US3847533A - Flame ignition and supervision system - Google Patents

Flame ignition and supervision system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3847533A
US3847533A US00340448A US34044873A US3847533A US 3847533 A US3847533 A US 3847533A US 00340448 A US00340448 A US 00340448A US 34044873 A US34044873 A US 34044873A US 3847533 A US3847533 A US 3847533A
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Prior art keywords
energy
capacitor
responsive
ignition
valve
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US00340448A
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English (en)
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W Riordan
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BLOOM-1 Inc A CORP OF
Kidde Inc
Kidde Fenwal Inc
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Walter Kidde and Co Inc
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Priority to US00340448A priority Critical patent/US3847533A/en
Priority to GB966674A priority patent/GB1452682A/en
Priority to CA194,093A priority patent/CA1018267A/en
Priority to AU66455/74A priority patent/AU6645574A/en
Priority to JP49028469A priority patent/JPS49120232A/ja
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Publication of US3847533A publication Critical patent/US3847533A/en
Assigned to KIDDE, INC. reassignment KIDDE, INC. MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). FILED MARCH 31, 1988, DELAWARE Assignors: HIMP-2 INC., HIMP-2 INC. (CHANGED TO)
Assigned to FENWAL INCORPORATED, A CORP. OF DE reassignment FENWAL INCORPORATED, A CORP. OF DE NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KIDDE, INC.
Assigned to BLOOM-1 INC., A CORP. OF DE reassignment BLOOM-1 INC., A CORP. OF DE MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE DATE: 3/31/88, DELAWARE Assignors: KIDDE INC.
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/20—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays
    • F23N5/203—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/18—Applying test signals, e.g. periodic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/36—Spark ignition, e.g. by means of a high voltage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/12—Flame sensors with flame rectification current detecting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/10—Fail safe for component failures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/12—Fail safe for ignition failures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/20—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Disclosed is a valve control circuit for fuel burners and the like. Energy is received by an energy storage circuit and periodically is rapidly removed therefrom and transferred. to a pulse circuit. The pulse circuit, responsive only to pulses, receives the energy pulses on discharge and providesa valve activating signal in response thereto.
  • the system is failsafe-inasmuch as component failure prevents the pulses from being supplied to the pulse circuit. Furthermore, limit apparatus prevents sufficient power from being directly supplied from the-power sourceto the valve to cause actuation. Two timers are also provided to cause system lock out in the event of failure to ignite. Either timer is sufficient by itself to cause lock out so that if one of the timers fails, lock out'is still achieved.
  • An object of this invention therefore, is to provide a failsafe valve control system that will not give rise to unsafe conditions following the failure of any component, including the valve controlling silicon controlled rectifier. It is a further object that the system provide positive lock out protection in the event of a failure to establish flame.
  • This invention is characterized by a control circuit for controlling a fuel burner.
  • An energy storage system receives and retains electrical energy from a source thereof and is periodically discharged by a discharge apparatus when flame is sensed by a flame detector near the burner. Discharge is rapid and therefore, provides a series of pulses, one pulse for each discharge.
  • a pulse responsive system that responds only to pulses is coupled to a fuel controlling valve and provides a valve actuating signal in response to pulses.
  • the pulse responsive apparatus can include, for example, a resistance or an inductance,'as it will be appreciated that a surge of power through either component will create a voltage spike. Embodiments utilizing each are disclosed.
  • the voltage peaks produced are passed by an isolation diode to a storage capacitor and filtered therein.
  • the circuit is inexpensive, yet adequate failsafe protection is provided to prevent unsafe operation due to a ma]- functioning circuit component.
  • the discharge apparatus includes a silicon controlled rectifier to discharge the energy storage apparatus.
  • the SCR is periodically fired by the flame detection circuit. Failsafe protection is provided because any malfunction in the SCR or the associated circuit prevents the pulses from being delivered to the pulse responsive apparatus, and the valve remains open only in response to a series of pulses. Consequently, should the SCR become shorted or leaky the fuel valve quickly closes.
  • Embodiments are disclosed utilizing an inductance for the pulse response apparatus wherein the inductance comprises either the primary or a third winding of a spark transformer. These embodiments are inexpensive when utilized in conjunction with a burner employing a spark ignition apparatus, inasmuch as an inductance periodically receiving a pulse of current already is a part of the circuit. The excellent failsafe protection is provided at a minimal cost.
