US11870146B2 - Antenna with switchable beam pattern - Google Patents
Antenna with switchable beam pattern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US11870146B2 US11870146B2 US17/648,880 US202217648880A US11870146B2 US 11870146 B2 US11870146 B2 US 11870146B2 US 202217648880 A US202217648880 A US 202217648880A US 11870146 B2 US11870146 B2 US 11870146B2
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- slots
- resonant frequency
- pitch
- radiation pattern
- frequency
- Prior art date
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dimethylarsinate Chemical class [Na+].C[As](C)([O-])=O IHQKEDIOMGYHEB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/22—Longitudinal slot in boundary wall of waveguide or transmission line
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
- H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
- H01Q13/085—Slot-line radiating ends
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/12—Longitudinally slotted cylinder antennas; Equivalent structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
- H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
- H01Q21/005—Slotted waveguides arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/002—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns providing at least two patterns of different beamwidth; Variable beamwidth antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/04—Multimode antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/22—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the orientation in accordance with variation of frequency of radiated wave
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
- H01Q5/307—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way
- H01Q5/342—Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way for different propagation modes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/06—Details
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antenna with a switchable beam pattern.
- FIGS. 1 A and 1 B A conventional slot waveguide antenna 100 is shown in FIGS. 1 A and 1 B . It comprises a hollow metallic tube 102 with a rectangular cross-section orthogonal to the axial direction z of the tube 102 .
- the antenna 100 has an upper broad side 104 , a lower broad side 106 , a left narrow side 108 and a right narrow side 110 .
- On the upper broad side 104 a plurality of slots 120 , 130 are formed, arranged in two groups.
- One group 120 of slots 122 , 124 , 126 are formed to the left of a longitudinally-extending centre line 112 of the upper broad side 104 .
- the other group 130 of slots 132 , 134 , 136 are formed to the right of the centre line 112 of the upper broad side 104 .
- the two groups of slots 120 , 130 are interlaced on opposite sides of the centre line 112 .
- the slot pitch 128 is Ag, where Ag is the wavelength of the radiation in the guide.
- the slot pitch 138 is also Ag, but the slots are shifted longitudinally by 0.5 Ag. That is, the slot pitch for slots on different sides of the centre line 112 is 0.5 Ag. Therefore all the slots radiate in phase to produce a main beam in a broadside direction, i.e. the y direction, normal to the longitudinal direction z of the waveguide 100 .
- a waveguide antenna comprising:
- the present invention may therefore be used to switch between a beam having a first radiation pattern, produced by inputting radiation at a frequency at or near the first resonant frequency, and a beam having a second radiation pattern, produced by inputting radiation at a frequency at or near the second resonant frequency.
- the radiation patterns may be different, for example to produce two different fields of view for the antenna.
- said first plurality of slots are spaced apart according to a first pitch
- said second plurality of slots are spaced apart according to a second pitch, wherein said first pitch and said second pitch are different.
- the ratio of the first pitch to the first resonant frequency may differ from the ratio of the second pitch to the second resonant frequency.
- said first plurality of slots have a spacing of Ag1, where 71.91 is the wavelength of radiation at said first resonant frequency in the waveguide.
- said second plurality of slots have a spacing of 71.92/2, where 71.92 is the wavelength of radiation at said second resonant frequency in the waveguide.
- Said first and second pluralities of slots may be provided on a broad side of a rectangular waveguide antenna.
- Said first and second pluralities of slots may be provided on opposite sides of a longitudinal centreline of said broad side.
- Said antenna may comprise a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW).
- SIW substrate integrated waveguide
- the waveguide antenna may have sidewalls comprising conducting vias within a dielectric substrate in which the antenna is provided.
- Said first and second resonant frequencies may be in the radar frequency range.
- Said first resonant frequency and/or said second resonant frequency may be in the range 60 to 90 GHz.
- Said first resonant frequency and/or said second resonant frequency may be in the range 76 to 81 GHz.
- the above frequency ranges are particularly useful for automotive radar applications.
- Said first resonant frequency and/or said second resonant frequency may have a bandwidth of less than 2 GHz.
- first and second resonant frequencies to be accommodated within a frequency range of around 5 GHz (e.g. within the 76 to 81 GHz range).
- a length of each slot of said first plurality of slots may be in the range from 1 mm to 1.4 mm.
- the waveguide antenna may be a rectangular waveguide antenna having a broadside of width in the range 1.4 mm to 1.6 mm.
