US3847783A - Electrolytic cell and method of assembling same - Google Patents
Electrolytic cell and method of assembling same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3847783A US3847783A US00341764A US34176473A US3847783A US 3847783 A US3847783 A US 3847783A US 00341764 A US00341764 A US 00341764A US 34176473 A US34176473 A US 34176473A US 3847783 A US3847783 A US 3847783A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- electrolytic cell
- anode
- anode plates
- plates
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
Definitions
- An electrolytic cell comprising a plurality of alternating, vertically disposed cathodes and anode plates, current lead-in metal bars connected to the lower ends of the anode plates, the metal bars and the lower ends of the anodes being embedded in and supported by a mass of electrically and thermally non-conducting rigid material such as concrete containing a chlorine resistant polyester resin.
- the anode plates may be comprised of a titanium type metal or alloy covered with an active layer containing a platinum group metal, alloy or compound. Included is means for feeding electrolyte to the cell while preventing unwanted flow of electricity through the feed ducts comprising a horizontal grooved disc for dividing the electrolyte into a plurality of radial droplet streams.
- the present invention relates to improvements in electrolytic cells with vertical electrodes, for example, cells for the manufacture of chlorate or hypochlorite and diaphragm cells for the manufacture of chlorine.
- film forming material a material of high electrical conductivity which, in the presence of the electrolyte, spontaneously forms on itself an impermeable film which has a very high electrical resistance.
- the film forming materials used in electrolysis are metals of the titanium type, for example titanium, tantalum and niobium,or alloys of metals of this type.
- the film forming material may constitute the whole of the anode plate or it may forman impermeable surface layer deposited on a support made of a cheaper material such as copper.
- the aforesaid active layer may contain a metal of the platinum group, i.e., platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or irridium, in the form of a free metal, an alloy of these metals, or a compound (for example an oxide) of at least one of these metals.
- a metal of the platinum group i.e., platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or irridium
- metal anodes over graphite anodes are numerous and well known: better electrical conductivity, higher mechanical strength, less cumbersome, no contamination of the electrolyte nor overloading of the diaphragm.
- metal anodes of this type are more expensive. Furthermore the use of metal anodes in the form of a box cancels the aforementioned advantage of thin anodes as being less cumbersome in the cell.
- the anodes are single metal plates or rows of single metal plates which are bolted, riveted or welded to a horizontal metal plate forming the base of the cell.
- This plate is made of a metal of the titanium typeto form a currentlead to the anodes and to resist the corrosive action of the electro lyte by spontaneous formation of an impermeable protective film.
- a primary object of the present invention is to provide a novel electrolysis cell which overcomes the above-mentioned disadvantages of prior art cells.
- Another principal object of the invention is to provide a novel method for constructing an electrolysis cell.
- an electrolytic cell of the invention comprising cathodes alternating with anodes, wherein each anode consists of a single metal plate or a row of metal plates in prolongation of one another.
- Each plate has its two faces made of a film-forming material and coated at least partly with a layer comprising a metal or a compound of a metal of theplatinum group.
- the faces of the anode plates are substantially vertical and substantially parallel, and the lower portion of each plate is fixed to a pedestal forming the base of the cell and is connected toa current lead.
- the current lead comprises an array of horizontal metal bars, each bar extending between a neighboring pair of anodes and being clamped between these anodes by a clamping means. The lower portions. of the.
- the metal bars and the clamping means are embedded in and sealed in a mass of electrically and thermally nonconducting rigid material which constitutes the pedestal and retains the plates vertically and laterally.
- the metal bars also serve as spacers between the plates or the rows of plates which constitutethe anodes.
- One advantage of a cell according to the invention resides in the possibility of using for the metal bars constituting the current lead a metal of better electrical conductivity and lower cost than the film forming metals, for example copper or aluminum. These bars are. in effect isolated from the electrolyte by the aforesaid mass of non-conducting rigid material.
- Another advantage of the invention results from em bedding the anode plates in a mass of thermally nonconducting material. This mass, which serves to retain the anode plates vertically and laterally, undergoes.
- a cell according to the invention is therefore adapted for using, as the anodes, unit metal plates or rows of unit metal plates that are thin, and the cell may have anarrow anode-cathode gap.
- cells according to the invention have the appreciable advantages of reduced size and higher energy yield.
- the anodes consisting of single plates or rows of plates are divided into several successive groups.
- the plates of each of these groups are clamped to the corresponding metal bars lying between them, independently of the plates of the other groups, which are themselves clamped to their corresponding metal bars.
- the aforesaid preferred embodiment of the cell allows the use of a large number of anodes and, consequently, the construction of monopolar cells of large capacity and power.