  • a feature of some of the embodiments disclosed is the division thereof into an input circuit including the energy storage apparatus and a pulse circuit including the pulse responsive apparatus.
  • the twocircuits are coupled by a transfer circuit that transfers energy from one circuit to the other.
  • a limit apparatus prevents sufficient current from passing directly from the power source to the pulse circuit to cause actuation of the valve. Sufficient energy is delivered to the pulse circuit only by proper operation of the transfer circuit. Thus short circuits or other malfunctions in the input circuit will prevent operation of the pulse responsive device rather than cause false actuation of the valve.
  • auxiliary timer is another feature of the invention.
  • conventional ignition timers are often responsive to indicia of operation of the ignition apparatus such as current drawn thereby.
  • a common example is a circuit breaker utilized in the circuit supplying power to the ignition apparatus.
  • the subject auxiliary timer is electronic and is responsive to the enabling signal delivered to the ignition apparatus when ignition is sought. The valve is opened when the ignition apparatus is enabled, but the subject auxiliary timer prevents valve actuation coupled with a defective ignition apparatus from becoming a hazard by causing lock out after the ignition apparatus has been enabled for a predetermined period of time, unless the flame responsive detector indicates flame has been established.
  • FIG. 1 is an operational diagram of a burner control system employing one embodiment of the subject valve control circuit
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a preferred system
  • FIG. 3 shows various wave forms at different points within the circuit shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram of a valve control circuit in which the pulse responsive apparatus is the primary winding of a spark transformer and the valve actuating signal is generated on the flyback of the transformer;
  • FIG. 5 shows the control circuit depicted in FIG. 4 modified to actuate the valve on the flyforward portion of the cycle of the spark transformer
  • FIG. 6 shows another valve control circuit in which the pulse responsive apparatus includes a third winding in the spark transformer.
  • FIG. 1 there is an operational diagram of a burner control system 21.
  • the system 21 is powered by an a.c. power source (not shown).
  • a delay timer 22 that is part of a first electronic switch 23 begins to time out in a predetermined delay time that is longer than one cycle of the a.c. supply current.
  • the delay timer 22 enables a first silicon controlled rectifier 24 through a line 25.
  • the first silicon controlled rectifier 24 fires once during each cycle of the a.c. current as long as a signal remains on the line 25.
  • the signal on the line 25 is carried to an auxiliary shut down timer 26 that begins timing out in a preselected shut down time when enabled. If the shut down timer 26 times out, a signal delivered on a line 27 to a lock out apparatus 28 causes the system 21 to lock out. Firing of the first SCR 24 produces a signal on a line 29 that performs three functions.
  • An igniter 31 is energized in response to a signal on the line 29 and a fuel valve 32 is opened in response thereto.
  • the igniter 31 seeks to ignite the fuel.
  • an ignition timer 33 begins running in response to the signals on the line 29. If the ignition timer 33 times out indicating that the first SCR 24 has been firing for a preselected period of time, a signal on a line 34 is delivered to the lock out apparatus 28 thus locking out the system 21. As was pointed out above, the first SCR 24 fires whenever there is a signal on the line 25. Thus the presence of a signal on the line 25 starts operation of both the shut down timer 26 and the ignition timer 33. When either timer 26 or 33 times out, the lock out apparatus 28 is activated.
  • the two timers 26 and 33 are both ignition timers and the provision of two separate timers is a safety feature.
  • a flame sensor 35 Disposed near the burner is a flame sensor 35 that fires a second SCR 36 through a line 37 once each cycle of a.c. power when flame is sensed.
  • the signal on the line 37 is deliverd to the second SCR 36, it fires producing pulses on a line 38 that maintain the valve 32 in an open position and reset the delay timer 22 through a periodic reset line 39.
  • the delay timer 22 times out in the delay time of greater than one cycle of the a.c. supply voltage.
  • the first SCR 24 begins to fire and the shut down timer 26 and the ignition timer 33 begin to run.
  • the igniter 31 and fuel valve 32 are energized. Under normal circumstances flame will be established before either the shut down timer 26 or the ignition timer 33 has timed out. In that event, the flame sensor 35 begins firing the second SCR 36 which maintains the valve 32 in an open position and, upon firing once each cycle of the supply voltage, resets the delay timer 22 through the periodic reset line 39.
