-24 1965-09-21 John G Hoffman Excitation of a surface wave on a thin plasma sheath surrounding a missile

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5087921A (en) * 1986-10-17 1992-02-11 Hughes Aircraft Company Array beam position control using compound slots
US5150336A (en) * 1991-09-03 1992-09-22 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Frequency dispersive transmitting array
US5933120A (en) * 1996-12-16 1999-08-03 Waveband Corporation 2-D scanning antenna and method for the utilization thereof
US20030062972A1 (en) * 2001-09-10 2003-04-03 Tdk Corporation Bandpass filter
US6828880B2 (en) * 2001-09-10 2004-12-07 Tdk Corporation Bandpass filter
US20060114165A1 (en) * 2002-11-04 2006-06-01 Vivato, Inc. Antenna Assembly
US20070273603A1 (en) * 2003-11-27 2007-11-29 Bengt Svensson Scanable Sparse Antenna Array
US7696945B2 (en) * 2003-11-27 2010-04-13 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Scannable sparse antenna array
CN103296365A (zh) * 2013-05-28 2013-09-11 零八一电子集团四川华昌电子有限公司 新型波导驻波匹配器
US20230006355A1 (en) * 2018-04-30 2023-01-05 Nxp Usa, Inc. Antenna with switchable beam pattern
US11870146B2 (en) * 2018-04-30 2024-01-09 Nxp Usa, Inc. Antenna with switchable beam pattern

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2210838A1 (de) 1974-07-12
NL7316763A (de) 1974-06-18
IT1050222B (it) 1981-03-10
CA985779A (en) 1976-03-16
JPS5319510B2 (de) 1978-06-21
FR2210838B3 (de) 1976-10-15
JPS4997551A (de) 1974-09-14
DE2360954A1 (de) 1974-06-20
GB1409749A (en) 1975-10-15

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