- This embodiment of the cell also restricts damage to the current lead-in bars caused by occasional infiltration of electrolyte into the mass of embedding material.
- the membrane is leak proof and made of a material which is resistant to corrosion by the electrolyte to protect the metal current lead-in bars against occasional infiltration of electrolyte into the mass of embedding material.
- At least two horizontal joists are placed on a foundation, suitably of reinforced concrete, and the anode assemblies are made separately by clamping the vertically disposed anode plates at their lower edges to interposed horizontal current lead-in bars.
- the anode assemblies are then placed across the horizontal joists, and the pedestal is formed by pouring an electrically and thermally non-conducting embedding material around the joists, the current lead-in bars, and the lower parts of the anode plates so that the embedding material forms the pedestal after setting and hardening and then retains the anode plates vertically and laterally.
- FIG. 1 shows in transverse elevation, partially cut away, one embodiment of a cell according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a longitudinal elevation, partially cut away, of the cell shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 shows on a larger scale a detail of FIG. 2.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show respectively in plan and in elevation an anode assembly of the cell of FIGS. 1 and 2.
- FIG. 6 is on a larger scale a partial section in the plane VIVI of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 7 shows on a larger scale a detail of FIG. 2 in elevation, partially cut away.
- FIG. 8 is a partial transverse section of the foundation and the anode assemblies of the cell of FIGS. 1 and 2 before pouring the mass which forms the pedestal.
- the cell comprises, on a foundation 1 of reinforced concrete supported by insulators 2, a pedestal 3 forming the base 4 of the cell.
- the anodes are fixed vertically to the pedestal 3 by their lower end portions. They each comprise a row of flat plates 5 made of titanium, coated over at least part of their two faces by a layer of a platinum group metal, alloy or compound.
- the coating material may advantageously comprise mixed crystals of ruthenium dioxide and titanium dioxide.
- the periphery of the pedestal 3 carries a cathode casing 6 made of steel, with an interposed sealing joint 7.
- the casing 6 supports foraminous steel structure shaped to form cathode pockets 8 which extend between the adjacent rows of anode plates 5, and the foraminous steel structure is covered with a diaphragm (not shown in the Figures).
- a cover 9 of polyester is placed on the cathode casing 6 with an interposed sealing joint 10 and is firmly held on the casing by clamps 11 (FIG. 3).
- a brine inlet conduit 12 extends downwardly through the top of cover 9 to a brine distributor 13 which will be described later.
- a brine distributor 13 which will be described later.
- An outlet pipe 14 for escape of chlorine produced at the anodes.
- a liquid level indicator 15 is positioned at one side of the cover as seen in FIG. 2.
- cathode casing 6 The upper end of cathode casing 6 is connected to a pipe 16 for removal of hydrogen produced in the cathode pockets and to a hydraulic safety valve 17 or a similar safety device for avoiding excessive hydrogen pressure in the cell.
- the cathode casing 6 communicates with a pipe 18 for removal of caustic liquor formed in the cathode pockets.
- An inverted U tube 19 is connected to pipe 18 by a joint 50 which allows the inclination of the U tube round the axis of pipe 18 to be varied at will.
- the rows of anode plates 5 are supported in the pedestal 3, which is constituted by a mass of a thermally and electrically nonconducting rigid material.
- This mass making up the pedestal 3 may advantageously be made of concrete containing as a binder a polyester resin which is resistant to chlorine, for example Atlac resin (trademark). It may alternatively be made of another electrically and thermally non-conducting material which is capable of sealing the anode plates 5 and retaining them vertically and laterally. If there is any risk of the material employed suffering from corrosion by the electrolyte it may be covered by a layer of leak proof material which is inert towards the electrolyte, such as a layer of bitumen.
- this current lead comprises metal bars 20, which are interposed between the rows of anode plates 5 and are imbedded in the mass of the pedestal 3.
- the rows of plates are preferably divided into several groups of rows each group being separately connected to the respective current lead-in bars 20 independently of the other groups to form within the electrolytic cell several distinct anode assemblies, for example, five anode assemblies in the embodiment of FIG. 2.
- FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 show one of these anode assemblies.
- This assembly comprises, by way of example, five rows of three anode plates 5. Between these five rows of plates 5 are interposed respectively four metal bars of rectangular cross-section, which extend horizontally throughout the length of the lower portion of the plates 5.
- the bars 20 and the plates 5 are firmly clamped to each other by means of nuts 21 screwed onto the threaded rods 22 (FIG. 6) which pass through the bars and the plates.