  • the delay timer 22 is prevented from timing out while the second SCR 36 is firing.
  • the shut down timer 26 and the first SCR 24 are inoperable. If flame is lost, the second SCR 36 ceases firing and the delay timer 22 soon times out thus causing the first SCR 24' to resume firing. Consequently, the effect of a loss of flame is that the system behaves as it does when initially energized. Thus if flame is reestablished the second SCR 36 begins to fire again and the first SCR 24 is inactivated and the shut down auxiliary timer 26 is periodically reset.
  • the system 21 is locked out upon the timing out of either the shut down timer or the ignition timer 33.
  • FIG. 2 there is a schematic diagram of the burner control system 21. Portions of the circuit corresponding to the blocks in FIG. 1 have been pointed out with similar reference numerals where possible.
  • a hot line 41 in a conventional 60 cycle per second a.c. power supply is connected to a buss 42 by a switch 43 such as, for example, a thermostat.
  • a grounded line 44 is connected to a lock out thermal circuit breaker 45, that is part of a power input supply apparatus, so that the current flowing through the line 44 passes through an energy accumulating bimetalic strip member 33.
  • a threshold member 34 in the circuit breaker 45 separates switch deactivator lock out contacts 28 in the event of a circuit breaker overload as evidenced by an excessive amount of heat building up in the bimetalic member 33.
  • the heat energy in the bimetalic member 33 is supplied by heating caused by current flowing therethrough and the surface of the bimetalic element 33 radiates heat from the strip 33 to the atmosphere and thus comprises an energy leakage system. Because energy is radiated by the surface of the bimetalic strip 33, the circuit breaker 45 will not respond to energy supplied thereto at a low rate.
  • the circuit breaker 45 connects the grounded line 44 to a junction 46.
  • the power supplied on the lines 41 and 44 is alternating current and the term positive half cycle means that half of the cycle of the alternating current in which the line 44 is positive with respect to the line 41. It will be appreciated that the absolute potential on the grounded line 44 does not change and that changes in voltage refer only to relative values with respect to power line 41.
  • Controlled by the system is a fuel burner 47 that is grounded and is supplied with fuel through a line 48 in response to a valve control circuit 32 including a valve control relay coil 49 that is shunted by an energy storage filter capacitor 51.
  • a valve control relay coil 49 that is shunted by an energy storage filter capacitor 51.
  • An isolation diode 52 couples the coil 49 and capacitor 51 combination across a pulse responsive resistor 53.
  • One end of the coil 49 is connected to the common buss 42 along with one end of the capacitor 51 and the resistor 53.
  • the other end of the pulse responsive resistor 53 is connected in series with an energy storage capacitor 54 and thence a limit resistor 55.
  • the resistor 55 is connected to a spark capacitor 57, the other end of which is connected to the buss 42.
  • the junction 56 is also connected to the anode of the second SCR 36 by a diode 106 and a resistor 89.
  • the capacitors 54 and 57 charge through the spark igniter apparatus 31 that includes another limit resistor 58 and diode 59 in series with a primary winding 61 of a spark transformer 62. Current flow in the above described spark circuit is prevented during negative half cycles of the supply voltage by the diode 59.
  • the flame rectification flame detector apparatus 35 includes a resistor 66 connected between the electrode 65 and a falme rectification capacitor 67. The other terminal of the capacitor 67 is connected to the buss 42. Shunting the capacitor 67 is a resistor 68 and connected to a parallel combination of a capacitor 69 and complementary silicon controlled rectifier 71 by another resistor 72. Two capacitors 73 and 74 connected in series and joined at a junction 75 shunt the complementary silicon controlled rectifier 71.
  • a resistive voltage divider including a resistor 76 and a resistor 77 spanning from the junction 46 to the buss 42 supplies current to the gate 78 of the complementary silicon controlled rectifier 71.
  • the first electronic switch apparatus 23 including the first SCR 24 is made to conduct by applying a voltage to a junction 81 that powers a voltage divider control circuit including two resistors 82 and 83 that supply current to the gate 84 of the SCR 24.
  • the second electronic switch apparatus 85 including the second SCR 36 receives power from the junction 46 through a resistor 86, a diode 87, a diode'88 and another resistor 89.
  • the preceding circuit is a cut off control circuit 90.