- a transmitter, receiver or transceiver comprising a waveguide antenna as defined above.
- a transceiver comprising a waveguide antenna as defined above, the method comprising:
- FIGS. 1 A and 1 B respectively show a perspective view and plan view of a schematic representation of an example waveguide antenna useful for understanding the present invention
- FIGS. 2 A and 2 B respectively show a perspective view and plan view of a schematic representation of a waveguide antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 illustrates radiation patterns obtained using the waveguide antenna illustrated in FIGS. 2 A and 2 B , for two different input frequencies.
- a waveguide antenna 200 comprises a first plurality of slots 220 , for producing a beam having a first radiation pattern 301 at a first resonant frequency f 1 . and a second plurality of slots 230 , for producing a beam having a second radiation pattern 302 at a second resonant frequency fa.
- the waveguide antenna 200 comprises a tube 202 having a substantially rectangular cross-section orthogonal to the axial direction z of the tube 202 .
- the antenna 200 has an upper broad side 204 , a lower broad side 206 , a left narrow side 208 and a right narrow side 210 .
- the waveguide antenna 200 may be implemented as a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW).
- SIW substrate integrated waveguide
- the waveguide antenna 200 may be implemented in a dielectric substrate, the upper and lower broadsides 204 , 206 of the antenna 200 being provided by respective metal coatings on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate, and the sidewalls 208 , 210 being implemented within the substrate using arrays of metal posts, closely packed vias, or by metallized grooves, using techniques known in the art.
- the first plurality of slots 220 and the second plurality of slots 230 are provided on the upper broad side 204 .
- the first plurality 220 of slots 222 , 224 is formed to the left of a longitudinally-extending centre line 212 of the upper broad side 204 .
- the second plurality 230 of slots 232 , 234 is formed to the right of the centre line 212 of the upper broad side 204 .
- the first plurality 220 of slots are spaced apart according to a first slot pitch 228 of 1′.91, where 1′.91 is the wavelength in the guide of radiation at frequency f 1
- the second plurality 230 of slots are spaced apart according to a second slot pitch 238 of ⁇ A.92/2, where ⁇ A.92 is the wavelength in the guide of radiation at frequency fa.
- the phase difference between adjacent slots of the first plurality of slots 220 is 360° and the first plurality 220 of slots therefore radiate in phase to produce a beam having the first radiation pattern, illustrated by the gain curve 301 shown in FIG. 3 .
- the phase difference between adjacent slots of the second plurality of slots 230 is 180° and the second plurality of slots radiate in anti-phase to produce a beam having the second radiation pattern, illustrated by the gain curve 302 shown in FIG. 3 .
- the beam radiated from the waveguide antenna 200 is polarised in the x direction. As can be seen in FIG.
- the radiation pattern 301 peaks at zero azimuth angle, whereas the radiation pattern 302 has twin peaks on both sides of the azimuth.
- the second radiation pattern 302 is therefore significantly broader than the first radiation pattern 301 , thereby providing a broader field of view. This is useful in automotive radar applications, as a narrow field of view is needed for sensing objects immediately in front of the vehicle, such as a vehicle in front, and a wider field of view is needed for sensing objects in the surroundings, such as other vehicles and pedestrians on either side of the vehicle.
- Different radiation patterns may also be used to provide information at different elevations.
- Allowing for multiple fields of view to be obtained using a single antenna enables a reduction in the amount of hardware required, and allows the field of view to be switched simply by switching the operating frequency of the antenna.
- the skilled person will appreciate that other radiation patterns may be used depending on the applications required.
- the first and second resonant frequencies f 1 and fa may be separated by a frequency difference substantially greater than or equal to the bandwidth of the first and second resonant frequencies.
- each of the first and second resonant frequencies may have a bandwidth of less than 2 GHz, for example in the range 1 to 2 GHz.
- the first and second resonant frequencies f 1 and fa may therefore coexist within the 76 to 81 GHz range, that is, within the automotive radar range, while being substantially non-overlapping. It is therefore possible to switch between the first and second radiation patterns by switching the input frequency to the waveguide antenna 200 between frequencies at or near the first and second resonant frequencies f 1 , fa.
- a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna based on a dielectric substrate having a relative permittivity of 3.1 may have a length and width of 8.625 mm and 1.5 mm respectively.
- the first plurality of slots 220 may be configured for a first resonant frequency f 1 of about 83 GHz
- the second plurality of slots 230 may be configured for a second resonant frequency fa of about 75 GHz.