- Small horizontal bars 23, made of metal, are advantageously placed between the nuts 21 and the plates 5 in each end row of the anode assembly, so as to improve the contact of the anode plates with the bars 20 and to avoid a deformation of these plates.
- the bars 20 serve as the current lead to the anode plates 5 they should be made of a metal of good electrical conductivity. They may be made of electrolytic copper, because they are effectively kept apart from the electrolyte by the large mass of the pedestal 3 which surrounds them.
- the metal bars 20 may optionally be perforated with orifices 24 which are filled with the material of the pedestal 3.
- each anode assembly is supplied with current by means of the bars 20, of which one extremity extends outside the pedestal 3 and is connected to a current source (not shown).
- the threaded rods 22 be made of a metal which has a linear coefficient of thermal expansion less than that of the metal of the bars 20, for example the rods 22 may be made of steel when the bars 20 are copper. With this arrangement, when the cell is operating, the differential thermal expansion of the bars 20 and the threaded rods 22 increases the clamping force of the plates 5 between the bars 20.
- the ends of the bars 20 which are downstream with respect to the direction of flow of electric current in these bars terminate short of the corresponding end of the row of plates 5 of the anode assembly.
- spacer sleeves 25 (FIGS. 4 and 6) are interposed between theseplates 5 and clamped between them by means of nuts 21 screwed on the threaded rods 22 which pass through plates 5 and sleeves 25.
- the lower portion of the anode plates 5, the bars 20,- the rods 22, the nuts 21 and the sleeves 25 are enclosed in a resilient membrane 26 (FIG. 3) which is preferably leak proof and made of a material resistant to corrosion by the electrolyte.
- This membrane 26, which may for example be made of plasticized polyvinyl chloride, reduces the internal stresses in the mass of the pedestal 3 during operation of the cell. Furthermore, when it is leak proof and resistant to corrosion, it protects the metal bars 20 against the eventuality'of the electrolyte infiltrating through the pedestal 3.
- each anode assembly may be fastened at their upper edge to projections 27 fixed to cross members 28 (FIGS. 1 and 2) so as to maintain a constant spacing between the plates 5 and the cathodes 8 and to prevent lateral bending of the plates.
- the cell shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is equipped with a brine distributor 13 at the discharge end of the electrolyte inlet pipe 12.
- This distributor I3 is shown in detail in FIG. 7. Its purpose is to create a very high resistance v in the path of any current shunted by way of the common electrolyte feed vessel of a cell room.
- the distributor 13 comprises an overflow vessel 30 into which the feed conduit 12 extends and which is supported on a substantially horizontal disc 29.
- the upper edge of the vessel 30 is advantageously serrated so as to split up the flow of v electrolyte spilling over from the vessel 30.
- the upper face of the disc 29 preferably has radial grooves 31 to ensure a more uniform distribution of the electrolyte flowing over from this disc into the cell.
- the overflow vessel 30 is held axially on the disc 29 by means of several radial struts 32 fixed to the vessel 30 and to the disc 29, for example, by weldmg.
- the distributor assembly l3 is held in the cell by a cylinder 33 fixed to the radial struts 32 and to the cell cover 9, for example, by welding.
- the distributor l3 and the inlet pipe 12 may be made of chlorinated polyvinyl chloride or another material which is inert to the electrolyte and the products of electrolysis.
- the distributor shown in FIG. 7 has the dual advantages of rendering negligible the loss of current shunted by way of the common electrolyte feed vessel and of forming a hydraulic seal against accidental escape of chlorine out of the cell by way of inlet pipe 12.
- Table I lists the results of two tests involving electrolysis of a brine in a diaphragm cell according to this invention.
- the cell used was similar to the embodiment illustrated in the attached drawings and described hereabove. It comprised five anode assemblies as defined hereabove.
- each anode assembly each anode was constituted of a row of flat titanium plates having a thickness of about 2 mm and coated, on both faces, with a layer of ruthenium dioxideand titanium dioxide. The plates were clamped vertically between horizontal current lead-in bars. 'Ihese bars and the lower portion of the anode plates were enclosed in a membrane made of plasticized polyvinyl chloride.
- the pedestal 3 of the cell was made of concrete containing a polyester resin able to resist corrosion by chlorine.
- the total active anodic surface of the cell was approximately 26 m
- the anode-cathode distance was about 13 mm.
- the electrolytic cell shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 may be constructed in the following manner.
- a foundation 1 for the cell is first constructed and is optionally supported on insulators 2.
- the foundation 1 is usually made of reinforced concrete.
- At least two horizontal joists 47 (FIG. 8) are then placed on the foundation 1 for supporting the anode assemblies of the cell. These joists are placed parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction of the cell (across the drawing of FIG. 2).