  • the gate 91 of the SCR 36 is connected to the junction 75 by the line 37 and to the buss 42 by a resistor 92.
  • the delay timer clamping capacitor 22 connects a periodic reset line 94 to the buss 42.
  • the cutoff circuit 90 and the delay timer clamping capacitor 22 are part of an ignition interruption apparatus that deenergizes the ignition apparatus 31 upon the sensing of a flame by the flame sensor 35 as will be described more fully below.
  • the auxiliary shut down timer 26 includes a shut down energy accumulator capacitor 95 and a leakage resistor 96 in series and connected between the line 94 and the buss 42.
  • a junction 97 between capacitor 95 and the resistor 96 is coupled to the gate 98 of a shut down silicon controlled rectifier 99 by a shut down threshold neon bulb 101.
  • a capacitor 80 and a resistor are connected in parallel between the gate 98 and the cathode of the SCR 99 and the anode is coupled to the line 94 by a resistor 105. Any energy absorbed by the capacitor is leaked off through the leakage resistor 96 when the second SCR 36 is firing as described below.
  • the SCR 99 acts as a controlling apparatus for the first SCR 24 so that the SCR 24 conducts.
  • a control circuit 102 including a capacitor 103 and a neon bulb 104 supplies current to the gate 84 of the first SCR 24 through the junction 81. The capacitor is charged through a resistor 105.
  • FIG. 3(a) there are shown charging curves for the capacitors 103, 22 and 95. It is to be understood that no specific time constants are shown because the exact time constants are less important than the relationship among the three charging time constants. It should be further understood that the curves are for charging each capacitor disregarding the effect of the other. Specifically, the clamping action of the capacitor 22 is ignored in FIG. 3(a).
  • the time t represents approximately one cycle of the alternating supply voltage.
  • the delay capacitor 22, as represented by a curve 112 requires several cycles to obtain a substantial charge and the capacitor 95 requires many cycles as shown by a curve 113.
  • the capacitor 95 could take, for example, 10 seconds to charge.
  • a sine wave form 121 shown in FIG. 3( b) represents the alternating current power supplied to the system 21 and is used to establish a time scale for FIGS. 3(a)-(f).
  • a curve 122 in FIG. 3(0) shows the charging of the delay capacitor 22. A small amount of charge is gained during each positive half cycle of the sine wave 121 and the charge on the capacitor 22 remains constant during negative half cycles.
  • the charge on the capacitor 103 is shown by a wave form 123 in FIG. 3(d).
  • the capacitor 103 can substantially charge during one positive half cycle of the sine wave 121. However, during the positive half cycles the diode 87 is forward biased and thus is conductive so that the charging of the capacitor 103 is initially delayed by the clamping of the delay clamping capacitor 22 as shown in FIGS. 3(0) and (d).
  • the capacitor 22 After several cycles the capacitor 22.approaches its full charge and allows capacitor 103 to fire the neon bulb 104. Firing occurs at near the peak of the positive tors 82 and 83 to supply current that causes the first SCR 24 to conduct.
  • the resistor 82 lengthens the discharge period of the capacitor 103, so as to prolong current input to the gate 84 and thereby the conduction period of the SCR 24.
  • the bulb 104 stops conducting and discharge proceeds as shown by the curved portion 125 of the wave form 123.
  • the first SCR 24 conducts during half of the positive half cycle as shown by a wave form 126 in FIG. 3(e).
  • the capacitors 54 and 57 absorb substantially a full charge during each positive half cycle of the wave form 121, they supply a substantial current to the primary winding 61 as they discharge through the SCR 24. This current creates sufficient power in the secondary winding 63 to cause a spark between the electrodes 64 and 65.
  • the discharge of the capacitor 54 creates a current through the pulse responsive resistor 53 and a voltage drop thereacross as indicated in FIG. 2. This voltage drop forward biases the isolation blocking diode 52 and thus activates the relay coil 49.
  • the diode 52 acts as a limit apparatus to prevent current from flowing directly from the circuit breaker 45 to the coil 49 and, furthermore, even if the diode 52 were to become shorted, the valve would not open when the capacitor 54 is charging because current flow then is too low due to the limit resistor 58.
  • Generation of a large enough voltage across the resistor 53 requires storing a charge in the energy storage capacitor 54 and drawing it out in a rapid surge or pulse that bypasses the resistor 58.