- the slots 222 , 224 of the first plurality of slots 220 may have a length of 1.2 mm
- the slots 232 , 234 of the second plurality of slots 230 may have a length of 1.3 mm.
- the slot separation or pitch 228 between the slots 222 , 224 of the first plurality 220 may be about 2.8 mm.
- the slot separation or pitch 238 between the slots 232 , 234 of the second plurality 230 may be about 1.7 mm.
- the widths of all the slots 222 , 224 , 232 , 234 may be around 0.07 mm, and the distance of the slots from the centreline 212 may be around 50 mm on each side.
- the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) antenna of the first example above may be modified for use with a first resonant frequency f 1 of about 81 GHz, and a second resonant frequency f 2 of about 77 GHz, both frequencies being within the automotive radar band.
- the slots 222 , 224 of the first plurality of slots 220 may have a length of 1.22 mm
- the slots 232 , 234 of the second plurality of slots 230 may have a length of 1.28 mm.
- the slot separation or pitch 228 between the slots 222 , 224 of the first plurality 220 may be about 3 mm.
- the slot separation or pitch 238 between the slots 232 , 234 of the second plurality 230 may be about 1.6 mm.
- the widths of all the slots 222 , 224 , 232 , 234 may be around 0.07 mm, and the distance of the slots from the centreline 212 may be around 50 mm on each side.
- each plurality of slots 220 , 230 may comprise more than two slots. In some embodiments, more than two pluralities of slots 220 , 230 may be provided, each configured for producing a beam of radiation at a different respective resonant frequency.
- the waveguide antenna may be implemented in PCB (printed circuit board), as an on-chip antenna, or as an antenna in package (AiP). The invention may also be applied to other types of waveguide antenna, such as an air-filled waveguide.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US17/648,880 US11870146B2 (en) | 2018-04-30 | 2022-01-25 | Antenna with switchable beam pattern |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP18170070.9A EP3565059B1 (en) | 2018-04-30 | 2018-04-30 | Antenna with switchable beam pattern |
US16/357,557 US11271318B2 (en) | 2018-04-30 | 2019-03-19 | Antenna with switchable beam pattern |
US17/648,880 US11870146B2 (en) | 2018-04-30 | 2022-01-25 | Antenna with switchable beam pattern |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US16/357,557 Division US11271318B2 (en) | 2018-04-30 | 2019-03-19 | Antenna with switchable beam pattern |
Publications (2)
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US20230006355A1 US20230006355A1 (en) | 2023-01-05 |
US11870146B2 true US11870146B2 (en) | 2024-01-09 |
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US16/357,557 Active US11271318B2 (en) | 2018-04-30 | 2019-03-19 | Antenna with switchable beam pattern |
US17/648,880 Active US11870146B2 (en) | 2018-04-30 | 2022-01-25 | Antenna with switchable beam pattern |
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US16/357,557 Active US11271318B2 (en) | 2018-04-30 | 2019-03-19 | Antenna with switchable beam pattern |
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US (2) | US11271318B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3565059B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN110416702B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2018145300A1 (en) * | 2017-02-10 | 2018-08-16 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna array and communication device |
JP7149820B2 (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2022-10-07 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | waveguide slot antenna |
CN114006162B (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2023-07-25 | 中汽创智科技有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted radar antenna and vehicle |
CN114142236B (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-05-03 | 南京天朗防务科技有限公司 | Narrow-edge waveguide slot antenna |
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---|---|---|---|---|
US3243818A (en) | 1962-08-22 | 1966-03-29 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Dual band slot antenna having common waveguide with differing slots, each individualto its own band |
US3524189A (en) | 1966-11-09 | 1970-08-11 | Us Army | Slotted waveguide antenna array providing dual frequency operation |
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2018
- 2018-04-30 EP EP18170070.9A patent/EP3565059B1/en active Active
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2019
- 2019-03-19 US US16/357,557 patent/US11271318B2/en active Active
- 2019-04-24 CN CN201910337546.9A patent/CN110416702B/en active Active
-
2022
- 2022-01-25 US US17/648,880 patent/US11870146B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN110416702A (en) | 2019-11-05 |
US20230006355A1 (en) | 2023-01-05 |
US20190334247A1 (en) | 2019-10-31 |
EP3565059B1 (en) | 2021-04-07 |
US11271318B2 (en) | 2022-03-08 |
EP3565059A1 (en) | 2019-11-06 |
CN110416702B (en) | 2024-01-30 |
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