- the joists 47 are suitably made of the same material as that constituting the pedestal 3, for example, concrete with a polyester binder. They may however be made of another material, for example metal.
- the joists 47 are provided with transverse projections 48 on their upper surface, separated from each other by a distance substantially equal to the total width of each anode assembly without the nuts 21.
- the anode assemblies are separately constructed before installation in the cells by putting together the anode plates 5, the current lead-in bars 20, the small bars 23 and, if required, the spacer sleeve 25, by means of the threaded rods 22 and nuts 21 (FIGS. 4 and 5).
- the rigid anode assemblies are then placed on the joists 47 between the projections 48.
- a form is placed on the foundation 1 around the joists 47 and the lower part of the anode assemblies that is supported by these joists.
- the material for embedding the joists 47 and the lower part of the anode assemblies is then poured into the form. When the mass has set and hardened the form is removed.
- a thermally and electrically non-conducting material is employed for the aforesaid mass of embedding material which, after setting and hardening, constitutes the pedestal 3 of the cell, in which the anode assemblies are sealed.
- a cathode casing 6 is placed on the pedestal 3 with an interposed sealing joint 7 which is resistant to the electrolyte.
- a cover 9 is then placed on the cathode casing 6 with another interposed sealing joint 10.
- An electrolytic cell comprising a plurality of cathodes alternating with a plurality of generally vertical metal anode plates over a pedestal, said anode plates having each coated thereon an active layer containing a platinum group metal or metal compound, current supply means to said anode plates, comprising an array of generally horizontal metal bars, each bar extending between the lower ends of a neighboring pair of anode plates, and clamping means to clamp said anode plates and metal bars together to form an anode assembly, said metal bars, lower ends of the anode plates and clamping means being embedded and sealed in a mono lithic mass of electrically and thermally nonconducting rigid material, whereby said mass forms at least part of the aforesaid pedestal and retains the anode plates vertically and laterally.
- clamping means comprise metal rods passing through said bars and said neighboring anode plates, said rods having a linear coefficient of thennal expansion lower than that of said metal bars, and fastening means at the ends of said rods.
- each metal bar terminates short of the ends of the neighboring anode plates clamped thereto.
- An electrolytic cell according to claim 1 further comprising a cell cover, an inlet pipe for admission of electrolyte passing through said cover, and a horizontal disc provided with radial channels for distributing electrolyte positioned vertically below the discharge end of said inlet pipe.
- the improvement comprises initially preparing at least one anode assembly by clamping a plurality of metal plates at their lower edges to interposed current lead-in bars, placing at least two horizontal joists on a foundation, positioning each anode assembly on and across the joists, and embedding the current lead-in bars and the lower ends of the anode plates in a monolithic mass of electrically and thermally non-conductive material, and hardening said material to support and retain the anode plates in a substantially vertical position.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE115282 | 1972-03-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3847783A true US3847783A (en) | 1974-11-12 |
Family
ID=3841626
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00341764A Expired - Lifetime US3847783A (en) | 1972-03-20 | 1973-03-15 | Electrolytic cell and method of assembling same |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3847783A (pt) |
JP (1) | JPS495882A (pt) |
AR (1) | AR194878A1 (pt) |
AT (1) | AT325636B (pt) |
AU (1) | AU5348173A (pt) |
BR (1) | BR7301985D0 (pt) |
DE (1) | DE2312458A1 (pt) |
ES (1) | ES412801A1 (pt) |
IL (1) | IL41573A0 (pt) |
IT (1) | IT981501B (pt) |
NL (1) | NL7303810A (pt) |
ZA (1) | ZA731868B (pt) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3969216A (en) * | 1974-12-27 | 1976-07-13 | Doreen Veronica Barrett | Flotation separation |
US3983026A (en) * | 1973-10-19 | 1976-09-28 | Solvay & Cie | Electrolytic cells with vertical electrodes |