  • the filter capacitor 51 stores a sufficient charge to maintain the valve open until the following positive half cycle. Thus gas is released from the burner 47 and the ignition apparatus 31 sparks when the SCR 24 fires.
  • an input circuit including the capacitor 54 is charged independently of a pulse circuit that includes the coil 49 and the capacitor 51.
  • the pulse circuit receives power only when the first or the second SCR 24 or 36 fires and acts as a transfer apparatus to transfer energy from the input circuit. At all other times, the diode 52 isolates the input circuit from the pulse circuit.
  • Two capacitors 54 and 57 are used because the resistor 55 is desirable to limit the surge to the capacitor 51. Obtaining an adequate spark requires that there be free flow of current from the capacitor to the primary winding 61. Thus the capacitor 57 supplies energy for sparking.
  • the controlling complementary SCR 71 and the second SCR 36 both periodically fire on the negative going crossovers 127.
  • the firing of the second SCR 36 occurs precisely at the conclusion of a conducting cycle of the first SCR 24.
  • the capacitors 54 and 57 have been previously discharged by the first SCR 24.
  • the first firing and each subsequent firing of the second SCR 36 discharges the delay capacitor 22.
  • the delay capacitor 22 requires several cycles before a sufficient charge can be built up to permit the first SCR 24 to fire, the first SCR 24 does not fire when the second SCR 36 is firing.
  • the capacitors 54 and 57 each continue to absorb a full charge during each positive half cycle of the wave form 121. However, discharge is now through the second SCR 36. Thus the voltage is still produced across the resistor 53 to maintain the valve in open position; however, the primary winding 61 of the transformer 62 is bypassed and thus the spark ignition apparatus 31 is deenergized and the spark is extinguished. This mode of operation continues as long as flame is sensed.
  • Shown in FIG. 3(h) is a wave form 132 that represents the current passing through the lock out circuit breaker 45 when the first SCR 24 is firing normally to establish ignition.
  • the small lobe 133 is due to the charging of the capacitors 54 and 57.
  • the large conducting portion 134 corresponds in shape to the firing of the first SCR 24 as shown in FIG. 3(e) and indeed represents the firing of the first SCR.
  • the first SCR 24 conducts such a large current because it fires during the positive half cycles of the supply voltage and thus a current path is established from the junction 46 through the resistor 58, the diode 59 and the SCR 24 to the buss 42. Consequently, a strain is put on the thermal lock out circuit breaker 45 during the long duty cycle of the first SCR 24.
  • shut down SCR 99 fails to fire for any reason, the continued firing of the first SCR 24 at the preselected rate in an effort for ignition will cause the circuit to lock out after approximately seconds. Conversely, although it is unlikely, it is possible that the first SCR 24 could begin to fire near the negative going crossover. In such an event, the valve may be held open, but the lobes 134 will not occur. Consequently, the circuit breaker 45 will not be activated. However, if no flame occurs the auxiliary shut down timer will soon cause the SCR 24 to operate in the shut down mode, causing lock out. Thus provision of two possible methods for lock out is a beneficial safety feature.
  • FIG. 3( shows a wave form indicating current passed by the lock out circuit breaker 45 when the second SCR 36 is firing.
  • Small lobes 135 correspond to the charging of the capacitors shown by the lobes 133.
  • the only power conducted by the second SCR 36 is the discharge of the capacitors 22, 54 and 57. Consequently, continued operation of the second SCR 36 will not cause the activation of the lock out circuit breaker 45.
  • the second SCR 36 become shorted or leaky, power will pass therethrough during positive half cycles, causing overloading of the circuit breaker 45.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown another valve control circuit 141 in which parts corresponding generally to those shown in the valve control circuit 32 are denoted with similar reference numerals.
  • Alternating current power is supplied to the circuit 141 through a diode 59 and an energy storage capacitor 54 charges during positive cycles. While the capacitor 54 is charging, power also flows through a primary winding 142 of a spark transformer 143 and through an isolation diode 52 to a relay activating coil 49 and through an energy storage filter capacitor 51. During negative half cycles, the filter capacitor 51 discharges through the coil 49 but the energy storage capacitor 54 is prevented from discharging by the diode 59, unless a second discharge SCR 36 is activated.
  • the diode 52 becomes forward biased and delivers the energy stored in the transformer 143 as a substantial voltage pulse to the capacitor 51 and coil 49.
  • the pulse activates the relay coil 49 and charges the filter capacitor 51 sufficiently so that the coil 49 will remain activated during the following. cycle of the ac. power.
  • the circuit 141 will not be activated if the SCR 36 becomes shorted or leaky. That is because in either. of those events the required sharp pulses will not be delivered by the primary winding 142, and it is only those sharp pulses that create a sufficiently high voltage to activate the relay coil 49.
  • FIG. 5 there is shown a modified valve control circuit 141a similar to the circuit 141 except that the isolation diode 52 has been reversed to render the circuit responsive to the flyforward portion of the discharge.
  • the coil 49 and the capacitor 51 comprise a pulse responsive circuit 146 that is isolated by the isolating diode 52 from the energy storage circuit 147 including the transfer SCR 36 and the energy storage capacitor 54.
  • the diode 59 conducts to charge the capacitor 54 on the positive half cycles.
  • the isolation limiting diode 52 prevents any current from flowing through the coil 49 or the filter capacitor 51 during the positive half cycle. Consequently, power is transferred to the coil 49 and the capacitor 51 only by the firing of the transfer SCR 36.
  • FIG. 6 there is shown yet another valve energy storage supply capacitor 54, a primary winding 152 of a an energy responsive spark transformer 153 and the transfer SCR 36.
  • a spark secondary winding 154 is connected to spark electrodes 155.
  • a third winding 156 of the spark transformer 153 is part of a pulse responsive circuit including the energy storage filter capacitor 51 and the coil 49. Inasmuch as the ac. power frequency is too low to effectively operate the limiting transformer 153, no power is passed to either secondary winding 154 or 156 during the charging of the capacitor 54 on the positive half cycle of the supplied power.
  • the embodiments 141, 141a, and 151 all involve simultaneous sparking and maintenance of the valve in an open position when the flame is sensed. If it is desired that the spark be extinguished after flame is detected, as in the embodiment 21, the spark electrodes 145 or 155 can be eliminated from the circuits depicted in FIGS. 46 and other ignition apparatus utilized. In that event, the pulse apparatus 142 or 152 can remain an inductance as shown.
  • a choke could be used in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and or a two winding transformer could be used in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6.
  • a resistance could be utilized in place of the windings 152 and 142 as the resistance 53 is utilized in the embodiment 21.
  • the preignition timing may be extended to provide substantial purge time and the ignition timer may be adapted to closing the valve with- I out opening the circuit breaker using conventional circuitry. It is therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention can be practised otherwise than as specifically described.
  • Circuit apparatus for controlling a fuel burner and comprising:
  • valve means for controlling the flow of fuel to the burner
  • limit means for preventing sufficient energy from flowing from said power source directly to said valve means to provide actuation thereof at any time during normal operation of said apparatus.
  • said energy transfer means comprises discharge means for rapidly removing the energy stored in said energy storage means and wherein said valve means comprises pulse responsive means for rendering said valve means responsive only to rapid surges of energy.
  • said flame responsive means comprises periodic control means for periodically activating said discharge means so as to cause the periodic removal of energy from said energy storage means.
  • said pulse responsive means comprises energy storage filter means for maintaining valve actuating signals betweer the receipt of pulses from said discharge means.
  • said energy storage filter means comprises a capacitor.
  • said energy storage filter means comprises isolation means for preventing the flow of energy from said energy storage filter means to said discharge means.
  • said energy storage filter means comprises a capacitor and said isolation means comprises a diode for coupling said capacitor to said discharge means.
  • Apparatus according to claim 2 comprising an input circuit including said energy storage means and further comprising a pulse circuit coupled to said input circuit by said energy transfer means and including said pulse responsive means.
  • said discharge means comprises isolation means for preventing charging energy received by said input circuit from passing directly to said pulse circuit.
  • said pulse responsive means comprises an inductance for receiving pulses from said discharge means and a capacitor coupled to said inductance by a diode that conducts energy to said capacitor during the flyback in said inductance induced by the pulses.
  • said pulse responsive means comprises an inductance for receiving pulses from said discharge means and a capacitor coupled to said inductance by a diode that couples the voltage peaks induced by the pulses to said capacitor.