US4056459A (en) * | 1975-04-25 | 1977-11-01 | Solvay & Cie | Anode assembly for an electrolytic cell |
FR2488914A1 (fr) * | 1980-08-22 | 1982-02-26 | Chlorine Eng Corp Ltd | Cellule d'electrolyse pour procede a membrane echangeuse d'ions |
US4476001A (en) * | 1983-03-30 | 1984-10-09 | Nova Rubber Co. | Device for collecting alkaline cell liquor from an electrolytic cell |
US5087343A (en) * | 1990-06-08 | 1992-02-11 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Electrolytic cell heads comprised of bulk polymerized cycloolefin monomers |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6211924U (pt) * | 1985-07-08 | 1987-01-24 | ||
DE102010033217B4 (de) | 2009-12-10 | 2014-07-31 | Db Waggonbau Niesky Gmbh | Gedeckter Güterwagen |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2447547A (en) * | 1945-06-02 | 1948-08-24 | Hooker Electrochemical Co | Electrolytic alkali chlorine cell |
US2673232A (en) * | 1950-01-24 | 1954-03-23 | Diamond Alkali Co | Feed device for electrolytic cells |
GB1127484A (en) * | 1966-02-25 | 1968-09-18 | Murgatroyds Salt & Chem | Improvements in or relating to electrolytic diaphragm cells |
US3451915A (en) * | 1966-07-11 | 1969-06-24 | Chemech Eng Ltd | Electrolytic cell with cover including feeding means |
US3507772A (en) * | 1967-12-18 | 1970-04-21 | Christopher C Silsby Jr | Anode support structure for electrolytic cells having a base of aluminum or magnesium and alloys thereof |
CA868516A (en) * | 1971-04-13 | A. Bell John | Electrolytic cells | |
US3719578A (en) * | 1969-09-22 | 1973-03-06 | Progil | Electrolysis cell with anode support means |
-
1973
- 1973-02-19 IL IL41573A patent/IL41573A0/xx unknown
- 1973-03-13 DE DE2312458A patent/DE2312458A1/de active Pending
- 1973-03-15 US US00341764A patent/US3847783A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-03-16 ZA ZA731868A patent/ZA731868B/xx unknown
- 1973-03-17 ES ES412801A patent/ES412801A1/es not_active Expired
- 1973-03-19 NL NL7303810A patent/NL7303810A/xx unknown
- 1973-03-19 AU AU53481/73A patent/AU5348173A/en not_active Expired
- 1973-03-20 AR AR247145A patent/AR194878A1/es active
- 1973-03-20 JP JP48031516A patent/JPS495882A/ja active Pending
- 1973-03-20 BR BR731985A patent/BR7301985D0/pt unknown
- 1973-03-20 AT AT246773A patent/AT325636B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1973-03-20 IT IT21875/73A patent/IT981501B/it active
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA868516A (en) * | 1971-04-13 | A. Bell John | Electrolytic cells | |
US2447547A (en) * | 1945-06-02 | 1948-08-24 | Hooker Electrochemical Co | Electrolytic alkali chlorine cell |
US2673232A (en) * | 1950-01-24 | 1954-03-23 | Diamond Alkali Co | Feed device for electrolytic cells |
GB1127484A (en) * | 1966-02-25 | 1968-09-18 | Murgatroyds Salt & Chem | Improvements in or relating to electrolytic diaphragm cells |
US3451915A (en) * | 1966-07-11 | 1969-06-24 | Chemech Eng Ltd | Electrolytic cell with cover including feeding means |
US3507772A (en) * | 1967-12-18 | 1970-04-21 | Christopher C Silsby Jr | Anode support structure for electrolytic cells having a base of aluminum or magnesium and alloys thereof |
US3719578A (en) * | 1969-09-22 | 1973-03-06 | Progil | Electrolysis cell with anode support means |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3983026A (en) * | 1973-10-19 | 1976-09-28 | Solvay & Cie | Electrolytic cells with vertical electrodes |
US3969216A (en) * | 1974-12-27 | 1976-07-13 | Doreen Veronica Barrett | Flotation separation |
US4056459A (en) * | 1975-04-25 | 1977-11-01 | Solvay & Cie | Anode assembly for an electrolytic cell |
FR2488914A1 (fr) * | 1980-08-22 | 1982-02-26 | Chlorine Eng Corp Ltd | Cellule d'electrolyse pour procede a membrane echangeuse d'ions |
US4476001A (en) * | 1983-03-30 | 1984-10-09 | Nova Rubber Co. | Device for collecting alkaline cell liquor from an electrolytic cell |
US5087343A (en) * | 1990-06-08 | 1992-02-11 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Electrolytic cell heads comprised of bulk polymerized cycloolefin monomers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2312458A1 (de) | 1973-10-04 |
AR194878A1 (es) | 1973-08-24 |
AT325636B (de) | 1975-10-27 |
ZA731868B (en) | 1973-12-19 |
ES412801A1 (es) | 1976-01-01 |
AU5348173A (en) | 1974-09-19 |
BR7301985D0 (pt) | 1974-07-11 |
IL41573A0 (en) | 1973-04-30 |
JPS495882A (pt) | 1974-01-19 |
ATA246773A (de) | 1975-01-15 |
NL7303810A (pt) | 1973-09-24 |
IT981501B (it) | 1974-10-10 |
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