  • said pulse responsive means comprises a resistance for receiving pulses from said discharge means and a capacitor coupled to said resistance by a diode that couples voltage peaks produced by the pulses to said capacitor.
  • Circuit apparatus for controlling a fuel burner and comprising:
  • flame responsive means for producing flame signals in response to detection of flame at the burner
  • valve means for controlling the flow of fuel to the burner
  • control means for generating rapid surges of energy from said energy supply means in response to signals from said flame responsive means, said rapid surges of energy having a frequency substantially greater than said power source;
  • said energy responsive means for receiving said rapid surges of energy from said energy supply means and actuating said valve means in response thereto, and wherein said energy responsive means comprises limit means for rendering said valve means actuatable only byv rapid surges of energy having a frequency substantially greater than said powe source.
  • Apparatus according to claim 20 wherein said inductance comprises a winding of a spark transformer.
  • valve means comprises an electromagnetic valve control means coupled to said spark transformer.
  • Circuit apparatus for controlling a fuel burner comprising:
  • valve means for controlling the flow of fuel to the burner
  • ignition means for igniting fuel emanating from the burner
  • ignition timer means for timing operation of said ignition means; lock out means responsive to said ignition timer means for locking out said apparatus to prevent fuel flow to the burner after operation of said ignition means for a predetermined period of time;
  • auxiliary timer means for timing operation of said ignition means, said auxiliary timer means being coupled to said lock out means for causing lock out of said apparatus after operation of said ignition means for a second predetermined period of time;
  • flame responsive means for preventing the operation of said ignition means when flame is established at the burner.
  • said ignition timer means receives energy at a preselected rate during normal operation of said ignition means and comprises energy accumulation means for accumulating the energy received and threshold means for activating said lock out means for causing lock out when a predetermined amount of energy is accumulated.
  • ignition timer means further comprises leakage means for dissipating the energy accumulated and rendering said lock out means responsive to only substantially continuous operation of said ignition means.
  • auxiliary timer means comprises shut down energy accumulation means for receiving and storing energy at a second preselected rate during normal operation of said ignition means and further comprises shut down threshold means for causing lock out after accumulation of a second predetermined amount of energy.
  • auxiliary timer'means is an electronic timer and said shut down energy accumulation means comprises a capacitor.
  • Apparatus according to claim 27 comprising electronic switch means for controlling said ignition means and for supplying energy to said energy accumulation means at the preselected rate during operation of said ignition means.
  • auxiliary timer means comprises shut down means responsive to said shut down threshold means for causing said electronic switch to operate in a shut down mode after the accumulation of the second predetermined amount of energy and wherein said electronic switch means supplies energy to said energy accumulation means at a shut down rate during operation in the shut' down mode and wherein the shut down rate is a higher rate than the preselected rate.
  • valve means further comprises a capacitor connected in parallel with said electromagnetic valve control means and diode means coupling said electromagnetic valve control means to said spark transformer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
US00340448A 1973-03-12 1973-03-12 Flame ignition and supervision system Expired - Lifetime US3847533A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00340448A US3847533A (en) 1973-03-12 1973-03-12 Flame ignition and supervision system
GB966674A GB1452682A (en) 1973-03-12 1974-03-04 Flame ignition and supervision system
CA194,093A CA1018267A (en) 1973-03-12 1974-03-05 Flame ignition and supervision system
AU66455/74A AU6645574A (en) 1973-03-12 1974-03-08 Flame ignition and supervision system
JP49028469A JPS49120232A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1973-03-12 1974-03-12

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US00340448A US3847533A (en) 1973-03-12 1973-03-12 Flame ignition and supervision system

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US3847533A true US3847533A (en) 1974-11-12

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US00340448A Expired - Lifetime US3847533A (en) 1973-03-12 1973-03-12 Flame ignition and supervision system

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US (1) US3847533A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
JP (1) JPS49120232A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
AU (1) AU6645574A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
CA (1) CA1018267A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
GB (1) GB1452682A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3914092A (en) * 1974-09-23 1975-10-21 Johnson Service Co Direct spark ignition system with sampling flame sensor
US3941553A (en) * 1974-10-29 1976-03-02 Scheu Manufacturing Company Heater safety control system
US3947220A (en) * 1974-10-21 1976-03-30 Johnson Service Company Fuel ignition control arrangement
US3975136A (en) * 1975-07-08 1976-08-17 Emerson Electric Co. Burner control system
US4000961A (en) * 1975-08-26 1977-01-04 Eclipse, Inc. Primary flame safeguard system
US4116613A (en) * 1977-01-24 1978-09-26 Johnson Controls, Inc. Direct ignition system with interlock protection
US4128387A (en) * 1976-10-22 1978-12-05 Paul T. Mu Ignition device
FR2416425A1 (fr) * 1978-02-07 1979-08-31 Pintsch Bamag Ag Circuit d'allumage pour une installation de combustion fonctionnant au gaz
US4427363A (en) 1980-11-06 1984-01-24 British Gas Corporation Flame rectification detectors
US4487030A (en) * 1983-08-08 1984-12-11 The Stolle Corporation Gas/electric operated absorption refrigerator having automatic flame detection and restart capability with visual indication of operating status
US4521180A (en) * 1982-11-29 1985-06-04 Kidde, Inc. Laboratory burner apparatus
US5244379A (en) * 1991-01-22 1993-09-14 Henny Penny Corporation Control system for a gas cooking device
US20150055271A1 (en) * 2013-08-23 2015-02-26 Emerson Electric Co. AC Line Powered Relay Driving Circuits
US20160116170A1 (en) * 2014-10-22 2016-04-28 Grand Mate Co., Ltd. Ignition controlling device of gas appliance

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3610790A (en) * 1969-09-05 1971-10-05 Emerson Electric Co Ignition and flame detection means for gas burners
US3610789A (en) * 1969-09-30 1971-10-05 Eaton Yale & Towne Flame rod safety control system
US3726630A (en) * 1970-07-15 1973-04-10 Liberty Combustion Corp Flame ignition

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3610790A (en) * 1969-09-05 1971-10-05 Emerson Electric Co Ignition and flame detection means for gas burners
US3610789A (en) * 1969-09-30 1971-10-05 Eaton Yale & Towne Flame rod safety control system
US3726630A (en) * 1970-07-15 1973-04-10 Liberty Combustion Corp Flame ignition

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3914092A (en) * 1974-09-23 1975-10-21 Johnson Service Co Direct spark ignition system with sampling flame sensor
US3947220A (en) * 1974-10-21 1976-03-30 Johnson Service Company Fuel ignition control arrangement
US3941553A (en) * 1974-10-29 1976-03-02 Scheu Manufacturing Company Heater safety control system
US3975136A (en) * 1975-07-08 1976-08-17 Emerson Electric Co. Burner control system
US4000961A (en) * 1975-08-26 1977-01-04 Eclipse, Inc. Primary flame safeguard system
US4128387A (en) * 1976-10-22 1978-12-05 Paul T. Mu Ignition device
US4116613A (en) * 1977-01-24 1978-09-26 Johnson Controls, Inc. Direct ignition system with interlock protection
FR2416425A1 (fr) * 1978-02-07 1979-08-31 Pintsch Bamag Ag Circuit d'allumage pour une installation de combustion fonctionnant au gaz
US4427363A (en) 1980-11-06 1984-01-24 British Gas Corporation Flame rectification detectors
US4521180A (en) * 1982-11-29 1985-06-04 Kidde, Inc. Laboratory burner apparatus
US4487030A (en) * 1983-08-08 1984-12-11 The Stolle Corporation Gas/electric operated absorption refrigerator having automatic flame detection and restart capability with visual indication of operating status
US5244379A (en) * 1991-01-22 1993-09-14 Henny Penny Corporation Control system for a gas cooking device
US20150055271A1 (en) * 2013-08-23 2015-02-26 Emerson Electric Co. AC Line Powered Relay Driving Circuits
US9330870B2 (en) * 2013-08-23 2016-05-03 Emerson Electric Co. AC line powered relay driving circuits
US20160116170A1 (en) * 2014-10-22 2016-04-28 Grand Mate Co., Ltd. Ignition controlling device of gas appliance
US10151492B2 (en) * 2014-10-22 2018-12-11 Grand Mate Co., Ltd. Ignition controlling device of gas appliance

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS49120232A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1974-11-16
AU6645574A (en) 1975-09-11
GB1452682A (en) 1976-10-13
CA1018267A (en) 1977-09-27

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